2018高考英語(yǔ)完形填空講解

1、,How to do cloze tests?,,完形填空,,,做完形的時(shí)候你有以下問(wèn)題嗎？,煩慢錯(cuò)不得不做，硬著頭皮做，還是錯(cuò),完形填空考查的是對(duì)學(xué)生的綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力，但是每一個(gè)空格的設(shè)置并不是隨心所欲的，命題人主要通過(guò)上下文暗示出的某種信息來(lái)保證答案的正確性和唯一性?？忌鷳?yīng)該通過(guò)上下文的暗示獲取解題信息，留意暗送的“秋波”，也就是：關(guān)鍵詞,出題者的初衷,,,,,,命題特點(diǎn)：,1. 短文長(zhǎng)度300詞左右，記敘文、說(shuō)明

2、文和議論文（主要是夾敘夾議類(lèi)）為主。 記敘文故事情節(jié)多有曲折；議論文結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)層次分明，有很多對(duì)仗現(xiàn)象。2. 首句無(wú)空格，提供語(yǔ)境。5-10詞設(shè)一空，人名、 地名、日期、數(shù)字不在之列。3. 選項(xiàng)多為一詞，偶爾會(huì)為詞組。四選項(xiàng)為同一類(lèi)詞或?qū)偻环懂?，或近義或形異義，或與前后配成詞組。故干擾性、迷性大。有時(shí)單獨(dú)看一句話語(yǔ)法都是正確的，但根據(jù)上下文只有一個(gè)正確答案。,4. 考查單詞以實(shí)詞(v, n, adj, adv, p

3、ron.)為主，虛詞(conj.,prep.)為輔。實(shí)詞一般占80%-90%。5. 以考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章的整體理解（篇章邏輯題）和詞匯的意義（詞匯題）把握為主。有些要結(jié)合常識(shí)才能正確選項(xiàng)；有些甚至要求在通篇理解的基礎(chǔ)上，正確把握上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，才能正確判斷和選擇。6. 有些空格答案由上文決定（前置性設(shè)空），有些由后文決定（后置性設(shè)空），有些要綜合上下文才能得到答案（語(yǔ)篇性設(shè)空），以后置性設(shè)空為主。,英語(yǔ)完形填空解題步驟,速覽全文，

4、把握大意。細(xì)讀首句，摸清文路。瞻前顧后，準(zhǔn)確選擇。復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。,≈2mins,≈10mins,≈2mins,≈1mins,Here are some Basic skills of cloze,,eg1. Many old people don’t have good _____. A. hearing B. health C. eyesight,1) They can’t watch T

5、V, but they can listen to music or news over the radio.,C,2) They can’t listen to music or news over the radio, but they can read with glasses.,3) They can’t walk outside, but they can watch TV or listen to music or new

6、s over the radio at home.,A,B,,,,eg2. Wait till you are more _____. A. relaxed B. satisfied 　C. certain,C,2) I’ll improve it once more.,B,3) Or else you’ll be more nervous on the stage.,A,,,,eg3. Some parts of t

7、he water are very shallow. But in some places it is very, very ____.A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous,,,1) It’s better to be sure .,Skill 1:Choosing by context(上下文、語(yǔ)境),eg1. When we talked, I discovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)） some

8、 differences in school life between the US and China. For example, each class lasts fifty minutes in the US. It is a little ____ than that in China. We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.,A. shorter B. lo

9、nger C. earlier D. later,√,Skill 2：logic（邏輯推理）,,,eg2. My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?” I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said．“My ________，Mommy．”

10、 She said，“No．Many people are deaf（聾的）…,A. ears B. eyes C. body D. head,√,,,,eg1. At this moment, the air hostess 1 . She looked pale, but was quite 2 .1. A. showed B.

11、presented C. exposed D. appeared2. A. well 　 B. still C. calm D. quiet,Vt.,Vt.,Vt.,Vi,Skill 3:Choosing by meanings of words and expressions (詞匯和短語(yǔ)用法),eg2. In the morning, the king went to vi

12、sit the pond. To his surprise, the pond was only filled with water! What happened? Yes! Everyone had the same idea __that man.,A. with B. to C. as D. of,the same,例 We don’t have to tell children 55 they s

13、hould learn from the story and what the moral is. 55. A. that B. what C. which D. whom,,,,tell sb. sth. learn sth. from..,。,Skill4: Choosing by grammar(語(yǔ)法分析),eg1.…and the officers then began to eat

14、 their meal, saying that the mushrooms had a very strange ____ quite pleasant taste. A. beside B. but C. and D. or,,,,。,eg1.I turned the key in the lock and _____the door open.knocked B. forced

15、 C. pushed D. tried,,eg2. All over the world people swim for fun. Swimming is enjoyed by people of ______ages, from the very young to the very old. There are many places for people to swim in swimming pools.

16、A. all B. none C. some D. both,,,Skill 5: Choosing by common sense(常識(shí)),eg3. (Immediately) the officers jumped into their cars and rushed to the＿＿＿＿＿h(yuǎn)ospital.A. animal B. biggest C. plant D

17、. nearest,,Skill 6 choosing by the repetition of the same word,完形填空試題中，有些詞語(yǔ)常常重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語(yǔ)篇中。要學(xué)會(huì)運(yùn)用與選項(xiàng)意義緊密相連的同義詞或近義詞。,例 I fell in love with Yosemite National Park the first time I saw it, when I was 13. My parents took us there

18、 for camping. On the way out, I asked them to wait while I ran up to ELCapitan, a 16 rock of 3,300 feet straight up. I touched that giant rock and knew 17(immediately) I wanted to climb it. That has been my life’s passio

19、n(鐘愛(ài)) ever since--- 18 the rocks and mountains of Yosemite. 16. A. distant B. huge C. narrow D. loose18. A. imagining B. painting C. describing D. climbing,,,,,,,1. Choosing by context 上下文語(yǔ)境2.

20、 Choosing by logic 邏輯3. Choosing by the meanings of the words and expressions 單詞和短語(yǔ)的用法4. Choosing by grammar 語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)分析5.Choosing by cultural background and common sense 文化背景和常識(shí)6. The repetition of the word. 同義

21、復(fù)現(xiàn)7. 排除法、語(yǔ)感等其他方法,methods,When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. （首句點(diǎn)明文章體裁，人物，時(shí)間及關(guān)鍵詞）That meant 21 Miller King, who was the best 22 at our school. (唯一的目的就是成為球星，肯定就是打敗最好運(yùn)動(dòng)員Mille

22、r),21.A. cheering for（為…喝彩叫好） B. beating out C. relying on D. staying with22.A.coach(教練） B. student C. teacher D. player,beat sb. out : to defeat someone or do better than them

23、 打敗某人,,,,That season, I 26 all of Miller’s records while he 27 the home games from the bench. We went 10-1 and I was named most valuable player, 28 I often had crazy dreams in which I was

24、to blame for Miller’s 29 .,26.A. held B. broke C. set D. tried27.A.reported B. judged C. organized D. watched28.A.and B. then C. but D. thus29.A. decision B. mistake C. accident

25、D. sacrifice（犧牲）,26. break/set the record 打破/創(chuàng)記錄 be to blame for… 因…受到責(zé)備29.What happened to Miller? be struck by a car and lost his right arm,,,,,,,,One afternoon, I was crossing the field to go home and saw M

26、iller 30 going over a fence—which wasn’t 31 to climb if you had both arms. I’m sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept 32 from. But even that challenge he accepted. I 33 him move slowly over the fe

27、nce. When we were finally 34 on the other side, he said to me, “You know, I didn’t tell you this during the season, but you did 35 .Thank you for filling in for 36 .”,30. A. stuck (動(dòng)不了的，被卡住的） B. hurt C. tired

28、D. lost31. A. steady B. hard C. fun D. fit32. A. praise B. advice C. assistance D. apology33. A. let B. helped C. had D. noticed34. A. dropped B. ready C. tra

29、pped D. safe35. A. fine B. wrong C. quickly D. normally36. A. us B. yourself C. me D. them,36. fill in for sb. “代替”: take the place of sb.,,,,,,His words freed me from m

30、y bad 37. I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not defeated, he was 38 ahead of me. I was right to have 39 him. From that day on，I grew 40 and a little more real.,37. A. memo

31、ries B. ideas C. attitudes D. dreams38. A. still B. also C. yet D. just39. A. challenged B. cured C. invited D. admired(欣/贊賞）40. A. healthier B. bigger C. cleverer D. cooler

32、,,,free sb. from…. 把某人從…中解脫出來(lái) I often has crazy dreams in which I was to blame for his accident.39. challenge sb. : invite sb. to compete against one in a fight or a match Have the author challenged him? 4