129427469551406250《信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語》erp

1、《信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)英語》Unit3—Introduction to MIS,ERP&SCR --Part II (ERP) Part III (SCR),Part II--ERP,In this session, we will cover the following parts:ERP—Enterprise Resource PlanningA brief history introduction of ERP-

2、 ERP歷史簡介Definition of ERPWhy use ERP?Advantages(優(yōu)勢) and disadvantages(劣勢) of ERPSCR– Supply Chain Revolution (To read by yourself),Part II--ERP,Vocabulary:logistics-----n 物流，后勤replenishment---n 補(bǔ)給，補(bǔ)充consistency

3、---n 一致性integration--n 整合性piecemeal--n 逐個(gè)完成的functionality--n 功能性module--n 模塊embed--v 植入merger--n 合并，歸并interface--n 分界面，界面processor--n 信息處理機(jī)configure--n 配置，設(shè)定,Part II--ERP,Vocabulary:Economies of scale—規(guī)模經(jīng)

4、濟(jì)Run-time---運(yùn)行時(shí)間Millennium Bug---千年蟲Supply chain----供應(yīng)鏈Enterprise resource planning-企業(yè)資源規(guī)劃Customer relationship management-客戶關(guān)系管理,Part II--ERP,A brief history introduction of ERP MRP( Material Requirements Pla

5、nning ) evolved from the 1960’s need to manage demand and ordering. 物料需求規(guī)劃系統(tǒng)是由上世紀(jì)60年代管理和訂貨的需要逐步發(fā)展而來的。 MRP II was developed in the 1970’s to bring both demand and time phasing of the demand into the planning proc

6、ess. 上世紀(jì)70年代發(fā)展起來的 MRP 二代，它的規(guī)劃流程中包含了總體需求和局部某一期間段的需求。,Part II--ERP,A brief history introduction of ERP At the same time, Accounting Management solutions gain strength. ERP, developed from earlier MRPII systems, w

7、ere also integrated with financial applications to provide a complete solution to a company for managing their inventory, cash and people resources. 同時(shí)，它加強(qiáng)了財(cái)務(wù)管理措施。由早期的MRPII 系統(tǒng)發(fā)展起來的ERP，它集成了財(cái)務(wù)應(yīng)用功能，為企業(yè)提供了一整套管理賬目（庫存），資金和

8、人力資源的解決方案。,Part II--ERP,A brief history introduction of ERP Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is born in the early 1960s from a joint effort between J.I. Case, the manufacturer of tractors and other construction mac

9、hinery, and partner IBM. 上世紀(jì)六十年代早期，在生產(chǎn)牽引機(jī)和其它的工程機(jī)械的制造商--J.I. Case及其合作伙伴IBM合作開發(fā)下，第一個(gè)ERP系統(tǒng)誕生了。,Part II--ERP,A brief history introduction of ERP Material Requirements Planning or MRP is the initial effort. This appli

10、cation software serves as the method for planning and scheduling materials for complex manufactured products 這個(gè)應(yīng)用軟件可以被看作是一種系統(tǒng)（MRP系統(tǒng)可以被用作一種方法），它的基本功能是規(guī)劃和管理用于制造復(fù)雜產(chǎn)品的原材料。,Part II—ERP-- Definition of ERP,A brief intr

11、oduction of ERP ERP modules may be able to interface with an organization's own software with varying degrees of effort, and, depending on the software, 視軟件情況而定，ERP 模塊能夠不同程度地與組織機(jī)構(gòu)擁有的軟件進(jìn)行接口。,,,

12、,,,Part II—ERP-- Definition of ERP,A brief introduction of ERP An ERP system can include software for manufacturing, order entry, accounts receivable and payable, general ledger, purchasing, warehousing, transpo

13、rtation and human resources 。 一個(gè)ERP系統(tǒng)應(yīng)包含如下軟件功能塊：制造業(yè)務(wù)，訂單錄入，收款和付款賬目，總體分類賬目，原料購買，倉庫業(yè)務(wù)，交通運(yùn)輸和人力資源。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Definition of ERP,Definition of ERP Enterprise resource planning (ERP) system is one of the

14、 major software components(組件) of logistics(物流) information systems, is an integrated information system that serves all departments within an enterprise. ERP系統(tǒng)是物流信息系統(tǒng)的主要的軟件組件之一，是一個(gè)服務(wù)于企業(yè)內(nèi)部各部門的集成信息系統(tǒng)。,,,,,,Part II—

15、ERP-- Definition of ERP,Definition of ERP ERP implies the use of packaged software rather than proprietary software written for one customer. ERP使用的是套裝軟件，但這些軟件不是為某一個(gè)顧客而開發(fā)的專用軟件。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Definiti

16、on of ERP,Why/how questions?why using/developing ERP? (e.g.demand)What are advantages and disadvantages of ERP?,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Rationale for ERP implementation,Why developing ERP? When firms introduced exte

17、nsive(大量) computing to control and monitor operations and financials in the early 1970s, much of the development was completed piecemeal（一塊一塊地）. 在20世紀(jì)七十年代初，當(dāng)公司引入大量計(jì)算技術(shù)來控制和監(jiān)控經(jīng)營和財(cái)務(wù)情況時(shí)，大部分開發(fā)是逐步完成的。 The financ

18、ial and accounting systems were typically introduced(引進(jìn)) first, followed by some type of sales and order management system. 首先引進(jìn)的是財(cái)務(wù)和會計(jì)系統(tǒng)，接著是一些的銷售和訂單管理系統(tǒng)。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Rationale for ERP implementation,Why

19、 developing ERP? When additional functionality was needed, other applications were developed or purchased.. 當(dāng)需要其它功能時(shí)，就需要開發(fā)或購買其它的應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)。 These added modules frequently used inconsistent processes, conf

20、licting assumption, and redundant data. 這些添加的模塊經(jīng)常使用不協(xié)調(diào)的進(jìn)程，沖突假設(shè)，和冗余數(shù)據(jù)。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Rationale for ERP implementation,Why developing ERP? In some cases functional systems were developed internally by t

21、he firm to fit internal work processes. The result was a series of legacy systems that incorporated(包含) much of the firm‘s history regarding processes and information but was unique in terms of (就..而言) processes, capabil

22、ities, and features. 在一些情況下，公司開發(fā)功能系統(tǒng)來適應(yīng)內(nèi)部工作流程。結(jié)果是留下了一系列的遺留系統(tǒng)，這些系統(tǒng)包含了公司的發(fā)展史和公司信息，但就其流程，能力和特征而言又是獨(dú)有的。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Rationale for ERP implementation,Why developing ERP? Since processing and storage ha

23、rdware were often very expensive at the time these legacy systems were introduced, their developers often used sophisticated(精密的) and complex programming techniques to minimize storage and run-time requirements.

24、在引進(jìn)這些遺留系統(tǒng)的時(shí)候，由于存儲和處理硬件通常很貴，因此他們的開發(fā)人員通常采用即復(fù)雜而又精密的編程技術(shù)來最小化存儲和運(yùn)行時(shí)候的硬件要求。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Rationale for ERP implementation,Why developing ERP? As an example, many of these legacy systems included programs with th

25、e Year 2000 Millennium(一千年) Bug (Y2K) embedded(嵌入) into the operation logic. 舉一個(gè)例子：許多舊系統(tǒng)都有嵌入到操作邏輯的千年蟲程序。 By only storing two digits of the year, less disk storage was required to store dates, thus reducing

26、the cost of the technology. 由于只存儲年份的兩位數(shù)，要求較少的磁盤空間存儲日期，從而大大減少了技術(shù)成本。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Rationale for ERP implementation,Why developing ERP? This combination of events relating to legacy systems along with

27、the availability of relatively inexpensive information-storage technology caused firms to reinvest in their enterprise systems during the 1990s. And firms were also looking to enhance their internal integration.

28、遺留系統(tǒng)與相對便宜的信息存儲技術(shù)的結(jié)合導(dǎo)致了企業(yè)在上世紀(jì)90年代重新投資建設(shè)企業(yè)系統(tǒng)。同時(shí)企業(yè)也尋求加強(qiáng)內(nèi)部系統(tǒng)的整合。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Rationale for ERP implementation,Why developing ERP? ERP systems can provide firms with information consistency, economies of scale,

29、 and integration. ERP系統(tǒng)能夠給企業(yè)帶來信息一致性，規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，和整合性。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Consistency,ERP Advantages –Information Consistency As discussed earlier, many firms or divisions of firms developed legacy systems to

30、meet their own specific requirements and processes. This was also true for international divisions as the firm extended markets and operations globally. 如前所述，許多公司及其分支機(jī)構(gòu)開發(fā)了這些遺留系統(tǒng)來滿足公司自己的特殊的需求及流程。對于那些拓展全球市場和運(yùn)作的國際部門而

31、言這也是事實(shí)。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Consistency,ERP Advantages –Information Consistency Similarly, the many mergers that occurred during the 1980s and 1990s brought together firms with incompatible legacy systems. The res

32、ult was many different systems that provided different and, in many cases, inconsistent processing. 于此類似，許多發(fā)生在20世紀(jì)八十年代到九十年代之間的企業(yè)收購和合并(的類似情況)給企業(yè)帶來了遺留系統(tǒng)不兼容的麻煩。導(dǎo)致許多不同的系統(tǒng)在許多情況下提供了不一樣或不一致的處理方法或流程。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Co

33、nsistency,ERP Advantages--Information Consistency Thus the first major ERP objective is to create a system that utilizes consistent data and processes for firm regions and divisions globally. In the typical appli

34、cation, the data is resident in a common data warehouse that can be accessed globally. 因此，ERP的第一個(gè)主要目標(biāo)就是建立一個(gè)系統(tǒng)，此系統(tǒng)使企業(yè)各個(gè)地區(qū)的分支機(jī)構(gòu)能夠使用一致的數(shù)據(jù)和流程。在典型的應(yīng)用中，數(shù)據(jù)存儲在一個(gè)能夠被全球訪問的通用數(shù)據(jù)庫中。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Consistency,ERP Advanta

35、ges--Information Consistency In addition, the data can be modified with appropriate security and controls using transactions available in multiple languages. The transactions to initiate a specific supply chain ac

36、tivity are implemented using common assumptions and timing*. 另外，使用多語言處理，數(shù)據(jù)能夠在恰當(dāng)?shù)陌踩涂刂葡卤恍薷?。運(yùn)用通用假設(shè)和定時(shí)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了處理典型供應(yīng)鏈活動的交易。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Consistency,ERP Advantages--Information Consistency Likewise (similar

37、ly), consistent processes allow global customers to use the same order entry procedure, for example, regardless of where they enter the order. Such a unified perspective offers senior management a consistent integrated v

38、iew of the firm and operating management. 同樣，一致的過程允許全球顧客使用同一個(gè)訂單錄入程序，例如，不必在意在那兒輸入訂單。這種統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使得高級管理層對公司及其經(jīng)營管理有一個(gè)持續(xù)的整體的了解。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Economies of scale,ERP Advantages-Economies of scale (demands) As fir

39、ms merged and expanded globally, management made increasing demands to take advantage of global scale economies through resource rationalization(使..合理化). 當(dāng)公司全球合并與擴(kuò)張時(shí)，管理層增加了通過使資源合理化來實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)優(yōu)勢的需求。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Ec

40、onomies of scale,ERP Advantages-Economies of scale (demands) Similarly, customers began looking for suppliers that could provide product globally using consistent system capabilities and interfaces to take advanta

41、ge of scale economies. 同樣，顧客開始尋找能夠使用一致的系統(tǒng)功能和界面在全球范圍內(nèi)提供產(chǎn)品，從而利用規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)性的供應(yīng)商。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Economies of scale,ERP Advantages-Economies of scale (2ways) ERP offers firms potential economies of scale in several wa

42、ys. First, a single centralized processor or network of decentralized processors with common configured hardware offers the potential for substantial procurement* and maintenance scale economies. 首先，一個(gè)單一的中央（集中）處理

43、器或者具備通用（常用）硬件配置的分散處理器的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，提供了強(qiáng)大獲取和維護(hù)規(guī)模經(jīng)濟(jì)的潛力。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Economies of scale,ERP Advantages-Economies of scale (2ways) Second, the centralized ERP approach increases the potential for a multidivisional firm to imp

44、lement shared resources and services across divisions or even regions. The ability to review the production, storage, or transportation resource requirements of multiple divisions in the common system increases the poten

45、tial for sharing of critical resources. 第二，集中化的ERP方法提高了跨國（多分支機(jī)構(gòu)）公司實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)部各部門和各地區(qū)共享資源的機(jī)會(潛能)。這種在共用系統(tǒng)中檢查多個(gè)部門生產(chǎn)，存儲，運(yùn)輸資源需求的功能（能力），增強(qiáng)對重要(關(guān)鍵）資源共享的潛力。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Integration,ERP Advantages-Integration The f

46、inal ERP benefit is enhanced system integration both within the firm and enterprise and between suppliers and customers. Internal integration results from (happen as an result) a common integrated database and implementa

47、tion of common processes across divisions and regions. ERP 最后的好處是在公司內(nèi)、企業(yè)內(nèi)以及供應(yīng)商和客戶之間的系統(tǒng)整合性增強(qiáng)。內(nèi)部整合起因于共同的完整的數(shù)據(jù)庫和跨部門和跨地區(qū)共同過程的實(shí)施。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Integration,ERP Advantages-Integration Typical Common proce

48、sses included in ERP are order entry, order processing, warehouse management, invoicing, and accounting. 包括在ERP中的典型通用流程有訂單錄入，訂單處理，倉庫管理，發(fā)票業(yè)務(wù)和做賬業(yè)務(wù)。 Such commonality(共性) offers the capability to merge process

49、es and provides major customers with a common and consistent interface with (including) the firm. 這種共性提供合并流程，并為主要顧客與公司提供一個(gè)共同一致的界面。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Integration,ERP Advantages-Integration Such integration

50、also results in standard financial practices across business units. The standardized interfaces offered by many ERP systems also facilitate external communication with supply Chain partners. 這樣的整合也導(dǎo)致了跨業(yè)務(wù)部門的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)財(cái)務(wù)制度的實(shí)行

51、。 由許多ERP系統(tǒng)提供的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的界面還使得與供應(yīng)鏈伙伴的外部聯(lián)系變得容易。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Integration,ERP Advantages-Integration A new generation of ERP systems is evolving to provide additional integration particularly with customers. 新

52、一代的ERP系統(tǒng)正在不斷發(fā)展以提供額外的整合，尤其是與客戶的整合。,,,,,,Part II—ERP-- Integration,ERP Advantages-Integration These systems, identified as ERPII, integrate tradition ERP along with a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system to

53、 better integrate the requirement of key customers with the firm's supply chain plans.   這些系統(tǒng)被稱為ERP二代，把客戶關(guān)系系統(tǒng)與傳統(tǒng)的ERP整合起來，從而更好地把公司的供應(yīng)鏈計(jì)劃與關(guān)鍵客戶的需求整合在一起。,,,,,,Exercises,1)Describe the rationale for ERP implemen

54、tation. 2)How does ERP offer firms potential economies of scale? 3)What makes internal integration possible? 4)What is the major improvement offered by ERPII?,Any Questions or Comments?,If you have any comments and wo

55、rth suggestions, please do not hesitate to contact with me by mobile message or email.Don't forget your exercises! Next session , we will mention the rest parts of MIS. By