英國自由大憲章英文版

1、1215年自由大憲章（英文）年自由大憲章（英文）11215年自由大憲章（英文）年自由大憲章（英文）TheMagnaCarta(TheGreatter)1215英國是一個(gè)沒有成文憲法的國家。他們的憲法是由一系列的文件和法案組成，其中具有奠基意義的一份，就是在1215年6月15日，由英國國王與貴族們簽訂的《大憲章》。這張書寫在羊皮紙卷上的文件在歷史上第一次限制了封建君主的權(quán)力，日后成為了英國君主立憲制的法律基石。大憲章（拉丁文MagnaCa

2、rter英文Greatter）是英國于1215年訂立的憲法，用來限制英國國王（主要是當(dāng)時(shí)的約翰）的絕對(duì)權(quán)力。訂立大憲章的主要原因是因?yàn)榻袒?、英王約翰及封建貴族對(duì)皇室權(quán)力出現(xiàn)不同的意見。大憲章要求皇室放棄部分權(quán)力，及尊重司法過程，接受王權(quán)受法律的限制。大憲章是英國在建立憲法政治這長遠(yuǎn)歷史過程的開始。Preamble:JohnbythegraceofGodkingofEnglldofIreldukeofNmyAquitainecountof

3、Anjoutothearchbishopbishopsabbotsearlsbaronsjusticiariesfesterssheriffsstewardsservantstoallhisbailiffsliegesubjectsgreetings.KnowthathavingregardtoGodfthesalvationofoursoulthoseofallourancestsheirsuntothehonofGodtheadva

4、ncementofhisholyChurchftherectifyingofourrealmwehavegrantedasunderwrittenbyadviceofourvenerablefathersStephenarchbishopofCanterburyprimateofallEnglcardinaloftheholyRomanChurchHenryarchbishopofDublinWilliamofLondonPeterof

5、WinchesterJocelynofBathGlastonburyHughofLincolnWalterofWcesterWilliamofCoventryBenedictofRochesterbishopsofMasterPulfsubdeaconmemberofthehouseholdofourldthePopeofbrotherAymeric(masteroftheKnightsoftheTempleinEngl)oftheil

6、lustriousmenWilliamMarshalearlofPembrokeWilliamearlofSalisburyWilliamearlofWarenneWilliamearlofArundelAlanofGalloway(constableofScotl)WarenFitzGeroldPeterFitzHerbertHubertDeBurgh(seneschalofPoitou)HughdeNevilleMatthewFit

7、zHerbertThomasBassetAlanBassetPhilipdAubignyRobertofRoppesleyJohnMarshalJohnFitzHughothersourliegemen.1.InthefirstplacewehavegrantedtoGodbythisourpresentterconfirmedfusourheirsfeverthattheEnglishChurchshallbefreeshallhav

8、eherrightsentireherlibertiesinviolate1215年自由大憲章（英文）年自由大憲章（英文）3wainageaccdingastheseasonofhusbryshallrequiretheissuesofthelcanreasonablebear.6.Heirsshallbemarriedwithoutdisparagementyetsothatbefethemarriagetakesplacethene

9、arestinbloodtothatheirshallhavenotice.7.Awidowafterthedeathofherhusbshallfthwithwithoutdifficultyhavehermarriageptioninheritancenshallshegiveanythingfherdowerfhermarriageptionftheinheritancewhichherhusbsheheldonthedayoft

10、hedeathofthathusbshemayremaininthehouseofherhusbfftydaysafterhisdeathwithinwhichtimeherdowershallbeassignedtoher.8.Nowidowshallbecompelledtomarrysolongasshepreferstolivewithoutahusbprovidedalwaysthatshegivessecuritynotto

11、marrywithoutourconsentifsheholdsofuswithouttheconsentoftheldofwhomsheholdsifsheholdsofanother.9.Neitherwenourbailiffswillseizeanylrentfanydebtaslongasthechattelsofthedebtaresufficienttorepaythedebtnshallthesuretiesofthed

12、ebtbedistrainedsolongastheprincipaldebtisabletosatisfythedebtiftheprincipaldebtshallfailtopaythedebthavingnothingwherewithtopayitthenthesuretiesshallanswerfthedebtletthemhavethelsrentsofthedebtiftheydesirethemuntiltheyar

13、eindemnifiedfthedebtwhichtheyhavepaidfhimunlesstheprincipaldebtcanshowproofthatheisdisgedthereofasagainstthesaidsureties.10.IfonewhohasbrowedfromtheJewsanysumgreatsmalldiebefethatloanberepaidthedebtshallnotbearinterestwh

14、iletheheirisunderageofwhomsoeverhemayholdifthedebtfallintoourhswewillnottakeanythingexcepttheprincipalsumcontainedinthebond.11.ifanyonedieindebtedtotheJewshiswifeshallhaveherdowerpaynothingofthatdebtifanychildrenofthedec

15、easedareleftunderagenecessariesshallbeprovidedftheminkeepingwiththeholdingofthedeceasedoutoftheresiduethedebtshallbepaidreservinghoweverserviceduetofeudalldsinlikemannerletitbedonetouchingdebtsduetoothersthanJews.12.Nosc