2017-2018學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)北師大版必修5課件unit-14-careers-14.1

1、單詞注釋,導(dǎo)讀誘思,做好個(gè)人工作是本分。但是,我們每個(gè)人并不是生活在真空里,總是處于一定的社會(huì)關(guān)系中。自己的工作做好了,致富了,算是本分。但如果自己富了,還能想著他人,帶動(dòng)他人致富,這是一種崇高的境界!Growing Good Corn,單詞注釋,導(dǎo)讀誘思,There was a farmer who grew very good corn.Each year,he attended the corn competition wher

2、e his corn won a blue ribbon.One year,a newspaper reporter interviewed him and learned something interesting about how he grew good corn.The reporter discovered that the farmer shared his seedcorn with his neighbours.“

3、How can you share your best seedcorn with your neighbours who also take part in the corn competition?” asked the reporter.“Why?Sir,” said the farmer,“didn’t you know?The wind picks up pollen1 from the ripening corn and

4、blows it from field to field.If my neighbours grow poor corn,cross-pollination2 will slowly lower the quality of my corn.If I am to grow good corn,I must help my neighbours grow good corn.”,單詞注釋,導(dǎo)讀誘思,The farmer is very m

5、uch aware3 of the connection of life.His corn can’t improve unless his neighbours’ corn also improves.So it is in our life.Those who choose to be at peace must help their neighbours be at peace.Those who choose to live

6、well must help others live well,for the value of life is measured by the lives it touches.And those who choose to be happy must help others find happiness,for the happiness of each is inseparable from that of all.Rememb

7、er:If we are to grow good corn,we must help our neighbours grow good corn.,單詞注釋,導(dǎo)讀誘思,1.pollen/?p?l?n/ n.花粉2.cross-pollination n.異花傳粉3.aware/??we?(r)/ adj.意識(shí)到的;知道的,單詞注釋,導(dǎo)讀誘思,What does the story mainly tell us?答案:We sho

8、uld help each other and improve our life,for the value of life is measured by the lives it touches.,一,二,三,四,五,一、趣味測(cè)試:下面是來(lái)自http://www.selectsmart.com的職業(yè)傾向測(cè)試題,請(qǐng)按照你的實(shí)際情況回答下列問(wèn)題,然后登錄該網(wǎng)站提交答案,看看最適合你的工作是什么1.Do you like jobs tha

9、t require logic rather than creativity?□Yes.　　　　□No.　　　　□No Preference.2.Do you like jobs that involve travelling and outdoors rather than an indoor office?□Yes.□No.□No Preference.3.Are you interested in a job

10、 that requires further education rather than undergraduate?□Yes.□No.□No Preference.4.Do you like entertaining people?□Yes.□No.□No Preference.,一,二,三,四,五,5.Would you like to work in a large corporate business

11、rather than in a small business or alone?□Yes.□No.□No Preference.6.Would you prefer a high paying stressful job to a lower paying less stressful job?□Yes.□No.□No Preference.答案:略,一,二,三,四,五,二、從課文中找出與下列英文釋義對(duì)應(yīng)的單詞1

12、.　　　　　　 the amount of money you have to pay for goods or services 2.　　　　　 a subject that people talk or write about  3.　　　　　　　　 a list showing the times at which particular events will happen 4.　　　　　　　　

13、 help or advice that is given to someone about their work 5.　　　　　 to ask for information or advice from someone 6.　　　　　　 not formal or not for a formal situation 7.　　　　　　　 to have an angry argument or d

14、isagreement 8.　　　　　　　 a scientist who has special knowledge and training in chemistry,charge,topic,timetable,guidance,consult,casual,quarrel,chemist,一,二,三,四,五,9.　　　　　　　　 a short statement that gives the main inform

15、ation about something 10.　　　　　　 something that you get because you have done something good 11.　　　　　　 a piece of paper showing that you have paid for something 12.　　　　　　 the money that you earn from you

16、r work or that you receive from investments,summary,reward,receipt,income,一,二,三,四,五,三、從課文中找出下列短語(yǔ)并翻譯1.give aid to 　　　　　　　　　　　 2.set an example 　　　　　　　　　　　 3.keep calm 　　　　　　　　　　　 4.take charge of 　　　　　　

17、　　　　　 5.send...off 　　　　　　　　　　　 6.quarrel with sb.　　　　　　　　　　　 7.put on 　　　　　　　　　　　 8.consult sb.about,為……提供幫助,樹(shù)立榜樣,保持平靜,掌管,負(fù)責(zé),把……發(fā)出,和某人吵架,穿上,就……請(qǐng)教某人,一,二,三,四,五,四、用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空1.I have no reason to quarr

18、el 　　　　　him. 2.Sorry,we must cancel our trip 　　　　　London next Friday. 3.Consult your doctor 　　　　　how much exercise you should attempt every day. 4.The young woman offered a reward 　　　　　$1,000 to me.

19、0;5.I should prepare the information I need 　　　　　the interview. 6.People flocked 　　　　　their thousands to see the film star. 7.How much do you charge 　　　　　a room with a bath? 8.The English teacher told

20、the class to check 　　　　　errors.,with,to,about,of,for,in,for,for,一,二,三,四,五,五、根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示,完成下列句子1.It’s so cold outside.Please tell everybody here 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(多穿些衣服). 2.He told Jim 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(不必?fù)?dān)心).He would

21、 take care of Polly. 3.It’s said that the experts 　　　　　　　　　　　　　(提出建議)to improve child health services. 4.Peter asked me 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(借給他一些錢(qián)). 5.“Don’t try 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(和那家伙交朋友),” said the you

22、ng man. 6.“　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(不要和任何人爭(zhēng)吵),” mother told me this morning.,to put on more clothes,not to worry,have given some advice,to lend him some money,to make friends with that fellow,Don’t quarrel with anyone,

23、1,2,3,4,6,7,5,1.The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat for her!這位老婦人為能找到她的貓的人提供50美元的酬金!考點(diǎn)reward n.獎(jiǎng)賞;酬金;報(bào)酬【高考典句】(2016·北京高考)However,we are not all using the same reference standard to

24、 weigh risks and rewards.然而,我們并非都是采用相同的參考標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來(lái)衡量風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和報(bào)酬。(2015·廣東高考)Peter gave the girl $300 as a reward.彼得給這個(gè)姑娘300美元作為報(bào)酬。He deserves a reward for his efforts.他積極努力,值得獎(jiǎng)賞。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,1)閱讀下列句子,體會(huì)黑體詞的詞性及含義His effor

25、t was rewarded with remarkable success.輝煌的成就就是對(duì)他努力的回報(bào)。詞性:動(dòng)詞　含義:給以回報(bào)It is within our power to reward him for that.我們有權(quán)為那件事獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他。詞性:動(dòng)詞　含義:獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),獎(jiǎng)賞,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,2)常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ):in reward for作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)reward sb.with sth.用……酬謝某人rewar

26、d sb.for...因……而酬謝某人The best way to teach your child to read is to reward him with lots of praise.教導(dǎo)孩子讀書(shū)的上策是不斷地贊美他。We rewarded him for finding our lost cat.他找回我們丟失的貓,我們因此獎(jiǎng)賞了他。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,3)辨析:reward,award,prizeThe

27、 company is now reaping the rewards of their investments.公司正在收獲他們的投資回報(bào)。Is this how you reward me for my help?這就是你對(duì)我的幫助的報(bào)酬嗎?She went to Cannes to receive the award in person.她親自前往戛納領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)。He was awarded the Nobel Prize

28、for Physics in 1985.他于1985年被授予諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。He won the first prize at the Leeds Piano Competition.他在利茲國(guó)際鋼琴比賽中榮獲一等獎(jiǎng)。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,歸納:reward用作名詞,表示對(duì)所做事情或所給予的幫助的嘉獎(jiǎng)或回報(bào),側(cè)重“賞金”或“酬金”或一些非金錢(qián)的報(bào)酬;用作動(dòng)詞,表示“報(bào)答”或“酬謝”。award用作名詞,表示由于有突出成就而

29、給予的官方獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),多指“獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金或助學(xué)金”等;用作動(dòng)詞,表示“授予,頒發(fā)”;常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)有award sb.sth.=award sth.to sb.(把……頒發(fā)給某人)。prize用作名詞,表示“在各類(lèi)競(jìng)賽、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)或抽獎(jiǎng)中得的獎(jiǎng)”。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活學(xué)活用語(yǔ)法填空1)She started singing to the baby and 　　　　　　　(reward) with a smile. 2)It’s

30、reported that 　　　　　reward will be offered to information leading to the arrest of the murder. 完成句子3)He received a medal 　　　　　　　　　　　　　his bravery. 他因勇敢獲得一枚獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆?)Those who protect the oil field 　　　　　　　　　　　.

31、60;保護(hù)油田者有獎(jiǎng)。,was rewarded,a,in reward for,will be rewarded,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,2.What is your monthly salary?你的月薪是多少?Tim gets paid an hourly wage of $20 for working in the supermarket.蒂姆在超市工作,薪酬為每小時(shí)20美元。My parents both work

32、 and our family income is about $4,000 per month.我的父母都工作,我家每個(gè)月的收入大約是4,000美元?？键c(diǎn)一salary n. 薪水,工資You’ll earn a good salary from this job.你可以從這份工作中獲得一份豐厚的薪水。He gets a basic salary plus commission.他領(lǐng)取基本薪金,外加傭金。,1,2,3,4,

33、6,7,5,考點(diǎn)二wage n.薪金,工資He works at a wage of 100 dollars a week.他做著周薪100美元的工作。He takes his wages home to his wife every Friday.他每星期五把工資帶回家交給妻子。考點(diǎn)三income n. 收入【高考典句】(2015·四川高考)This would make their yearly income

34、￡30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.這將使他們的年收入比首相多30,000英鎊。The rise in the cost of living bears hard on families living on fixed income.生活費(fèi)用的上漲對(duì)于靠固定收入為生的家庭極為不利。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,歸納:salary指一般按年算,分月發(fā)放的“薪水、工資”;wage一般指

35、工人或服務(wù)人員等體力勞動(dòng)者按天或周領(lǐng)取的“工資、工錢(qián)”;income通常指一個(gè)人在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)所獲得的“收入”。活學(xué)活用完成句子1)He was engaged at 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a month. 他以月薪一千美元受聘。2)In addition to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,I got a lot of tips. 除了每周的薪水外,我還能得到不少小費(fèi)。3)It’s someti

36、mes difficult for a family to live on 　　　　　　. 一個(gè)家只靠一份收入過(guò)活有時(shí)會(huì)很艱難。,a salary of $1,000,my weekly wage,one income,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,3.Lawyers charge higher fee than doctors.They even charge people if they think about them

37、in the shower!律師收費(fèi)比醫(yī)生高。要是他們?cè)诹茉r(shí)還想著客戶(hù)的事,他們甚至也要向客戶(hù)收費(fèi)!考點(diǎn)一charge vt. 收費(fèi),要價(jià)I’m not going there again,for they charged (me) 20 yuan for a cup of coffee!我再也不到那兒去了,因?yàn)橐槐Х染褪召M(fèi)20元!You will be charged a fee for changing your ti

38、cket.換票需要收取費(fèi)用。As long as you’ve paid in advance we won’t charge you for extra fees.只要你預(yù)先付款,我們就不收取額外的費(fèi)用。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,歸納:charge后可接表示費(fèi)用、金額之類(lèi)的詞作賓語(yǔ),也可以接人作賓語(yǔ)或接雙賓語(yǔ)。還可與介詞for連用,表示“為……收……(多少錢(qián))”。辨析:charge和cost1)The barber

39、charged me 10 yuan for the haircut.理發(fā)師為我理發(fā)收了10元錢(qián)。The haircut cost me ten yuan.(= It cost me ten yuan to have my hair cut.)理發(fā)花了我10元錢(qián)。歸納:charge表示“收費(fèi)”,動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者是人;cost表示“花費(fèi)”,其主語(yǔ)為消費(fèi)的項(xiàng)目。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,2) charge用作名詞,表示“要價(jià),收費(fèi),

40、負(fù)責(zé)”。當(dāng)作“負(fù)責(zé)”講時(shí),常見(jiàn)的短語(yǔ)有take charge of“接管,控制”;(be) in charge of“掌管,承擔(dān)責(zé)任”;(be) in the charge of sb.=(be) in sb.’s charge“由某人負(fù)責(zé)/掌管”。There is no charge for using the library.使用圖書(shū)館無(wú)須任何費(fèi)用。The organisation provides a range of se

41、rvices free of charge.該機(jī)構(gòu)提供一系列免費(fèi)服務(wù)。Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the programme?你知不知道琳達(dá)是否愿意接管這個(gè)項(xiàng)目?Children must have the chance to be educated,so they can learn to take charge of their own lives an

42、d build a brighter future.兒童應(yīng)該有接受教育的機(jī)會(huì),這樣他們才能學(xué)著掌控自己的命運(yùn)并創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更美好的未來(lái)。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,He is in charge of an important company.他掌管著一個(gè)重要的公司。The company used to be in his direct charge.該公司過(guò)去由他直接管理。3) charge用作動(dòng)詞還可表示“控告”。I t

43、hink you had better not charge him for the damages.You know,lawyers charge expensively and the game will not be worth the candle.我想,你最好不要控告他要求賠償損失了。你知道,律師收費(fèi)很高,你會(huì)得不償失的。(第一個(gè)charge意為“控告”;第二個(gè)charge意為“收費(fèi)”。),1,2,3,4,6,7,5,考點(diǎn)二

44、fee n. 服務(wù)費(fèi),學(xué)費(fèi)The doctor’s fees were higher than we expected.那位醫(yī)生收取的費(fèi)用比我們預(yù)計(jì)的要高。The lawyer gave advice to poor people for a very small fee.那位律師為窮人咨詢(xún)只收極少的費(fèi)用。Does your school charge school fees?你們學(xué)校收學(xué)費(fèi)嗎?歸納:charge和fee都有

45、“費(fèi)用”的意思。charge是普通用語(yǔ),泛指商品和服務(wù)的“費(fèi)用”;fee指付給團(tuán)體、組織的費(fèi)用,如“學(xué)費(fèi)”“會(huì)費(fèi)”,或?qū)I(yè)服務(wù)費(fèi)、咨詢(xún)費(fèi),如私人家教、醫(yī)生、律師等所收的“費(fèi)用”或“酬金”等。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活學(xué)活用改錯(cuò)1)This hotel takes ￥200 one day for a single room with a bath.2)—Can he take the charge of the compu

46、ter company?—I’m afraid it’s beyond his ability.3)They left the women in the charge of the children for a week.,答案:takes→charges,答案:去掉charge前的the,答案:去掉charge前的the,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,選詞填空4)charge和cost a.How much did he 　　

47、　　　for mending your bike? b.Repairing the car 　　　　　me a hundred dollars yesterday. c.The man 　　　　　me a hundred dollars to repair my car yesterday. 5)charge,cost和feea.The gallery charges an entrance 　　　

48、　　. b.The living 　　　　　keeps rising this year. c.You can take as many books as you like because they are free of 　　　　　.,charge,cost,charged,fee,cost,charge,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,4.You are working for an institute that

49、 gives aid to the poor in a small village.你正在一家給某個(gè)小村莊的窮人提供援助的機(jī)構(gòu)工作。剖析that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞“institute”;the poor為“定冠詞the + 形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu),表示某一類(lèi)人?？键c(diǎn)aid n. 援助,幫助China was one of the first countries to react to calls for international

50、aid.中國(guó)是最早對(duì)國(guó)際社會(huì)援助需求作出回應(yīng)的國(guó)家之一。It breaks my heart to see you like this,but I cannot come to your aid.看到你這樣,我的心都要碎了,但是我卻幫不上忙。The students are collecting money in aid of charity.學(xué)生們正在為資助慈善事業(yè)募捐。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,歸納:aid用作名詞時(shí)的

51、常用搭配:come to sb’s aid 來(lái)幫助某人in aid of sb./sth.為了幫助某人/某事with the aid of... 借助于……;在……的幫助下,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,aid用作動(dòng)詞,表示“幫助,援助”。The new test should aid in the early detection of the disease.新的試驗(yàn)應(yīng)該有助于提早檢查出這種疾病。This feature i

52、s designed to aid inexperienced users.這個(gè)特色裝置是為幫助沒(méi)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的用戶(hù)而設(shè)計(jì)的。We aid him to do it.= We aid him in doing it.我們幫他做這件事。歸納:aid用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)既可以用作不及物動(dòng)詞,也可用作及物動(dòng)詞。用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)可接幫助的對(duì)象作賓語(yǔ),也可接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),構(gòu)成aid sb.to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu),相當(dāng)于aid s

53、b.in doing sth.。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活學(xué)活用語(yǔ)法填空1)They’re raising money 　　　　　aid of cancer research. 2)I didn’t speak any French,but a nice man came 　　　　　my aid. 3)Mrs Coxen 　　　　　　　　　　　(aid) in doing housework by he

54、r children. 4)A concert was given in aid 　　　　　the flood area.,in,to,was aided,of,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,同義句轉(zhuǎn)換5)The grandson helped the old man enter the room.=The old man entered the room 　　　　　　　　　　　　　his grandson. 

55、6)We’ve aided him in finishing the work ahead of time.=We’ve aided him 　　　　　　　　　　the work ahead of time.,with the aid of,to finish,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,5.don’t quarrel with anyone不要和任何人爭(zhēng)吵考點(diǎn)quarrel vi. 爭(zhēng)吵,吵架Do not quarrel wi

56、th people if you don’t have to.盡量避免和人爭(zhēng)吵。She quarrelled with her brother about the terms of their father’s will.她和哥哥為父親遺囑條款一事?tīng)?zhēng)吵起來(lái)。She argued with her brother about the plan for trip,but after a while they began to qua

57、rrel about the places they would travel to.她和弟弟爭(zhēng)論旅行的計(jì)劃,但過(guò)了一會(huì)兒,他們開(kāi)始為將要去旅行的地點(diǎn)而爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。歸納:quarrel與with連用,表示“與……(人)爭(zhēng)吵/吵架”;與about/over連用,表示“為……(事)而爭(zhēng)吵”。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,quarrel用作名詞,表示“口角,爭(zhēng)吵,拌嘴”。She had a quarrel with her husband

58、 about who should do the housework.她與丈夫就誰(shuí)應(yīng)做家務(wù)吵了一架。They had a bitter quarrel about/over some money three years ago and they haven’t spoken to each other since.他們?nèi)昵耙驗(yàn)殄X(qián)的事激烈地吵了一架,自那以后就一直不和對(duì)方說(shuō)話了。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活學(xué)活用用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~

59、填空1)The two brothers had quarrelled 　　　　　the ownership of the farm. 2)She got into a quarrel 　　　　　her son’s coach. 完成句子3)He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　about what ought to be done. 在應(yīng)該怎么做的問(wèn)題上,他和我爭(zhēng)吵起來(lái)。4)The teacher

60、smoothed over　　　　　　　　　　between the two boys. 老師平息了兩位男孩之間的爭(zhēng)吵。,about/over,with,quarrelled with me,the quarrel,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,6.語(yǔ)法:直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ):直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號(hào)。間接引語(yǔ):用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話,不用加引號(hào)。通常是將引用的話變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句或動(dòng)詞不定式。“I like

61、 singing,”she said.(直接引語(yǔ))→She said she liked singing.(間接引語(yǔ))“Don’t touch anything,” he said.(直接引語(yǔ))→He told us not to touch anything.(間接引語(yǔ))考點(diǎn)一 直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)的變化1)若主句的謂語(yǔ)是過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài),直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要調(diào)整時(shí)態(tài):,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,6,

62、7,5,Kitty said,“I need some fresh air.”→Kitty said she needed some fresh air.Kathy said,“I’ll pick you up at nine.”→Kathy said she would pick me up at nine.The scientist said,“I spent 10 years working at the research

63、.”→The scientist said he had spent 10 years working at the research.,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,2)下列情況中,直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變:①主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為現(xiàn)在時(shí),間接引語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞可保持原來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。He says,“I had a good time last night.”→He says he had a good time the night bef

64、ore.②直接引語(yǔ)表達(dá)的是習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作、客觀事實(shí)或科學(xué)真理時(shí),變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)不變?！癟he moon moves around the earth,” the astronomer said.→The astronomer said the moon moves around the earth.考點(diǎn)二 直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),人稱(chēng)要根據(jù)句子的意思做相應(yīng)的變化?！癢hich one will you take?” the sh

65、op assistant asked me.→The shop assistant asked me which one I would take.,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,考點(diǎn)三 直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)指示代詞、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和個(gè)別動(dòng)詞的變化如下表。,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,1,2,3,4,6,7,5,May said to Jennifer,“I will bring some photos here for you to

66、morrow.”→May told Jennifer she would take some photos there for her the next day.注意:如果句子意思并無(wú)改變就不必改變這些詞。例如在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述,here 不必改為there,動(dòng)詞come 不必改為go。 如果在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn)述,yesterday和tomorrow這些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。Mrs Winston said,“I will come here tom

67、orrow afternoon.”→Mrs Winston said she would come here tomorrow afternoon.(今天還在同樣的地方轉(zhuǎn)述這句話),1,2,3,4,6,7,5,活學(xué)活用把下列直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引語(yǔ)1)My father said,“I hope you will grow up to be a teacher.”2)My mother said,“You can choose yo

68、ur own direction.”3)My grandmother said,“I had a difficult childhood.”4)My grandfather said,“I worked on a farm before coming to America.”5)My parents said,“Well done is better than well said.”,答案:My father said h

69、e hoped I would grow up to be a teacher.,答案:My mother said that I could choose my own direction.,答案:My grandmother said she (had) had a difficult childhood.,答案:My grandfather said he (had) worked on a farm before coming