[教育]英美文學(xué)ppt課件7.marktwa

1、Mark Twain,(馬克?吐溫) Samuel Langhorne Clemens （塞繆爾?朗赫恩?克萊門斯） (1835-1910),,Mark Twain (1835 -1910),Mark Twain was a great American writer, and he was also a famous speaker. Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) was born

2、 in Florida and he was not a healthy baby. In fact, he was not expected to live through the first winter. But with his mother's tender care, he managed to survive. As a boy, he caused much trouble for his parents. He

3、 used to play jokes on all of his friends and neighbors. He didn't like to go to school, and he constantly ran away from home.,Mark Twain (1835 -1910),He always went in the direction of the nearby Mississippi as he l

4、oved the great river so much. His father died when he was 12. Mark Twain left school and began to work for a printer, who only provided him with food and clothing. Then, he worked as a printer, a riverboat pilot and lat

5、er joined the army. But shortly after that he became a miner. During this period, he started to write short stories. Afterwards he became a full-time writer.,,RealismA Response to RomanticismTried very hard to captu

6、re life exactly as it was, rather than romanticizing itRather than focus on emotion or prize it, realists tried to prevent their works from being filtered through their emotional lensesCharacters came from poorer, supe

7、r-rural or super-urban backgroundsIncluded workers at factories, people living in slums, etc. – the types of people who never showed up as romantic heroes,Twain as a Realist,Twain as a Realist,Twain is one of the greate

8、st realists – possibly the greatest – of all time.One of the reasons he’s so great is that he dares to examine the “whys” – why does society have problems? Why do characters experience conflicting emotions? Why do we ac

9、t the way we do?,Mark Twain and his masterpieces,The Adventure of Tom Sawyer was an immediate success as “a boy’s book”; its sequel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn became his masterpiece, the one book from which, as

10、Ernest Hemingway noted, “all modern American literature comes.”Life on the Mississippi is another masterpiece of his.,Mark Twain and his masterpieces,In his later works the change from an optimist and humorist to an alm

11、ost despairing determinist is unmistakable. Some critics link this change with the tragic events of his later life, the failure of his investments, his fatiguing travels and lectures in order to pay off his debts, and ad

12、ded to this, the death of his wife and two daughters which left him absolutely inconsolable.,Samuel Clemens’ Major Works,The Gilded Age 《鍍金時代》 written in collaboration with Charles Dudley WarnerLife on the Mississippi 《

13、密西西比河上》A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court　《亞瑟王朝里的康涅狄格州美國佬》The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug　《敗壞了哈德萊堡的人》The Mysterious Stranger 《神秘的陌生人》AutobiographyThese works contain bitter attacks on the human race,,The

14、Innocents Abroad «傻子國外旅行記»Roughing It《艱難歲月》Pudd'nhead Wilson《傻瓜維爾遜》The Prince and the Pauper《王子與貧民》 American Claimant《美國申請人》,Mark Twain’s Writing Features,,1.local colour,represented social life throug

15、h portraits of local places which he knew best,drew from his own rich fund of knowledge of people and places,,,tall tales (highly exaggerated),,a texture of most local color literature，a kink of humor,,2. Literature is a

16、n art of language. Mark Twain’s language is artistic and like a sharp weapon without doubt. Mark Twain is famous for his humor and satire. He used the artistic style of hyperbole on the basis of the western traditiona

17、l humor and made his writing full of allegories that lay behind the humor.,Mark Twain’s Writing Features,Mark Twain’s Writing Features,,humour,is of witty remarks mocking at small things and making people laugh,is a kind

18、 of artistic style used to criticize the social injustice,,3. He used a lot of colloquial idioms and colloquial syntax.,a master oflanguage,shortconcrete direct in effect,simp1e, even ungrammatical,sentence & stru

19、ctures,words,,,,he used colloquial language, vernacular language, dialects,American dialect,an American language,,Mark Twain’s Writing Features,4. He often described persons who was innocent, simple, naive, and ignorant

20、as his heroes or heroines.,Mark Twain’s Writing Features,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Mark Twain,“All American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn… it’s the best book we’ve had.”

21、- Earnest Hemingway,Summary,Written in 1885 but takes place in the 1840s - Huckleberry Finn, 14, grows up in St. Petersburg, Missouri with no mother and an alcoholic father who has skipped town. Huck is being cared for b

22、y two women: Widow Douglas and her sister Miss Watson. Huck likes to skip school and hang out with his best friend, Tom Sawyer.,Summary – Part Two,Huck’s dad, Pap, returns and imprisons Huck in a cabin outside of town. H

23、uck escapes and runs into Jim, a black slave, who is also trying to escape. The bulk of the story chronicles Huck and Jim’s travels down the Mississippi River and the continued trouble they seem to get themselves into.,

24、Special point of view of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Serious social problems discussed through the narration of a little illiterate boy,Language Features of the Novel,Colloquial style: a very important contributio

25、n of this novel to American literatureFeatures of the language used in the novel: mostly Anglo-Saxon in origin, short, concrete and direct in effect; sentence structure is mostly simple or compound; ungrammatical elemen

26、tsMark Twain made the colloquial speech an accepted, respectable literary medium in the literary history of America.,An Excerpt from Chapter 31 of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,Once I  said to myself it would be a

27、 thousand times better for Jim to be a slave at home where his family was, as long as he'd got to be a slave, and so I'd better write a letter to Tom Sawyer and tell him to tell Miss Watson where he was. But I so

28、on give up that notion, for two things: she'd be mad and disgusted at his rascality and ungratefulness for leaving her, and so she'd sell him straight down the river again; and if she didn't, everybody natura

29、lly despises an ungratedful nigger, and they'd make Jim feel it all the time, and so he'd feel ornery and disgraced. And then think of me! It would get all around, that Huck Finn helped a nigger to get his freedo

30、m; and if I was to ever see anybody from that town again, I'd be ready to get down and lick his boots for shame.,The key to understanding Twain’s novel is by realizing that it’s a satire.,What is Satire?,Satire - usi

31、ng sarcasm to denounce or expose something foolishSo what is Twain trying to denounce? Racism.Irony - Opposite of literal meaning: I have a ton of homework - how nice! (this is also sarcasm) Or the opposite

32、 of what is expected to happen: Twain creates a racist protagonist to prove his point that racism is wrong.,The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn,ThemesHumanism will finally win,Racism & Slavery,This hovers ove

33、r the text at all times, most obviously when Jim is featured.written after Emancipation Proclamation abolished slavery, but time period of story set during slavery during Reconstruction, a less institutionalized form o

34、f slavery existed in the South (Jim Crow laws)allegorical portrayal of conditions of “blacks” in U.S. after end of slaveryhypocrisy of “civilized” society which values morality, but condones slavery,Hypocrisy of “Civil

35、ized” Society,society’s laws (Miss Watson and Widow Douglas) vs. higher moral values (Huck and Jim)rules and precepts that reflect faulty logiccivilized vs. naturala “just” society that condones slaveryunsteady justi

36、ce is blinded by cowardice, prejudice, and a lack of common senseseemingly good and characters are slave-owners,Freedom,importance of individual thinking and ideasescaping an illogical and oppressive societyMississipp

37、i River as a safe havenslavery vs. libertyoutcasts labeled by “citizens” are arguably the only truly free characters,,Maturation and Development,a significant factor in Huck’s moral education is his youthbeing open-mi

38、nded is a quality that Huck represents, as a child, which allows for his development and maturationHuck’s relationship with Jim assists his progression throughout the novelHuck’s experiences and apprehension about soci