[教育]英美文學ppt課件8.ernesthemingway

1、Ernest Hemingway and A Farewell to Arms,Name:Birth:Death: Nationality:Career:Remembered as:,Ernest Hemingway,American,1899,1961,one of the great American writers of the 20th century,novelist and short-story writer,

2、Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, IllinoisHe was the second of six children and had four sisters and one brotherHis father was a doctor and also an avid hunter and outdoorsmanIn High School, Hemingway play

3、ed football and learned to wrestleDuring this time he also incurred permanent eye damage. This caused him to be rejected by the Army during WWIHemingway was also the editor of his high school newspaper, The Trapez

4、e,Hemingway after high school,After graduating, Hemingway went to Kansas City and became a cub reporter for the Kansas City StarIn 1918, Hemingway joined the Red Cross and was an ambulance driver in Italy during World W

5、ar IThis experience provided background for the book A Farewell to ArmsWhile serving on the Italian front, Hemingway was seriously woundedThe war experiences (the cruelty and endurance it requires) forms a major part

6、of Hemingway’s writing.,HemingwayRed Cross Uniform, about 1918,Hemingway spent six months in the Red Cross hospital in Milan , where he met and fell in love with Agnes von Kurowsky, a Red Cross nurse seven years his se

7、nior. Provided material for A Farewell to Arms,After the war,After the war, Hemingway settled in Paris, the literary capital of the worldHe worked as a foreign correspondent for the Toronto Star.During this time, he b

8、ecame acquainted with Gertrude Stein, Ezra Pound and Sherwood Anderson, all American expatriates.Hemingway soon became a spokesman for the Lost Generation writers and other artists disillusioned by the war.From 1944-19

9、45, he was a war correspondent on the Western Front during World War II,Hemingway, 1928,Literary Awards,Hemingway’s novel The Old Man and the Sea, published in 1952 won him a Pulitzer and Nobel Prize,Hemingway receiving

10、the Nobel Prize for Literature,Hemingway moved from one exotic locale to another including; Spain, Cuba, Africa, and Key West, FloridaHe cultivated a reputation as a tough, hard-drinking man’s man,On July 2, 1961, Hemi

11、ngway died of a self-inflicted gun shot wound in Ketchum, OhioIt is said that in the last few years of his life, Hemingway was a very troubled man. He even received rounds of electro-shock therapy shortly before he kil

12、led himself,Main works,The Sun Also Rises (1926)A Farewell to Arms (1929)For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)The Old Man and the Sea (1952),The Old Man and the Sea (1952),《老人與海》,In 1954, when Hemingway was awarded the Nobel

13、 Prize for Literature, it was for "his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style".,A spokesman for t

14、he Lost Generation,The term “l(fā)ost generation” was coined by Gertrude Stein, a lost generation writer herself, after World War I. It was between the first and second World Wars. Speaking to Ernest Hemingway, she said, &qu

15、ot;you are all a lost generation.",,The Lost Generation is a term used to describe a group of American writers who were rebelling against what America had become by the 1900’s.Seeking the bohemian lifestyle and rej

16、ecting the values of American materialism, a number of intellectuals, poets, artists and writers fled to France in the post World War I years.Paris was the center of it all. Full of youthful idealism, these individuals

17、sought the meaning of life, drank excessively, had love affairs and created some of the finest American literature to date.,Hemingway’s Heroes,Hemingway’s fiction usually focuses on people living essential, dangerous liv

18、es—soldiers, fishermen, athletes, bullfighters—who meet the pain and difficulty of their existence with stoic courage.,The phrase, Hemingway code hero originated with scholar Philip Young. He uses it to describe a Heming

19、way character who lives correctly, following certain principles of honor, courage, and endurance which in a life of tension and pain make a man a man.,The Hemingway Code Hero 準則英雄、硬漢子,The Hemingway Code Hero 準則英雄、硬漢子,T

20、hroughout many of Hemingway’s novels the code hero acts in a manner which allowed the critic to formulate a particular code.     -   he does not talk about what he believes in.  

21、   -   He does not talk too much.  He expresses himself not in words, but in actions.  The Hemingway man is not a thinker, he is a man of action.  But his actions are based upon a conc

22、ept of life.,“Grace under pressure” is their motto,Whatever is the result is, they are ready to live with grace under pressure. No matter how tragic the ending is, they will never be defeated. Finally, they will prevai

23、l because of their indestructible spirit and courage.,They hide a sensitive heart under a tough exterior,,The Hemingway Code Hero 準則英雄、硬漢子,The Hemingway code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.,

24、A man can be destroyed but not defeated.,----From The Old Man and the Sea,Hemingway’s Style direct, terse, and often monotonous,The use of short, simple and conventional words and sentences has an effect of clearness, t

25、erseness and great care.,the iceberg theory, sometime referred to as "theory of omission.",Hemingway believed that a good writer did not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. “The dignity of m

26、ovement of an ice-berg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.” In his writing the facts float above water; the supporting structure and symbolism operate out-of-sight.,,,1932年，海明威在他的紀實性作品《午后之死》中，第一次把文學創(chuàng)作

27、比做漂浮在大洋上的冰山，他說：“冰山運動之雄偉壯觀，是因為他只有八分之一在水面上?！?簡潔的文字、鮮明的形象、豐富的情感和深刻的思想是構成”冰山原則”的四個基本要素。具體地說，文字和形象是所謂的“八分之一”，而情感和思想是所謂的“八分之七”。,,If a writer of prose knows enough of what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows an

28、d the reader, if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. “如果一位作家對于他想寫的東西心里很有數，那么他可能省略他所知道的東西，讀者呢，只要作家寫得真實，會強烈的感覺到他所省略的地方，好象作者寫出來似的?！憋@而易見，

29、作家在這里強調的是省略，主張水面下的的“八分之七”應該留給讀者去感受。,A Farewell to Arms,The novel is about Hemingway's World War I experiences and his relationship with Agnes von Kurowsky in Milan.On the surface, a tragic romanceBelow the surface,

30、 about the warindividual tragedy within the larger picture of greater tragedy,The novel is divided into five books. In the first book, Henry meets and attempts to seduce Catherine Barkley and their relationship begins.

31、While on the Italian front, Henry is wounded in the knee by a mortar shell and sent to a hospital in Milan. The second book shows the growth of Henry and Catherine's relationship as they spend time together in Milan

32、 over the summer. Henry falls in love with Catherine and by the time he is healed, Catherine is three months pregnant.,Summary of A Farewell to Arms,In the third book, Henry returns to his unit, but not long after, the A

33、ustro-Germans break through the Italian lines in the Battle of Caporetto, and the Italians retreat. Henry kills an engineering sergeant for insubordination. After falling behind and catching up again, Henry is taken to a

34、 place by the "battle police" where officers are being interrogated and executed for the "treachery" that supposedly led to the Italian defeat. However, after hearing the execution of a Lt.Colonel, He

35、nry escapes by jumping into a river.,Summary of A Farewell to Arms,In the fourth book, Catherine and Henry reunite and flee to Switzerland in a rowing boat. In the final book, Henry and Catherine live a quiet life in the

36、 mountains until she goes into labour. After a long and painful labour, their son is stillborn. Catherine begins to haemorrhage and soon dies, leaving Henry to return to their hotel in the rain.,Summary of A Farewell to

37、Arms,Major Themes,Love as a response to the horrors of war and the world,Hemingway repeatedly emphasizes the horrific devastation war has wrought on everyone involved. From the opening account of cholera that kills "

38、;only" 7,000 men to the graphic description of the artillery bombardment to the corrupt violence during the Italian retreat, A Farewell to Arms is among the most frank anti-war novels.,,Love is a pleasurable diversi

39、on that distracts lovers from the outside world; the two often tell each other not to think about anything else, as it is too painful. Hidden within the shelter of Catherine's beautiful hair, Henry and Catherine feel

40、 protected from the cruel outside world.,,美國作家海明威的小說名 A Farewell to Arms 中的 “arms”一語雙關，第一層意思為 “武器”，代表帝國主義戰(zhàn)爭，第二層意思為 “手臂”，代表擁抱與愛情，該詞點出了他這部作品的雙重主題。此書有兩個漢譯本，一本把書名譯為《永別了，武器》，另一本處理成《戰(zhàn)地春夢》，在體現(xiàn)書名里的雙關語這一點上，后一種譯法更為恰切：“戰(zhàn)”與 “春”分別譯出原

41、文 arms 的兩層意思。,Lieutenant Frederic Henrythe Hemingway code hero,a man of action who coolly exhibits "grace under pressure" while confronting death. Henry's narration is certainly detached and action-or

42、iented - only rarely does he let us into his most private thoughts - and he displays remarkable cool when shooting the engineering sergeant. The Hemingway hero also eschews glory for a more personal code of honor.