businesseconomics商業(yè)經濟學essay范文

1、BusinessEconomics商業(yè)經濟學essay范文最重要的方面是國際貿易商業(yè)經濟學各國之間在很大程度上取決于彼此買賣產品在世界市場的要求BusinessEconomics經濟學的橘色目錄介紹1。供給和需求是如何影響匯率的外幣嗎2。了解各種貿易壁壘制度的有效性這些實體實施制裁3。積極影響增加經濟效益的歐洲聯盟結論書目介紹其中一個最重要的方面是國際貿易商業(yè)經濟學各國之間在很大程度上取決于彼此買賣產品在世界市場的要求。身為交換貨物和服

2、務的國家之間、國際貿易的基礎是世界經濟給予一個機會讓各種生產銷售商品而不是利潤國外受國家邊界。然而國際貿易不僅有利于單一生產者它也會利用不同的國家作為一個整體。例如一個國家擁有無顯著的自然資源如煤和天然氣將能夠在世界市場上購買使用金錢它獲得例如從銷售輕工產品。有多個國家開展國際貿易的原因。最重要的原因是降低生產成本在一些地區(qū)缺乏礦產資源專門的行業(yè)分散的位置不同口味和別人。國際貿易已相當長的歷史然而它實現了重要性比率最高的國家在最近幾年由

3、于全球化的進程導致該開放邊界和商品和服務的自由流通。國際貿易發(fā)展產生的影響許多國家的一種積極的態(tài)度但是不可否認的領導人的世界貿易countriesmembers是美國和歐盟。比例的產品的供給和需求決定了在世界市場波動的匯率這是不同的國家的一個關鍵指標顯示出的經濟水平穩(wěn)定的國家。國家相對公司匯率(匯率波動這在一定邊界)通常比那些更好的發(fā)展其匯率是不斷變化的?；靵y盡管所有的正面影響國際貿易有一定的缺點的國際貿易對于某些群體的國家為了消除這些

4、負面影響國家的貿易壁壘消除處以一定數量的進口商品或刺激出口。建立歐盟和世界貿易組織國際貿易已收到更多的注意力從政府和企業(yè)他們正試圖盡他們最大的努力來獲得利潤。TableofContentsIntroductionmuchmoneyresidentsofthecountrypayfthegoodsthatarebeingimptedhowmuchmoneytheywillgetfthegoodsthatarebeingexpted.Inc

5、asewhenthevalueofthecurrencydecreasespeoplehavetopaymeftheimptedgoodswhichbecomemeexpensiveinrelationtothevalueofthecurrency.Insuchasituationacountrywillhavetoreducetheamountoftheimptedgoods.Onthecontraryfeigncountrieste

6、ndtopurchasemeofthecountry’sgoodsbecausetheybecomelessexpensivewhichresultsintheincreaseofexpts.Fmanyyearseconomistshavebeentryingtostudythenatureoftheexchangeratesindertofindoutwhatfactsinfluenceit.Howeverin1944represen

7、tativesofindustrializedcountrieswhometinBrettonWoodsNewHampshiredecidedto“fixtherateofexchangefallfeigncurrenciestotheU.S.dollar”[6]totiedollartothegoldindertohaveafixedpriceofit.Atthattimeitwasconsideredthatfixedexchang

8、erateoftheU.S.dollarwillprovideinternationalstability.Howeverthesystemdidnotwkindeedcausedafasterpaceofinflationinthefeigncountries.Accdingtotheauthsofthebook“ExchangeRateDynamics:ANewOpenEconomyMacroeconomicsPerspective

9、”“Exchangeratedeterminationhasbeenthe“holygrail”ofinternationalfinancemacroeconomicseversincethecollapseoftheBrettonWoodsregimein1971theensuingperiodofhighexchangeratevolatility”[3].Nowadaystheexchangerateofthemajityofwl

10、dcurrenciesisfloatingwhichmeansthatthereisnoexactvalueofanycurrencythatisfixeditischangingduetothemultiplefacts.Majfactsinfluencingtheexchangerateofanycurrencyisthesupplydemofthegivencurrencyattheinternationalexchangemar

11、ketswhicharemarketswhereonecurrencyistradedintoanotherone.Besidessupplydemofcurrencyotherfactsalsoinfluenceitsexchangeratewhichinclude:interestrateinflationinvestmenttradebalanceothers.Nogovernmentcancontrolexchangerateo

12、fanycurrencyhoweverthepricesoffeigncurrenciesareestablishedattheFEX(feignexchange)marketbymeansofthelawsofsupplydem.Pricefanycurrencyisdeterminedbytheagents’desirewhoparticipateinFEXtopurchasesellgivencurrencyaimingatmak

13、ingprofitduringsuchtransactions.Fluctuationofexchangeratescomplieswiththelawsofsupplydemofmoney.Fexampleaccdingtothelawofsupplyifthepricefcurrencyincreasesitsquantityofferedtosellinthemarketwillalsoincreaseonthecontraryi

14、fpricedeclinesthequantityofferedwilldecrease.Accdingtothelawofdemifthepricefmoneyrisesthedemfitwilldeclinewhileitwillrisetogetherwiththedecreaseofpricesfcurrency.ThesetwoprinciplesdeterminepricefluctuationattheFEXmarket.

15、Howeverexchangerateisnotonlyrelatedtosupplydemofmoney.Italsocloselyinteractswiththesupplydemoffeigngoodsserviceswhicharetradedattheinternationalmarket.FexampleifthepriceoffeigncurrencywillbelowerinU.S.dollarsit“willlower

16、thepriceoffeigngoodstoU.S.residentsraiseimpts[2]itwillalso“raisethepriceofU.S.goodstofeignerslowerexpts”[2].2.UnderstingVariousTypesofTradeBarrierstheEffectivenessofInstitutionalEntitiesWhichImposeThemBefenamingexplainin

17、gvarioustypesoftradebarriersitisnecessarytodeterminethemeaningofatradebarrier.Tradebarriersareknowntobegovernmentlawsregulationspoliciespracticeswhicharedesignedtorestricttheamountvarietyofimptedgoodswiththegoaltoprotect