basic computer english

1、China Software Talent Training Project中國(guó)軟件專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)工程Basic Computer English 基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算機(jī)英語 2009年上學(xué)期課件 Made by Miss Zou 婁底威爾軟件教育基地,Basic Computer English 基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算機(jī)英語第一章

2、 第A節(jié)●the History of Computer●What is a computer?A computer is a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all according to a series of stored instructions.計(jì)算機(jī)即為可根據(jù)一系列指令輸入數(shù)據(jù)、處理數(shù)據(jù)、存儲(chǔ)數(shù)

3、據(jù)，并將結(jié)果輸出的設(shè)備。,Basic Computer English 基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算機(jī)英語第一章 第A節(jié)●the History of Computer●What is a computer?A computer is a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output, all accordin

4、g to a series of stored instructions.計(jì)算機(jī)即為可根據(jù)一系列指令輸入數(shù)據(jù)、處理數(shù)據(jù)、存儲(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)，并將結(jié)果輸出的設(shè)備。,Computer input is whatever is typed, submitted, or transmitted to a computer system. 計(jì)算機(jī)輸入指將數(shù)據(jù)鍵入、提交或?qū)氲接?jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。Data refers to the symbols that

5、represent facts, objects, and ideas. 數(shù)據(jù)指的是表示事、物和概念的符號(hào)。Computers manipulate data in many ways, and this manipulation is called processing.計(jì)算機(jī)通過各種方式對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算，這種計(jì)算稱為處理。,The series of instructions that tell a computer how t

6、o carry out processing tasks is referred to as a computer program, or simply a “program”告訴計(jì)算機(jī)如何對(duì)各項(xiàng)任務(wù)進(jìn)行處理的一系列指令稱為計(jì)算機(jī)程序， 簡(jiǎn)稱“程序”。These programs form the software that sets up a computer to do a specific task. 安裝在計(jì)算機(jī)上處理特定

7、任務(wù)的程序稱為軟件。In a computer, most processing takes place in a component called the central processing unit (CPU)在計(jì)算機(jī)里，大多數(shù)的處理行為由一個(gè)叫中央處理器（CPU）的部件完成。,Memory is an area of a computer that temporarily holds data waiting to be p

8、rocessed, stored, or output.內(nèi)存可暫保存待處理的、已存儲(chǔ)的或輸出的數(shù)據(jù)。Storage is the area where data can be left on a permanent basis when it is not immediately needed for processing.存儲(chǔ)器則保存那些需要永久保留的、無需即刻進(jìn)行處理的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。Output is the result pr

9、oduced by a computer.輸出是指計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。,Computer Categories 計(jì)算機(jī)的種類Microcomputer、personal computer、desktop computer、notebook computer 、tablet computer、handheld computer微型計(jì)算機(jī)、個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)、桌上電腦、筆記本電腦、平板電腦、掌上電腦,A microcomputer coul

10、d be clearly differentiated from computers in other categories because its CPU consisted of a single “chip” called a microprocessor.微型計(jì)算機(jī)明顯區(qū)別于其他類型的計(jì)算機(jī)的是，其CPU僅由單一“芯片”組成，這種芯片稱為微處理器。,What is a personal computer?什么是個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)？

11、A personal computer is a type of microcomputer designed to meet the computing needs of an individual.Personal computers are available as desktop computers, notebook computers, or tablet computers.個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)是指為切合個(gè)體的需要而專門設(shè)計(jì)的微

12、型計(jì)算機(jī)。個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)包括桌上電腦、筆記本電腦和平板電腦。,What are the characteristics of desktop computers?桌上電腦有哪些特點(diǎn)？A desktop computer fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet.How do notebook computers differ from desktop

13、s?筆記本電腦和桌上電腦有何不同？A notebook (also referred to as a “l(fā)aptop”) , is a small, lightweight personal computer that incorporates screen, keyboard, storage, and processing component into a single portable unit.,What is a tabl

14、et computer?什么是平板電腦？A tablet computer is a portable computing device featuring a touch-sensitive screen that can be used as a writing or drawing pad.平板電腦是使用觸摸屏，進(jìn)行手寫輸入的便攜式計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備。What is a handheld computer?什么是掌上電腦？掌上

15、電腦具有袖珍鍵盤或觸摸屏，體積如衣服口袋般小巧，電池供電，使用時(shí)握在掌中。,Summary 小結(jié)Key words: computer, input, process, data, store, output, keyboard, mouse, screen, printer, program, software, CPU, memory, storage, microcomputer, microprocessor, persona

16、l computer, desktop computer, notebook computer, tablet computer, handheld computer,Homework 家庭作業(yè) Copy all the key words, every word five times抄寫所有重點(diǎn)單詞，每個(gè)寫5遍。,Workstation 工作站計(jì)算機(jī) 通常指專為特殊工作而設(shè)計(jì)，功能強(qiáng)大的桌上電腦。這種計(jì)算機(jī)能高速處理工作任

17、務(wù)，如醫(yī)學(xué)成像和計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)。Computers advertised as workstations are usually powerful desktop computers designed for specialized tasks. A workstation can tackle tasks that require a lot of processing speed, such as medical imaging

18、and computer-aided design.( CAD),Videogame console 視頻游戲控制臺(tái)A game device ,can not be called computer, it should be connected to a TV set and provide only a pair of joysticks for input.一種游戲設(shè)備，必須連接在電視機(jī)上，且僅有一對(duì)控制手柄。Mainf

19、rame computer 大型計(jì)算機(jī)Mainframes are generally used by businesses or governments to provide centralized storage, processing, and management for large amounts of data.通常用于對(duì)耐久運(yùn)行、數(shù)據(jù)安全和中央控制等方面有特殊要求的企業(yè)和政府部門，可進(jìn)行中央存儲(chǔ)、處理、管理數(shù)量龐大的

20、數(shù)據(jù)。,Super computer 超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)Supercomputers can tackle complex tasks that just would not be practical for other computers. Common uses for supercomputers include breaking codes, modeling worldwide weather systems, and sim

21、ulating nuclear explosions. 它能處理其他普通類型計(jì)算機(jī)無法處理的工作。超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)常用于解碼、制作全球氣候系統(tǒng)模型、模擬核爆。,Key words:Workstation 工作站計(jì)算機(jī)medical imaging 醫(yī)學(xué)成像computer-aided design ( CAD） 計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)Videogame console 視頻游戲控制臺(tái)Mainframe computer 大型

22、計(jì)算機(jī)centralized storage 中央存儲(chǔ)Super computer 超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)breaking codes 解碼,data representation 數(shù)據(jù)處理digital device 數(shù)字設(shè)備analog device 模擬設(shè)備Binary digits 二進(jìn)制位Binary number system 二進(jìn)制位系統(tǒng)Decimal 十進(jìn)制 binary 二進(jìn)制AS

23、CII American Standard Code for Information Interchange 美國(guó)信息交換標(biāo)準(zhǔn)代碼,1.file n. 文件；v. 保存文件 2. command n. 命令，指令 3.line n. (數(shù)據(jù)，程序)行，線路 4.cursor n. 光標(biāo) 5.menu n. 菜單，目錄 6. character n. 字符，符號(hào)，特性 7.current n. 電流 8.dis

24、k n. 盤，磁盤 9.drive v. 驅(qū)動(dòng)；n. 驅(qū)動(dòng)器 10.database n. 數(shù)據(jù)庫,11.delete vt. 刪除，刪去，作廢 12.enter v. 鍵入，送入 13.select vt. 選擇14.tab n. 制表鍵15. string n. 行，字符串 16.function n. 函數(shù)，功能，操作 17. insert vt. 插入 18.value n. 值 19.i

25、ndex n. 索引，變址，指數(shù) 20.filename n. 文件名,21.copy n. 復(fù)制，v. 拷貝 22.edit vt. 編輯，編排，編篡 23.parameter n. 參數(shù)，參變量 24.button n. 按鈕 25.user n. 用戶 26.page n. 頁面，頁，版面 27.label n. 標(biāo)簽，標(biāo)號(hào)，標(biāo)識(shí)符 28.dos 磁盤操作系統(tǒng) 29.modify vt. 修改，改變，變址

26、,30.locate vt. 定位 31.subset n. 子集，子設(shè)備 32.backup n. 備份，后備，后援 33.space n. 空格鍵，空間 34.highlight n. 增強(qiáng)亮度，提示區(qū) 35.indicate vt. 指示，表示 36.rename vt. 更名 37.cancel v. 刪除，取消，作廢 38.document n. 文獻(xiàn)，資料，文件39.section節(jié)，段，區(qū)域 40.a

27、dditional a. 附加的，輔助的 41. load n. & v. 裝入，負(fù)載，寄存,Today, networks are everywhere and network technology is developing Rapidly. Just when you think you have dial-up under control (有控制的撥號(hào)上網(wǎng)），along comes cable access （寬帶

28、上網(wǎng)）， and Wi-Fi. （無限上網(wǎng)）,,Just as you get comfortable with your school’s campuswide network, （校園寬帶網(wǎng)）everyone is issued notebook computers that use some sort of wireless （無線的）connections.,Although network technology continu

29、es to develop,it is basded on a set of fairly stable concepts. If you understand these network building bocks (網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)筑區(qū)），working with new network technologies will be a piece of cake .,Network advantages 1.Sharing networke

30、d hardware can reduce costs2. Sharing networks hardware can provide access to a wide range of wervices and specialized peripheral devices.3.Sharing networked hardware can provide access to a wide range of services and

31、specialized peripheral devices.,,,4.Sharing networked software can reduce costs.5.Sharing data on a network is easy6.Networks enable people to work together regardless of time and place.,,網(wǎng)絡(luò)的優(yōu)勢(shì)與挑戰(zhàn)1.共享的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化硬件可以降低成本。2.共

32、享的網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件可以提供對(duì)各種服務(wù)和專業(yè)外圍設(shè)備的訪問。3.共享的網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件可以降低成本。4.網(wǎng)絡(luò)的共享數(shù)據(jù)很簡(jiǎn)易。5.網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以使人們能夠不分時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的一起工作。,Geograpical scope of Networks網(wǎng)絡(luò)的地理范圍PANS, NANS, LANS, WANS, MANS個(gè)人區(qū)域網(wǎng)，鄰里區(qū)域網(wǎng)，局域網(wǎng)，廣域網(wǎng), 都市局域網(wǎng)。,PAN (personal area network)（個(gè)人區(qū)域網(wǎng)）是一個(gè)有時(shí)用

33、指在大約10米的范圍內(nèi)、不適用電線或電纜，對(duì)個(gè)人數(shù)字設(shè)備進(jìn)行連接的術(shù)語。NAN(neighborhood area network)（鄰里區(qū)域網(wǎng)）能在一個(gè)有限的地理區(qū)域內(nèi)提供連接，通常是分布在幾棟建筑之間。,LAN（local area network) （局域網(wǎng)）是一種通常在一個(gè)非常有限的地理區(qū)域內(nèi)——通常是一棟單獨(dú)的建筑，將個(gè)人電腦連接起來的數(shù)據(jù)通訊網(wǎng)絡(luò)。學(xué)校的電腦實(shí)驗(yàn)室以及家里都是LAN的例子。,MAN(metropo

34、litan area network)(都市區(qū)域網(wǎng)）是一種能夠在大約50英里的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行語音和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)墓哺咚倬W(wǎng)絡(luò)。如當(dāng)?shù)氐幕ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)提供商、有線電視公司、以及當(dāng)?shù)氐碾娫捁尽?WAN(wide area network)廣域網(wǎng)覆蓋大范圍的地理區(qū)域，通常包括很多較小的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以使用各種不同的電腦平以和網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)。因特網(wǎng)就是世界上最大的廣域網(wǎng)。,,Hypertext 超文本W(wǎng)hat is hypertext and wha

35、t does it have to do with the Web?Two of the most important elements of the Web—Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP) and Hypertext Markup Language(HTML)A hypertext is a group of interlinked files.,什么是超文本？它和網(wǎng)絡(luò)有什么關(guān)系？網(wǎng)絡(luò)的兩個(gè)最

36、重要元素—超文本傳輸協(xié)議（HTTP）—在名稱中都包含“超文本”。超文本是一組互相連接的文件。,,What is HTML?HTML is a set of specifications for creating HTML documents that a browser can display as a Web page. It is a markup language.HTML是一個(gè)創(chuàng)建瀏覽器可以作為網(wǎng)頁加以顯示的HTML文件的規(guī)

37、范集。它是一種標(biāo)識(shí)語言。,Key words:PAN (personal area network)（個(gè)人區(qū)域網(wǎng)）MAN(metropolitan area network)(都市區(qū)域網(wǎng)）NAN（neighborhood area network)(鄰里局域網(wǎng)）WAN(wide area network)廣域網(wǎng)LAN（local area network) （局域網(wǎng)）,,,,,,Hypertext 超文本W(wǎng)eb—

38、Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)超文本傳輸協(xié)議Hypertext Markup Language(HTML)超文本標(biāo)識(shí)語言markup language.標(biāo)識(shí)語言Hypertext link(超文本鏈接）World Wide Web Consortium(W3C)世界萬維網(wǎng)聯(lián)盟,Like so many inventions throughout history, the compute

39、r developed as inventors tinkered with (修補(bǔ)）various devices. As a result, it is difficult for historians to point to one development and say that it represents the first calculator or the first computer.,But it is intere

40、sting to trace （追溯）the development of computers. Knowning the history of computers helps you understand the design and capabilities of today’s digital computers. It also helps you understand how the computer industry of

41、today came into being.,與歷史上很多的發(fā)明一樣，計(jì)算機(jī)是隨著發(fā)明人對(duì)各種設(shè)備進(jìn)行修補(bǔ)而不斷發(fā)展的。結(jié)果，對(duì)歷史學(xué)家來說，要指著某一項(xiàng)發(fā)明，說它就代表了第一臺(tái)計(jì)算器或第一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)，是很困難的。但是，要追蹤電腦的發(fā)展是很有趣的。了解計(jì)算機(jī)的歷史可以幫助你了解今天的數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)的設(shè)備和各種功能。也能幫助你了解今天的計(jì)算機(jī)工業(yè)是如何發(fā)展而來的。,Digital Camera A digital camera seem

42、s easy to use. Point it, shoot the photo,and …what next? How do you get them ready to become e-mail attachments？(附件）How do you prepare them for Web pages? To understand the wide range of possibilities for digital photos,

43、 you’ll need some background information about bitmap graphics（圖形）,數(shù)碼相機(jī)看上去使用很簡(jiǎn)單。將其指向景物，攝下照片，然后…接下來該做什么呢？你如何將數(shù)碼照片從照相機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)移到電腦中呢？你應(yīng)該如何打印他們呢？你又如何讓他們準(zhǔn)備好變成電子郵件的附件呢？你如何為網(wǎng)頁準(zhǔn)備他們呢？要了解數(shù)碼照片的各種廣泛的可能性，你將需要一些有關(guān)位圖圖形的背景信息,Bitmap basicsWha

44、t is bitmap graphic? A bitmap graphic, or simply called “bitmap” is composed of a grid of dots, and the color of each dot is stored as a binary number. 位圖由一些點(diǎn)格組成，而且每一個(gè)點(diǎn)的顏色是以二進(jìn)制數(shù)字保存的。,The characters of bitmap Bitma

45、p graphics are typically used to create realistic images, such as photographs. When you use a digital camera or camera-enabled cell phone, your photos are stored as bitmaps. A scanner produces bitmaps. The photos you sen

46、d or receive as e-mail attachments are bitmaps, as are most Web page graphics.,,位圖圖形通常用于創(chuàng)建現(xiàn)實(shí)的圖像，例如照片。當(dāng)你使用一臺(tái)數(shù)碼相機(jī)或帶照相機(jī)功能的移動(dòng)電話時(shí)，你的照片就是以位圖被保存的。掃描儀可以生成位圖。你作為電子郵件發(fā)送或接收的照片也是位圖，大多數(shù)的網(wǎng)頁圖片也是位圖。,How to create bitmap images?You can

47、 create a bitmap graphic from scratch using the tools provided by graphics software. Such as Adobe Photoshop, Jasc Paint Shop Pro, and Microsoft Paint. 如何創(chuàng)建位圖圖像？提供的工具進(jìn)行涂畫，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)位圖圖形。如： Adobe Photoshop, Jasc Paint Shop Pr

48、o, 以及微軟畫圖。.,Scanner and camera How to convert a printed image into a bitmap? When you have a printed image, such as a photograph, a page from a magazine, or a picture from a book, you can use a scanner to convert t

49、h printed image into a fine grid of cells(細(xì)格） and assigns（分配） a digital value for the color of each cell. As the scan progresses, these values are tranferred to your computer’s hard disk .,如何將一張打印的圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成一張位圖？當(dāng)你有一張打印的圖像時(shí)，

50、例如照片、雜志的一頁、或書上的一張照片，你就可以使用一臺(tái)掃描儀將這幅打印的圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成一個(gè)位圖畫面。一臺(tái)掃描儀將一幅圖像分割成單元的細(xì)柵格，并且為每一個(gè)單元的顏色分配一個(gè)數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)值。隨著掃描的進(jìn)展，這些數(shù)值被傳輸?shù)侥汶娔X的硬盤上。,How to use a scanner?To scanan image, turn on th scanner and start your scanner software. Place the image

51、 face down on thscanner glass, and then use the scanner software to initiate the scan. The scanned image is saved in RAM and can then be saved on your computer’s hard disk.,要掃描一幅圖像，打開掃描儀，并啟動(dòng)你的掃描儀軟件。將該圖像畫朝下，放在掃描儀的玻璃上，然后使用

52、掃描儀軟件開始進(jìn)行掃描。被掃描的圖像保存在內(nèi)存中，然后可以被保存在你電腦的硬盤上。,Digital camera storage device1.Compact F lash CF 卡2.Memory stick 記憶棒3.Smart Media card SM記憶卡4.xD-Picture card xD 圖像卡,Transferred ways of digital camera1.Media t

53、ransfer 媒質(zhì)傳送2.Direct cable transfer 直接電纜傳輸3.Infrared port 紅外端口4.Card readers 讀卡器5.Floppy disk adapters 軟盤適配器,digital camera 數(shù)碼照相機(jī)attachment 附件bitmap 位圖 dot 點(diǎn)realistic images 實(shí)圖

54、Web page 網(wǎng)頁digital value 數(shù)字?jǐn)?shù)值hard disk 硬盤scanner 掃描儀,install vt. 安裝 assign vt.賦值byte n. (二進(jìn)制的)字節(jié) abbreviate vt. 縮寫，省略 graphic n. & a. 圖形；圖形的original n. & a. 原文；原(初)始的,sub-directory n. 子目錄 buf

55、fer n. 緩沖器 updated a. 適時(shí)的，更新的 fixed a. 固定的，不變的 switching n. 開關(guān)，轉(zhuǎn)接，交換 element n. 元件，元素assistance n. 輔助設(shè)備，幫助 evaluate v. 估計(jì)，估算，求值 configuration n. 配置,,push v. 推，按，壓，進(jìn)(棧)redefine vt. 重新規(guī)定(定義) adapter n. 適配器，轉(zhuǎn)換器 RA