英美文學(xué)名詞解釋

1、01.Humanism(人文主義)HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.2itemphasizesthedignityofhumanbeingstheimptanceofthepresentlife.Humanistsvoicedtheirbeliefsthatmanwasthecenteroftheuniversemandidnotonlyhavetherighttoenjoythebeautyof

2、thepresentlifebuthadtheabilitytoperfecthimselftoperfmwonders.02.Renaissance(文藝復(fù)興)Thewd“Renaissance”means“rebirth”itmeantthereintroductionintowestermEuropeofthefullculturalheritageofGreeceRome.2theessenceoftheRenaissancei

3、sHumanism.Attitudesfeelingswhichhadbeenacteristicofthe14th15thcenturiespersistedwelldownintotheeraofHumanismrefmation.3therealmainstreamoftheenglishRenaissanceistheElizabethandramawithwilliamshakespearebeingtheleadingdra

4、matist.03.Metaphysicalpoetry(玄學(xué)派詩歌)Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonamethewkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.2witharebelliousspirittheMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashi

5、onoftheElizabethanlovepoetry.3thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethantheNeoclassicalperiodsechoesthewdscadencesofcommonspeech.4theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.04.Classism(古典主義)Classismreferstoamovementtenden

6、cyinartliteraturemusicthatreflectstheprinciplesmanifestedintheartofancientGreeceRome.Classicismemphasizesthetraditionaltheuniversalplacesvalueonreasonclaritybalanceder.Classicismwithitsconcernfreasonuniversalthemesistrad

7、itionallyopposedtoRomanticismwhichisconcernedwithemotionspersonalthemes.05.Enlightenment(啟蒙運(yùn)動)EnlightenmentmovementwasaprogressivephilosophicalartisticmovementwhichflourishedinfrancesweptthroughwesternEuropeinthe18thcent

8、ury.2themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissancefrom14thcenturytothe17thcentury.3itspurposewastoenlightenthewholewldwiththelightofmodernphilosophicalartisticideas.4itcelebratedreasonrationalityequalityscience.Itadvocatedu

9、niversaleducation.5famousamongthegreatenlightenersinenglwerethosegreatwriterslikeAlexerpope.Jonathanswift.etc.06.Neoclassicism(新古典主義)Inthefieldofliteraturetheenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldcla

10、ssicalwks.2thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatfmsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalwksoftheancientGreekRomanwriterssuchAccdingtotheaesthetesallartisticcreationisabsolutelysubjectiveasop

11、posedtoobjective.Artshouldbefreefromanyinfluenceofegoism.Onlywhenartisfart’ssakecanitbeimmtal.Theybelievedthatartshouldbeunconcernedwithcontroversialissuessuchaspoliticsmalitythatitshouldberestrictedtocontributingbeautyi

12、nahighlypolishedstyle.4ThisisoneofthereactionsagainstthematerialismcommercialismoftheVictianindustrialeraaswellasareactionagainstthevictianconventionofartfmality’ssakeartfmoney’ssake.美學(xué)運(yùn)動的基本原則”為藝術(shù)而藝術(shù)”最初由法國詩人西奧費(fèi)爾.高締爾提出英國運(yùn)

13、用該美學(xué)理論的第一人是沃爾特.佩特.美學(xué)主義崇尚藝術(shù)高于生活認(rèn)為生活應(yīng)模仿藝術(shù)而不是藝術(shù)模仿生活.在美學(xué)主義看來所有的藝術(shù)創(chuàng)作都是絕對主觀而非客觀的產(chǎn)物.藝術(shù)不應(yīng)受任何功利的影響只有當(dāng)藝術(shù)為藝術(shù)而創(chuàng)作時藝術(shù)才能成為不朽之作.他們還認(rèn)為藝術(shù)不應(yīng)只關(guān)注一些熱點(diǎn)話題如政治和道德問題藝術(shù)應(yīng)著力于以華麗的風(fēng)格張揚(yáng)美.這是對維多利亞工業(yè)發(fā)展時期物質(zhì)崇拜的一種回應(yīng)也是向藝術(shù)為道德或為金錢而服務(wù)的維多利亞傳統(tǒng)的挑戰(zhàn).12.Thevictianperio

14、d(維多利亞)Inthisperiodthenovelbecamethemostwidelyreadthemostvitalchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.Whilestickingtotheprincipleoffaithfulrepresentationofthe18thcenturyrealistnovelnovelistsinthisperiodcarriedtheirduty

15、fwardtocriticismofthesocietythedefenseofthemass.2althoughwritingfromdifferentpointsofviewwithdifferenttechniquestheysharedonethingincommonthatistheywereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople.Theywereangrywiththeinhuma

16、nsocialinstitutionsthedecayingsocialmalityasrepresentedbythemoneywshipUtilitarianismthewidespreadmiserypovertyinjustice.3theirtruthfulpictureofpeople’slifebitterstrongcriticismofthesocietyhaddonemuchinawakeningthepublicc

17、onsciousnesstothesocialproblemsintheactualimprovementofthesociety.4lesDickensistheleadingfigureoftheVictianperiod.13.Modernism(現(xiàn)代主義)Modernismiscomprehensivebutvaguetermfamovementwhichbegininthelate19thcenturywhichhashada

18、wideinfluenceinternationallyduringmuchofthe20thcentury.2modernismtakestheirrationalphilosophythetheyofpsychoanalysisasitstheeticalcase.3thetermpertainstoallthecreativearts.Especiallypoetryfictiondramapaintingmusicarchite

19、cture.4inenglfromearlyinthe20thcenturyduringthe1920s1930sinAmericafromshtlybefethefirstwldwaronduringtheinterwarperiodmodernisttendencieswereattheirmostactivefruitful.5asfarasliteratureisconcernedModernismrevealsabreakin