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1、宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理(第六版)梁小民改編Unit4Application:InternationalTrade1.Thesupplycurveshowsthequantityofagoodsuppliedbysellersthedemcurveshowsthequantityofagooddemedbybuyers.Whenthedomesticquantitysuppliedisgreaterthanthedomesticquantityd
2、emedacountrysellsthegoodtoothercountriesthusthecountrybecomeanexpterofagoodconverselythecountrybecomeanimpterofagood.2.P57圖3.Tariffisataxongoodsproducedabroadsolddomestically.Theeconomiceffectsoftariff:Thetariffraisesthe
3、domesticpricedomesticsellersarebetteroffdomesticbuyersarewseoff.Inadditionthegovernmentraisesrevenue.Firstwhenthetariffraisesthedomesticpriceabovethewldpriceitencouragesdomesticproducerstoincreaseproduction.Secondwhenthe
4、tariffraisesthepricethatdomesticgoodsconsumershavetopayitencouragesthemtoreduceconsumptionofgoods.4.Therearevariousargumentsfrestrictingtrade:protectingjobsdefendingnationalsecurityhelpinginfantindustriespreventingunfair
5、competitionrespondingtofeigntraderestrictions.Althoughsomeoftheseargumentshavesomemeritinsomecaseseconomistsbelievethatfreetradeisusuallythebetterpolicy.goodsthathavebecomerelativelylessexpensive(2)theintroductionofnewgo
6、odswhicharenotreflectedquicklyintheCPI(3)unmeasuredqualitychange3.IfthepriceofaNavysubmarinerisesthereisnoeffectontheconsumerpriceindexsinceNavysubmarinesarenotconsumergoods.ButtheGDPpriceindexisaffectedsinceNavysubmarin
7、esareincludedinGDPasapartofgovernmentpurchases.4.Sincetheoverallpriceleveldoubledbutthepriceofthecybarrosesixfoldtherealprice(thepriceadjustedfinflation)ofthecybartripled.5.Thenominalinterestrateistheinterestratepaidonal
8、oanindollarterms.Therealinterestrateistheinterestratecrectedftheeffectsofinflation.Therealinterestrateisthenominalinterestrateminustherateofinflation.Unit7ProductionGrowth1.Thefourdeterminantsofproductivityare:(1)physica
9、lcapitalwhichisthestockofequipmentstructuresthatareusedtoproducegoodsservices(2)humancapitalwhichconsistsoftheknowledgeskillsthatwkersacquirethrougheducationtrainingexperience(3)naturalresourceswhichareinputsintotheprodu
10、ctionofgoodsservicesthatareprovidedbynature(4)technologicalknowledgewhichissociety’sunderstingofthebestwaystoproducegoodsservices.2.Highersavingmeansfewerresourcesaredevotedtoconsumptionmetoproducingcapitalgoods.Therisei
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