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1、新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)1Lesson1Wecanreadofthingsthathappened5000yearsagointheNearEastwherepeoplefirstlearnedtowrite.Buttherearesomepartsofthewldwhereevennowpeoplecannotwrite.Theonlywaythattheycanpreservetheirhistyistorecountitassagasle

2、gendsheddownfromonegenerationofstytellerstoanother.Theselegendsareusefulbecausetheycantellussomethingaboutmigrationsofpeoplewholivedlongagobutnonecouldwritedownwhattheydid.Anthropologistswonderedwheretheremoteancestsofth

3、ePolynesianpeoplesnowlivinginthePacificIslscamefrom.ThesagasofthesepeopleexplainthatsomeofthemcamefromIndonesiaabout2000yearsago.Butthefirstpeoplewhowerelikeourselveslivedsolongagothateventheirsagasiftheyhadanyarefgotten

4、.Soarchaeologistshaveneitherhistynlegendstohelpthemtofindoutwherethefirstmodernmencamefrom.Ftunatelyhoweverancientmenmadetoolsofstoneespeciallyflintbecausethisiseasiertoshapethanotherkinds.Theymayalsohaveusedwoodskinsbut

5、thesehaverottedaway.Stonedoesnotdecaysothetoolsoflongagohaveremainedwheneventhebonesofthemenwhomadethemhavedisappearedwithouttrace.Lesson2WhyyoumaywondershouldspidersbeourfriendsBecausetheydestroysomanyinsectsinsectsincl

6、udesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossiblefustoliveinthewldtheywoulddevourallourcropskillourflocksherdsifitwerenotftheprotectionwegetfrominsecteatinganimals.Weowealottothebirdsbeastswhoeatinse

7、ctsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Meoverunlikesomeoftheotherinsecteatersspidersneverdotheleastharmtousourbelongings.Spidersarenotinsectsasmanypeoplethinknevennearlyrelatedtothem.One

8、cantellthedifferencealmostataglancefaspideralwayshaseightlegsaninsectnevermethansix.HowmanyspidersareengagedinthiswkonourbehalfOneauthityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEnglheestimatedthattherewe

9、remethan2250000inoneacrethatissomethinglike6000000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyfatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Itisimpossibletomakemethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykillbuttheyarehungrycreatu

10、resnotcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.Lesson3Modernalpiniststrytoclimbmounta

11、insbyaroutewhichwillgivethemgoodsptthemedifficultitisthemehighlyitisregarded.Inthepioneeringdayshoweverthiswasnotthecaseatall.Theearlyclimberswerelookingftheeasiestwaytothetopbecausethesummitwastheprizetheysoughtespecial

12、lyifithadneverbeenattainedbefe.Itistruethatduringtheirexplationstheyoftenfaceddifficultiesdangersofthemostperilousnatureequippedinamannerwhichwouldmakeamodernclimbershudderatthethoughtbuttheydidnotgooutoftheirwaytocourts

13、uchexcitement.Theyhadasingleaimasolitarygoalthetop!新概念英語(yǔ)第四冊(cè)3oftheirintelligence.AllthismanyotherthingsremainalmostasmuchamysteryastheywerewhentheFrenchexplerDuChaillufirstdescribedtheanimaltothecivilizedwldacenturyago.Th

14、eAbominableSnowmanwhohauntstheimaginationofclimbersintheHimalayasishardlymeelusive.Lesson6Peoplearealwaystalkingabouttheproblemofyouth.Ifthereisone—whichItakeleavetodoubtthenitisolderpeoplewhocreateitnottheyoungthemselve

15、s.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsagreethattheyoungareafterallhumanbeingspeoplejustliketheirelders.Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanayoungone:theyoungmanhasagliousfuturebefehimtheoldonehasasplendidfuturebehindhim:maybeth

16、atiswheretherubis.WhenIwasateenagerIfeltthatIwasjustyounguncertainthatIwasanewboyinahugeschoolIwouldhavebeenverypleasedtoberegardedassomethingsointerestingasaproblem.Fonethingbeingaproblemgivesyouacertainidentitythatison

17、eofthethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedinseeking.Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedomtheyhavenotadrearycommitmenttomeanambitionsloveofcomft.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimberstheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.Allthi

18、sseemstometolinkthemwithlifetheiginsofthings.Itsasiftheywereinsomesensecosmicbeingsinviolentanlovelycontrastwithussuburbancreatures.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybeconceitedillmanneredpresumptuousoffatuousb

19、utIdonotturnfprotectiontodrearyclichesaboutrespectfeldersasifmereagewereareasonfrespect.IacceptthatweareequalsIwillarguewithhimasanequalifIthinkheiswrong.Lesson7IamalwaysamazedwhenIhearpeoplesayingthatsptcreatesgoodwillb

20、etweenthenationsthatifonlythecommonpeoplesofthewldcouldmeetoneanotheratfootballcrickettheywouldhavenoinclinationtomeetonthebattlefield.Evenifonedidntknowfromconcreteexamples(the1936OlympicGamesfinstance)thatinternational

21、sptingcontestsleadtogiesofhatredonecoulddeduceitfromgeneralprinciples.Nearlyallthesptspractisednowadaysarecompetitive.Youplaytowinthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.Onthevillagegreenwhereyoupickupsidesnofe

22、elingoflocalpatriotismisinvolveditispossibletoplaysimplyfthefunexercise:butassoonasthequestionofprestigearisesassoonasyoufeelthatyousomelargerunitwillbedisgracedifyoulosethemostsavagecombativeinstinctsarearoused.Anyonewh

23、ohasplayedeveninaschoolfootballmatchknowsthis.Attheinternationallevelsptisfranklymimicwarfare.Butthesignificantthingisnotthebehaviouroftheplayersbuttheattitudeofthespectats:behindthespectatsofthenations.whowkthemselvesin

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