hl-005 路由器基礎(chǔ)及配置v5.1

1、HL-005 路由器基礎(chǔ)及配置,ISSUE 5.1,日期：,杭州華三通信技術(shù)有限公司 版權(quán)所有，未經(jīng)授權(quán)不得使用與傳播,,,掌握路由器基本原理能夠利用一些常用命令配置路由器能夠升級路由器,課程目標(biāo),學(xué)習(xí)完本課程，您應(yīng)該能夠：,路由器基礎(chǔ)路由器配置命令行簡介升級路由器,目錄,路由器的概念及基本構(gòu)成,路由器 - 工作在 OSI 參考模型第三層的網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備 用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連的設(shè)備 作為路由器，必須具備： 兩個或兩個以上的接口 協(xié)議

2、至少向上實(shí)現(xiàn)到網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 具有存儲、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)、尋徑功能,路由器的作用,路由器的核心作用是實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連 分組數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) 路由（尋徑）：路由表建立、刷新、查找 子網(wǎng)間的速率適配 隔離網(wǎng)絡(luò)，防止網(wǎng)絡(luò)風(fēng)暴，制定訪問規(guī)則（防火墻） 異種網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連,路由器工作流程,路由表,路由表內(nèi)容示例,AR28-31,,備份口,,配置口,路由器基礎(chǔ)路由器配置命令行簡介升級路由器,目錄,配置路由器,通過Console口配置 通過撥號遠(yuǎn)程配置 通過Teln

3、et方式配置 通過啞終端方式配置 通過FTP方式傳送配置文件,通過Console口配置,建立本地配置環(huán)境,步驟一：連接配置電纜,RJ45頭一端接在路由器的Console口上 9針（或25針）RS232接口一端接在計(jì)算機(jī)的串行口上,步驟二：創(chuàng)建超級終端（1）,以WINDOWS98 所帶的“超級終端”為例 點(diǎn)擊“開始 ”→“程序”→“附件”→“超級終端” 進(jìn)入“超級終端”目錄后，選擇“Hypertrm”，即可新建一“超級終端”,

4、步驟二：創(chuàng)建超級終端（2）,通過撥號線路配置路由器,將路由器和PC分別與Modem連接,備份電纜,,,,Modem,Modem,,,PSTN/ISDN,通過Telnet配置本地路由器,[H3C-Ethernet0/0]ip address 10.0.0.100 24 缺省的telnet登錄用戶名：admin 口令：admin,通過啞終端配置,,,,[H3C-Serial0/0]physical-mode async,同/異步串口,通

5、過FTP配置,在路由器上啟動FTP服務(wù)器在終端上啟動FTP客戶端程序,,,,FTP server10.110.0.1,FTP client10.110.0.2,,Ethernet,路由器基礎(chǔ)路由器配置命令行簡介升級路由器,目錄,命令行概述,用戶視圖 系統(tǒng)視圖 RIP視圖 OSPF視圖 BGP視圖 以太網(wǎng)接口視圖 同步串口視圖 Dialer接口視圖,進(jìn)入路由器配置界面,Use

6、r interface Con 0 is available. Press ENTER to get started. ,用戶視圖常用命令,?,系統(tǒng)視圖常用命令,system-view[H3C]?,接口視圖命令,[H3C]interface s0/0 [H3C-Serial0/0]？,,在線幫助,[H3C] display ?,命令行錯誤信息,[H3C]dispaly ? ^% Un

7、recognized command found at '^' position. [H3C]display ^ % Incomplete command found at '^' position. [H3C]display interface Serial 0/0 0

8、 ^ % Too many parameters found at '^' position.,歷史命令display history-command補(bǔ)全命令使用Tab鍵查看歷史記錄使用↑ ↓鍵使用Ctrl ＋P快捷鍵,歷史命令,編輯特性,普通按鍵 輸入字符到當(dāng)前光標(biāo)位置 退格鍵BackSpace 刪除光標(biāo)位置的前一個字符 刪除鍵

9、Delete 刪除光標(biāo)位置字符 左光標(biāo)鍵← 光標(biāo)向左移動一個字符位置 右光標(biāo)鍵→ 光標(biāo)向右移動一個字符位置 上下光標(biāo)鍵↑↓ 顯示歷史命令,Language中英文顯示方式切換暫停顯示時鍵入Ctrl+c停止顯示和命令執(zhí)行暫停顯示時鍵入空格鍵繼續(xù)顯示下一屏信息暫停顯示時鍵入回車鍵繼續(xù)顯示下一行信息,顯示特性,路由器基礎(chǔ)路由器配置命令行簡介升級路由器,目錄

10、,口令忘了！怎么辦？,進(jìn)入系統(tǒng)的口令忘了？重啟路由器按下Ctrl+B輸入Bootrom密碼選擇清除密碼，重啟路由器修改密碼,升級路由器,通過Console口升級通過FTP升級通過TFTP升級,通過Console口升級路由器,Boot Menu: 1: Download application program with XMODEM 2: Download application program wi

11、th NET 3: Set application file type 4: Display applications in Flash 5: Clear application password 6: Start up and ignore configuration 7: Enter debugging environment 8: Boot Rom Opera

12、tion Menu 9: Do not check the version of the software a: Exit and reboot,通過Console口升級路由器（續(xù)）,通過FTP升級路由器,,啟動FTP服務(wù)器功能[H3C]ftp server enable 增加用戶名并設(shè)置密碼 [H3C]local-user tt [H3C-luser-tt]service-type ftp [H3C-

13、luser-tt]password simple tt,通過TFTP升級路由器,,TFTP server10.110.0.1,TFTP client10.110.0.2,,Ethernet,選擇指定的以太口在配置電腦上運(yùn)行TFTP服務(wù)器程序指定應(yīng)用程序所在的路徑運(yùn)行超級終端,,,通過TFTP升級路由器,Boot Menu: 1: Download application program with XMODEM

14、 2: Download application program with NET 3: Set application file type 4: Display applications in Flash 5: Clear application password 6: Start up and ignore configuration 7: Enter debuggi

15、ng environment 8: Boot Rom Operation Menu 9: Do not check the version of the software a: Exit and reboot,路由器重啟后按Ctrl+B在BOOT Menu下修改參數(shù)(IP地址,文件名等等),基本操作命令,系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)和系統(tǒng)信息查看命令：display調(diào)試命令：debugging測試工具：ping、t

16、racert,常用display命令,display version display current-configuration display interface,display version,dis version H3C Comware Platform SoftwareComware software, Version 5.20, 1204P04, StandardCopyright(c) 2004-2007 Han

17、gzhou H3C Technology Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.H3C AR28-31 uptime is 0 week, 0 day, 6 hours, 32 minutesLast reboot 2007/03/22 09:00:45System returned to ROM By Power-up.CPU type: FREESCALE PowerPC 8248 400MHz25

18、6M bytes SDRAM Memory4M bytes Flash MemoryPcb Version: 3.0Logic Version: 3.0Basic BootROM Version: 2.07Extend BootROM Version: 2.07[SLOT 0]CON (Hardware)3.0, (Driver)1.0,

19、 (Cpld)3.0[SLOT 0]AUX (Hardware)3.0, (Driver)1.0, (Cpld)3.0,display current-configuration,[H3C]display current-configuration# sysname H3C# FTP server enable# local-server nas-ip 127.0.0.1 key h3c

20、# domain default enable system#radius scheme system server-type h3c primary authentication 127.0.0.1 1645 primary accounting 127.0.0.1 1646 user-name-format without-domain#domain system access-limit disable st

21、ate active………#,display interface顯示接口信息,[H3C]display interface Serial 1/1Serial1/1 current state :UPLine protocol current state :UPDescription : Serial1/1 InterfaceThe Maximum Transmit Unit is 1500, Hold timer is 1

22、0(sec)Internet protocol processing : disabledInternet Address is 10.0.0.1/8 Link layer protocol is PPPLCP initialOutput queue : (Urgent queue : Size/Length/Discards) 0/50/0Output queue : (Protocol queue : Size/Len

23、gth/Discards) 0/500/0Output queue : (FIFO queuing : Size/Length/Discards) 0/75/0Physical layer is synchronous,Baudrate is 64000 bps, Interface has no cable Last 300 seconds input rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/

24、sec Last 300 seconds output rate 0.00 bytes/sec, 0.00 packets/sec Input: 0 packets, 0 bytes 0 broadcasts, 0 multicasts 0 errors, 0 runts, 0 giants 0 CRC, 0 align errors, 0 overrun

25、s 0 dribbles, 0 aborts, 0 no buffers 0 frame errors Output:0 packets, 0 bytes 0 errors, 0 underruns, 0 collisions 0 deferred DCD=UP DTR=UP DSR=UP RTS=UP CTS=UP,term

26、inal debuggingdebugging ? all All debugging functionsarp ARP moduleaspf ASPF moduleatm ATM modulebgp BGP modulebridge Debugging bridgedhcp

27、 DHCP moduledialer DCC moduledlsw Data Link Switching moduledns Domain name system module,調(diào)試命令：debugging,ping: 測試命令,[H3C]ping 11.1.1.1 PING 11.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to

28、 break Reply from 11.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=0 ttl=255 time = 31 ms Reply from 11.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time = 31 ms Reply from 11.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time = 32 ms Reply from

29、11.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time = 31 ms Reply from 11.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time = 31 ms --- 11.1.1.1 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted 5 packets received 0.00% packet l

30、oss round-trip min/avg/max = 31/31/32 ms,tracert: 測試命令,[H3C]tracert 10.110.201.186 traceroute to 10.110.201.186(10.110.201.186) 30 hops max,40 bytes packet 1 11.1.1.1 29 ms 22 ms 21 ms 2 10.110.201.186