必修五英語課本知識點話題科普知識

1、話題21 科普知識,基礎知識自測,一、單詞識記,1. _________ n.宇宙; 世界2. ________ n.受害者3. ________________ n.附近; 鄰近4. ________ adj. 嚴重的, 劇烈的5. ________________ n.特征; 特性,characteristic,universe,victim,neighborhood,severe,6. _________ vt

2、.照顧；出席；參加7. _________ vt.吸收；吸引；使專心8. _________ vt.預見；預知9. _________ adj.積極的；肯定的10. ________ vt.打??；戰(zhàn)勝 n.失敗,defeat,attend,absorb,foresee,positive,11. __________ n.治愈 vt.治愈12. __________ n.柄；把手vt.處理13. __________ vt.懷

3、疑 n.嫌疑犯14. ___________ n.挑戰(zhàn) vt.挑戰(zhàn)15. __________ adj.熟練的 n.專家,expert,cure,handle,suspect,challenge,二、單詞拓展 (A)單詞派生,1. __________ n. 科學 __________ n. 科學家 __________ adj. 科學的2. __________ vt. 分析 __________

4、n. 分析,analysis,science,scientist,scientific,analyse,,,,3. _________ vt. 污染；弄臟 _________ adj. 受污染的 _________ n. 污染,pollute,polluted,pollution,,,4. ___________ vt. 命令；指示；教導 ____________ n. 指示；教導,,instruct,inst

5、ruction,5. ______________ vt. 結(jié)束 ______________ n. 結(jié)束; 結(jié)論6. _____________ n. 小心; 謹慎 _____________ adj. 小心的; 謹慎的,,,cautious,conclude,conclusion,caution,(B)靈活運用1. He needed more ________ (science) experiments

6、to support his theory.1. 形容詞作定語。2. She has come to the ____________ (conclude) that he does not love her at all.2. 名詞作賓語。,scientific,conclusion,3. He fell ill because of eating the ________ (pollute) seafood.3. 形容詞作

7、定語。4. The ________ (analyse) of the food showed the presence of poison.4. 名詞作主語。5. Follow the ___________ (instruct) when you operate the machine. 5. 名詞作賓語。,polluted,analysis,instructions,1. ______________ 提出2. __

8、____________ 講得通；有意義3. ______________ 使顯露；暴露4. ______________ 將…和…聯(lián)系起來,三、短語翻譯,link ...to ...,put forward,make sense,expose ...to,5. _____________ 除……之外； 此外6. _______________ 對……嚴格7. _____________________得出結(jié)論8. __

9、____________導致；引起,lead to,apart from,(be) strict with,draw a conclusion,9. _______________ 失去控制10. _______________受責備11. ____________________ 在建設中12. _______________ 結(jié)束,come to an end,out of control,be to blame,be

10、under construction,四、課文回顧 John Snow was a well-known physician in London in the 19th century. 1___ famous was he that he even attended Queen Victoria to ease the 2_____ (bear) of her babies. However, he decided to

11、defeat cholera, a deadly disease at that time when he saw thousands of people 3_______ (expose) to it died every time there was an outbreak.,So,birth,exposed,In 1854 when cholera broke out，he began to gather information

12、and marked on a map 4 ______ all the dead people had lived. He found many people who had drunk 5___ dirty water from the pump died. So he decided that the polluted water carried cholera. He found a woman and 6 ___ daught

13、er who had the water delivered from the pump every day died of cholera after drinking the water.,where,the,her,7____ this extra evidence John Snow announced that the polluted water was 8 ________ (blame). He suggested th

14、e source of all water supplies 9________ (examine) and new methods of dealing 10____ water be found. Finally，“King Cholera” was defeated.,With,to blame,be examined,with,五、語段改錯,John Snow is a famous doctor in London—so

15、expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria for her personal physician. But he becameinspiring when he thought about help ordinarypeople exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of their day.,Neither i

16、ts cause or its cure was understood. Somany thousand of terrified people died everytime there was the outbreak. John Snow wantedto face the challenge and to solve this problem.He knew that cholera would never be

17、controlleduntil its cause found.,,1. is→ was 據(jù)上下文可知一般過去時，描述過去發(fā)生的事情。2. for→ as 表示“作為”。3. inspiring→ inspired 指人“感覺振奮的”，用inspired，而不能用inspiring (令人振奮的，激勵人心的)。 4. help→ helping 在介詞about后, 動詞help要加上-ing。5. their→ i

18、ts 指代前面的“the deadly disease”，用單數(shù)。,6. or→ nor 因neither…nor… (既不……也不)是固定搭配。7. thousand→ thousands 因這里thousands of是非確切數(shù)，要加“s”。8. the→ an 指“每次霍亂一爆發(fā)”，沒有特指，無需用the，outbreak以元音開頭，用an。9. 去掉solve前面的to 因前半句已經(jīng)有“to”了，故to無需重復。

19、10. 在found前加上was 被動語態(tài)，一般過去時，故在found前加上was。,重點詞匯講練,1. cure vt. 治愈; 矯正 n. 治愈; 療法；措施(for)原句 Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. 人們既不知道它的病源, 也不了解它的治療方法。(B5P2),例句 Up till now, People have

20、not found an effective cure for AIDS. 到目前為止, 人們還沒有找到治療艾滋病的有效方法。,cure sb. of sth. 治好某人的(疾病、壞習慣等)a cure for…治療……的方法／藥物,搭配,運用⑴ Her son was addicted to the computer games and she had to ___________________ (使他改掉 這個習慣).⑵

21、 The government is finding a cure ___ the severe pollution.,cure him of the habit,for,原句 The second suggested that people absorb this disease into their bodies with their meals. 第二種看法是人們在吃飯的時候把這種病毒引入體內(nèi)的。(B5P2),2. abso

22、rb vt. 吸收；吸引(注意力),例句 Dark clothes absorbed light easily. 深色衣服容易吸收光線。搭配 be absorbed in全神貫注于, 專心致志于,運用 ⑴ 當我進來時, 他正聚精會神地看小說。When I entered, he _______________ ________ a novel.⑵ 我們可以從廣泛的閱讀中吸收許多有用的東西。We can ____

23、_____________________ from extensive reading.,absorb a lot of useful things,3. be to blame (for sth.) (為某事)應受責備/承擔責任原句 It seemed that the water was to blame. 看來水是罪魁禍首。(B5P2),例句 Mr. Smith was to blame for the acci

24、dent. 史密斯先生 要為事故負責。搭配 blame sb. for sth.為某事責備某人,(1) 那次事故怪不得Tom, 畢竟他還是個孩子。Little Tom was not_________ for the accident. After all, he is only a child. (2) His mother blamed him ___ his dishonesty.,for,to blame,運用,

25、4. put forward 提出; 提前; 被提名原句 Who put forward a theory about black holes? 誰提出關(guān)于黑洞的理論？(B5P1)例句 He often puts forward some useful advice. 他總能提出一些有用的建議。,⑴ We have to put the meeting forward by two weeks.(___________

26、)⑵Dr. King put forward a suggestion that talented students should be placed in special classes. (_________ ),運用 說出下列句子畫線部分的意思。,將……提前,提出建議,⑶ His name was put forward for the Chairman of the Students’ Union. (_________

27、___),被推薦/提名,原句 Apart from the construction mentioned above, you have also learned the following phrases. 除了上面提到的結(jié)構(gòu), 你還學了下列詞組。(B5P4)例句 Apart from school work, I spend my spare time in singing and angling.除了學校功課外，我業(yè)

28、余時間還唱歌畫畫。,5. apart from除了……以外，都；除……外，還,用法 apart from是短語介詞, 既相當于besides /in addition to /as well as, 又相當于except (for)。運用 用besides，except，except for替代apart from。⑴ Apart from the cost, time should also be considered

29、.( ____________________),Besides (In addition to),⑵ Apart from a few mistakes, it is a good composition.( _________________________ )⑶ Apart from the ending, it’s really a good film. (______________________________

30、),Except (Not including),Except for,6. be strict with sb. (in sth.) (在某方面)對某人嚴格要求原句 I need to be strict with …我需要對……要求嚴格(B5P6)例句 You must be strict with yourself in study.你在學習上要對自己嚴格要求。,運用 填入一個恰當?shù)慕樵~。⑴ Our Engl

31、ish teacher is very strict _____ us ___ our homework.⑵ My mother is not only strict ___ her work but also strict _____ me.,with,with,in,in,寫作句型運用,原句 A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from

32、 the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位從寬街搬過來的婦女，她特別喜歡那里的水, 每天都要派人從水泵打水運到家里。(B5P3),1. have sth. done 讓某人干某事; 遭遇某事,例句 You’d better have the machine repaired tomorrow.你最好明天找人來修機器。,仿寫 把下列句子

33、譯成英文。⑴ 明天我要去理發(fā)。I will ________________________.⑵ 爸爸幾天前車被偷了。My father __________________a few days ago.,have my hair cut tomorrow,had his car stolen,原句 He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with

34、the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上, 而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn), 只有月球仍然繞著地球轉(zhuǎn)。(B5P7),2. with+賓語+非謂語動詞,例句 I can’t fall asleep with the baby crying. 嬰兒一直在哭, 我睡不著覺。,仿寫 把下列句子譯成英文。⑴ 鳥兒

35、在鳴叫, 我們在森林里愉快地散步。We walked happily in the forest ____ __________________.⑵ 還有很多作業(yè)要做, 我今晚不能和你去看電影了。__________________________, I can’t go to see the movie with you tonight.,With a lot of homework to do,⑶ 作業(yè)做完后，我出去踢足球

36、了。,With my homework finished, I went out to play football.,原句 To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.為了阻止這樣的事再發(fā)生, 約翰。斯諾建議所有的水源都要檢查。,3. suggest (t

37、hat) sb. (should) do 建議某人做某事,例句 The doctor suggested he have a good rest. 醫(yī)生建議他要好好休息。,提醒 沒有suggest sb. to do sth.句型，但有advise sb. to do sth.句型。,仿寫 把下列句子譯成英文。⑴ 他建議我們工作后要好好休息。______________________________________

38、_______ after work.⑵ 她建議你去那里之前先打個電話。______________________________________ before you go round there.,She suggested that you (should) phone,He suggested that we (should) have a good rest,4. Only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句，后用倒裝句型

39、原句 Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當你把太陽放在中心位置上, 天空中其他行星的運動才能說得清楚。,例句 Only if you are in London can you realize its beauty.只有當你親身來到倫敦, 你才能體會到它的美。,仿寫 把

40、下列句子譯成英文。⑴ 只有用這種方法你才能在這么短的時間內(nèi)完成它。Only in this way _________________ ____________.⑵ 只有當你用心學習時, 你才能取得大的進步。Only when you put your heart into study _____________________________.,will you make great progress,難句結(jié)構(gòu)分析,原句

41、 A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位婦女，她是從寬街搬過來的，非常喜歡那里從水泵打上來的水，每天都要派人去那里運水到她家里來。(P2 B5),分析 本句主干是A woman liked the w