astronomythe science of the stars課件5

1、成才之路 · 英語,路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版 · 必修3,Astronomy：the science of the stars,Unit 4,第三課時(shí)　Using Language,Unit 4,Ⅰ.單詞速記1．________(n.)萬有引力；重力2．________(n.)衛(wèi)星；人造衛(wèi)星3．________(n.)氣候4．________(vi.& vt.)碰撞；墜落5．_____

2、______(n.)宇宙飛船6．________(n.& vt.)拉(力)；拖；牽引力7．________(vi.& vt.)(使)浮動；(使)漂浮(n.)漂浮物8．________(n.)生物學(xué)→________(n.)生物學(xué)家9．________(adj.)溫和的；文雅的→gently(adv.)溫和地10．________(n.)物理學(xué)家→________(n.)物理學(xué)→physical (adj.)物理

3、的；物理學(xué)的；體力的,gravity　satellite　climate　crash　spaceshippull　float　biology　gentlephysicist,biologist,physics,Ⅱ.短語互譯1．擋住(光線)　________________2．突發(fā)；爆發(fā) ________________3．cheer up ________________4．now that ______

4、__________5．watch out for _____________________,block out break out　感到高興；感到振奮　既然 密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防,Ⅲ.完成句子1．上個(gè)月，我有幸得到一個(gè)機(jī)會和我的朋友李彥平，一位天文學(xué)家，一起到太空旅行。Last month I ____________________ make a trip into space

5、with my friend Li Yanping，an astronomer.(...enough to...足夠……以至于可以……)2．當(dāng)我們更接近月球時(shí)，就會感到月球的引力在拉我們，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us，but it will not be _________________

6、___ the earth's.(as...as...和……一樣),3．但當(dāng)我試圖往前走時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被帶到一個(gè)相當(dāng)于地球上兩倍遠(yuǎn)的地方并且摔倒了。But when I tried to step forward，I found I was carried _________ on the earth and fell over.(as結(jié)構(gòu)的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法)4．既然重力改變了，看來走路也的確需要練一練了。Walking ___

7、____ a bit of practice ___________.(do強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)；now that從句)答案：1.was lucky enough to have a chance to　2.as strong a pull as　3.twice as far as　4.does need; now that gravity has changed,Ⅳ.課文理解Step 1　Fast ReadingScan the passa

8、ge and then choose the best answers according to the passage.1．The passage mainly talks about ________.A．what the moon isB．my visit to the moonC．the differences between the earth and the moonD．Li Yanping, my friend,

9、 who is an astronaut,2．When we were going up, we felt ________.A．we were pressed against our seatsB．we were lighter than we are on the earthC．a(chǎn)s if we were flyingD．the rocket was shaking strongly3．Why can't the

10、spaceship fall back to the earth?A．Because the moon's gravity pulls it up.B．Because it is too far away from the earth.C．Because the earth has no gravity.D．Because the spaceship is not very heavy.,4．When I was on

11、the moon I felt I was ________ than I am on the earth.A．slower B．heavierC．clevererD．lighter5．If a baby is growing on the moon, when he grows up, he will grow ________ than he is on the earth.A．taller B．shorterC．f

12、atterD．thinner,Step 2　Careful ReadingRead the passage and try to find the topic sentence of each paragraph.Paragraph 1：___________________________________Paragraph 2：________________________________Paragraph 3：_____

13、____________________________Paragraph 4：___________________________________,答案：Step 1　1～5　BABDAStep 2　Paragraph 1：We visited the moon in our spaceship!Paragraph 2：Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me ... the mo

14、st powerful.Paragraph 3：When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately.Paragraph 4：But returning to the earth was very frightening.,1.crash vi.& vt.碰撞；墜落①Other scientists believe that a comet crashed into the

15、 earth long ago and caused the disappearance.其他科學(xué)家認(rèn)為很久以前彗星與地球相撞導(dǎo)致(恐龍)滅絕。②All the glasses came crashing onto the floor.所有的杯子嘩啦一聲摔碎在地上。,歸納拓展crash vi.(商業(yè))破產(chǎn)，失??；(政府)垮臺n．相撞(事故)；(飛機(jī)的)墜毀，迫降；撞擊聲，爆裂聲He witnessed a serious c

16、ar crash today.Two cars crashed into each other and let out a loud crash.今天他目睹了一起嚴(yán)重的撞車事故。兩輛車撞在了一起，發(fā)出了很大的爆裂聲。,活學(xué)活用英漢互譯。①我看見一個(gè)物體從天空中墜落下來。_______________________________________②Look! The front part of the car is now t

17、otally out of shape due to the crash.___________________________________語法填空。③When I saw the cars ________(crash) on the road, a frightened feeling flashed across my mind.,答案：①I saw an object crash down from the sky.

18、②瞧！因?yàn)樽曹?，這輛車的前部現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全變形了。③crash,2．pull(a)v.(1)拉；拖；扯①You push and I'll pull.你推；我拉。②She pulled the drawer open.她拉開了抽屜。(2)吸引The basketball game pulled a great crowd.這場籃球賽吸引了一大群人。,(b)n.(1)拖；拉；扯①One more pull w

19、ill bring the car out of the ditch.再拉一下就能把汽車從溝里拉出來。②He gave my hair a pull.他拉了一下我的頭發(fā)。(2)吸引The pull of the city was hard to resist.都市的魅力難以抗拒。,歸納拓展pull off 脫(衣、帽等)pull through 康復(fù)；完成；使渡過難關(guān)pull on 匆忙穿戴(襪子、手套等)pull

20、in (火車)進(jìn)站；(船)靠岸；駛向路邊?？縫ull out 離站；抽出，取出pull down 拆毀(建筑物)；貶低(人),①The train has already pulled in.火車已經(jīng)進(jìn)站了。②Pull off your gloves quickly.快摘下你的手套。③I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom.我拿出手機(jī)讀媽媽發(fā)的短信。

21、,巧學(xué)助記pull的近義詞為：drag；反義詞：push。,,活學(xué)活用用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空。①The train has pulled ________， and the passengers are boarding it now.②Daddy and I ran quickly towards her, and pulled her ________.語法填空。③—Is there any hope of savin

22、g his life?—His injuries are extremely serious, but he's expected to pull________.,答案：①in　②out③through　考查動詞短語辨析。句意：——還有希望救他的命嗎？——他的傷太重了，但是他還有希望康復(fù)。pull through“康復(fù)”，符合句意。,3．float v.(1)浮動；漂??；飄動；飄移Beautiful music ca

23、me floating out of the window.美妙的樂聲從窗口傳出。(2)??；漂浮A plastic bag was floating in the water.一個(gè)塑料袋在水中漂浮。,(3)使浮動；使漂流We waited for the tide to float the boat off the sandbank.我們等待漲潮，讓潮水把船浮起離開沙灘。(4)輕盈走動；飄然移動She floated d

24、own the steps to greet us.她輕盈地下樓來迎接我們。,活學(xué)活用漢譯英。①沒有足夠深的水使船漂浮起來。___________________________________________②空氣中漂浮有許多灰塵。___________________________________________答案：①There wasn't enough water to float the ship.

25、②There is much dust floating in the air.,4.block out擋住(光線)；涂抹①As a result of this event，a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out the sunlight.因此，天空中形成的大量灰塵層阻擋住了太陽光線。②We put a piece of cloth across the window

26、 to block out the sunlight.我們把一塊布橫掛在窗子上遮住陽光。,歸納拓展block off (用路障)封鎖，堵??；阻擋block up 塞?。环庾?孔、洞)block one's way 擋住某人的去路①No road has been blocked off by the police when our president inspects any city.當(dāng)我們的總統(tǒng)視察

27、任何城市時(shí)，不用警察封鎖任何道路。②A huge stone blocked the driver's way，so he had to find another one.一塊巨石擋住了司機(jī)的路，他只好另找出路。,活學(xué)活用用block的適當(dāng)短語填空。①That wall ____________________ all the light.②You'd better ____________________ t

28、hat hole in the wall; it's letting the cold in.③The police ____________________ the street where the gunman was hiding.答案：①blocks out　②block up?、踒locked off,5．cheer up感到高興；感到興奮；高興起來；振奮起來①Guo Chuan cheered up after

29、 completing a world sailing.完成環(huán)球航行后，郭川感到很高興。②When I'm feeling sad my mother tells me funny stories to cheer me up.當(dāng)我感到憂傷時(shí)，我的母親就給我講有趣的故事讓我高興起來。,歸納拓展(1)cheer...on 為……鼓氣；向……喝彩(2)cheering adj.能鼓舞人的；使人振作/高興的ch

30、eerful adj.快樂的；高興的；興高采烈的(3)cheers (用于祝酒)干杯；再見Cheers，my friends.干杯，朋友們。,巧學(xué)助記感到高興的cheer,,活學(xué)活用用cheer的適當(dāng)詞性或短語填空。①這個(gè)令人鼓舞的消息使得這個(gè)男孩高興起來，他的父母也感到高興。The ________ news made the boy ________，which made his parents __

31、______ too.②我們所做的是給我們的隊(duì)加油。What we had done was to ________.,語法填空。③If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ________(cheer) by their enthusiastic supporters.答案：①cheering; cheerful; che

32、er up?、赾heer our team on③to be cheered　考查非謂語動詞。句意：如果他們今晚贏了決賽，所有隊(duì)員就去參加由熱情的支持者為慶祝他們勝利而舉行的環(huán)城旅游。由于比賽結(jié)果還不可知，所以這只是一個(gè)將來的打算，所以用動詞不定式的被動式表示將來。,6．now that既然Now that there is a new tunnel，the road is less dangerous.既然有了一個(gè)新的隧道，這條

33、路就不那么危險(xiǎn)了。名師點(diǎn)撥(1)now that“既然”，引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，相當(dāng)于since，其中的that可以省略。(2)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的其他連詞：since，because，considering(that)，in that，as等。Now(that) it benefits us so much，why not have a try?既然它對我們的好處如此多，為什么不試一試呢？,活學(xué)活用完成句子。①既然你已經(jīng)決定去

34、做，那么你就應(yīng)該把它做好。________________________，you should do it well.②既然這個(gè)問題已經(jīng)解決，讓我們進(jìn)入下一個(gè)吧。________________________，let's come to the next.③既然你發(fā)現(xiàn)了你的計(jì)劃有問題，為什么不改變主意呢？Why not change your mind ________ you have found that th

35、ere is something wrong with your plan?,答案：①Now that you have decided to do it②Now that the problem has been settled③now that,7．break out突發(fā)；爆發(fā)We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the

36、earth's gravity increased.我們驚奇地看著，隨著地球引力的增加，宇宙飛船的外層燃燒起火。,名師點(diǎn)撥不被動的break outbreak out強(qiáng)調(diào)戰(zhàn)爭、疾病、火災(zāi)等的突然爆發(fā)，一般不用于被動語態(tài)。After a fire broke out in the lab，a lot of equipment was damaged.實(shí)驗(yàn)室發(fā)生火災(zāi)后，很多設(shè)備被毀。,歸納拓展break down

37、出故障；失??；垮掉；垮下來；分解break in 破門而入；打斷(談話等)break into 強(qiáng)行闖入；突然……起來break away from 脫離；掙脫The computer broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.當(dāng)他在電腦上查找信息時(shí)，電腦突然出故障了。,巧學(xué)助記圖記break短語,,

38、活學(xué)活用用break的適當(dāng)短語填空。①A fighting ________ between the two sides.②The thief ________ my house and stole my money.③Our plans have ________ due to the bad management.④The prisoner ________ the policemen and escaped.語法填空。

39、⑤When the fire broke________， many people were shopping in the supermarket.⑥(2013·福建，28改編)Old­fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break________in disasters.,答案：①broke out?、赽roke into?、踒roken down?、?/p>

40、broke away from⑤out　句意：當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)，很多人正在超市里購物。break out“(戰(zhàn)爭、火災(zāi)、疾病等的)突然發(fā)生”。⑥down　句意：當(dāng)無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)在災(zāi)難中出故障的時(shí)候，老式手機(jī)就派上用場了。break down(機(jī)器等)壞了，出毛病了，(人)身體垮了，失敗，分解。,8．watch out for密切注意；當(dāng)心；提防①You'll be cheated if you don't watch out

41、.你如果不提防會受騙的。②Watch out for the haze；it may do great harm to us.當(dāng)心這種霧霾天氣，它可能對我們造成很大損害。,歸納拓展(1)watch over 照看；看守(2)look out 注意；當(dāng)心take care 注意；當(dāng)心be careful 注意；當(dāng)心keep a watch 守望；注視There must have been

42、an angel watching over me that day.那天一定有個(gè)天使在照看著我。,活學(xué)活用一句多譯。你必須提防野獸(wild animal)。①__________________________(watch v．)②________________________(watch n．)語法填空。③While crossing the street, please watch________ for the

43、 coming cars.,答案：①You must watch out for wild animals.②You must keep a good watch for wild animals.③out　句意：過馬路時(shí)，要留心來往的車輛。watch out“注意，當(dāng)心”，與介詞for連用。,9.Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into s

44、pace with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.上個(gè)月，我有幸得到一個(gè)機(jī)會和我的朋友李彥平，一位天文學(xué)家，一起到太空旅行。(1)此句為復(fù)雜的簡單句。(2)名詞短語an astronomer在句中作my friend Li Yanping的同位語。,(3)而句中．..enough to...是一個(gè)固定句式，意為“足夠……以至于可以……”。enough往往放在它所修飾的形容詞或副詞之后，動詞

45、不定式用作結(jié)果狀語。His family is not rich enough to afford the expensive tuition.他的家庭不夠富有來支付高昂的學(xué)費(fèi)。,活學(xué)活用完成句子。①There were 20 students chosen to go abroad to study，and I ______________________ be one of them.有二十個(gè)學(xué)生被選出到國外學(xué)習(xí)，我很幸運(yùn)

46、地成為其中一個(gè)。②I don't know him well ______________________.我和他不夠熟，不便請他幫忙。答案：①was lucky enough to?、趀nough to ask him for help,10．When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be a

47、s strong a pull as the earth's.當(dāng)我們更接近月球時(shí)，就會感到月球的引力在拉我們，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。(1)這是一個(gè)含有連詞but的并列句；第一分句中含有when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句；第二分句中含有“as...as...”句式。,(2)as...as...意為“像……一樣……”，此結(jié)構(gòu)用于否定可用“not as/so ...as...”；和單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用時(shí)，常用“adj.＋a/a

48、n＋名詞＋as”。①They don't work as/so hard as those in that class.他們不如那個(gè)班的學(xué)生勤奮。②He is as clever a boy as his brother.他和他的哥哥一樣是個(gè)聰明的男孩。,活學(xué)活用對比填空。①M(fèi)ary is ____________________ Daisy.瑪麗和戴西一樣漂亮。②Mary is ________________

49、____ Daisy.瑪麗和戴西一樣是個(gè)漂亮的女孩。答案：①as beautiful as?、赼s beautiful a girl as,11．But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.但當(dāng)我試圖往前走時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被帶到一個(gè)相當(dāng)于地球上兩倍遠(yuǎn)的地方并且摔倒了。(1)此句為

50、主從復(fù)合句，其中when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；主句謂語found之后的賓語從句省略連接詞that。(2)twice as far as...為倍數(shù)表達(dá)形式，意為“是……的兩倍遠(yuǎn)”；as far as...意為“遠(yuǎn)到……”。Zheng He sailed as far as Madagascar off the coast of Southeast Africa.鄭和航海遠(yuǎn)達(dá)非洲東南海岸旁的馬達(dá)加斯加島。,歸納拓展倍數(shù)表達(dá)法(1)倍

51、數(shù)(a quarter, half, twice, three times, etc.)＋as... as...；倍數(shù)＋as much/many＋名詞＋as①This bridge is three times as long as that one. 這座橋的長度是那座橋的三倍。②Your room is twice as large as mine.你的房間是我的兩倍大。③He received three times a

52、s many presents as he had expected.他收到的禮物是他預(yù)料的三倍。,(2)倍數(shù)＋adj./adv.的比較級＋than；倍數(shù)＋more＋名詞＋thanAsia is three times larger than Europe.亞洲比歐洲大三倍。(3)倍數(shù)＋the size/length/width/depth/height/amount of...This river is a quarter

53、the length of that one.這條河是那條河的四分之一長。(4)倍數(shù)＋what­clauseThe production now is three times what it was ten years ago.現(xiàn)在的產(chǎn)量是10年前的三倍。,(5)．..＋by＋倍數(shù)．..Compared with that of last year, our coal output has increased by

54、3 times.與去年相比，我們的煤產(chǎn)量增長了3倍。,活學(xué)活用語法填空。①M(fèi)y uncle's house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours, but it is twice______expensive.答案：as　考查倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法。句意：“我叔叔在鬧市區(qū)的房子比我們的小很多，但是價(jià)錢卻是我們的兩倍”?！癆倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as B”是其中一種，

55、此處expensive后面省略了as ours。,②According to statistics, a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ________ a woman.答案：as　考查了倍數(shù)的表達(dá)方法。即“倍數(shù)＋as＋adj./adv.＋as”句意為“根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，男性死于皮膚癌的可能性比女性大二倍還要多?！雹跴eter's jacket l

56、ooked just the same as Jack's, but it cost twice as much________his.答案：as　考查倍數(shù)的用法。正確的順序?yàn)椋罕稊?shù)＋as＋形容詞或副詞＋as。,Ⅰ.語法填空1．—I hate it when it rains.—Cheer________！ It will be sunny tomorrow.答案：up　考查交際用語。由答語的第二句可以看出，這里是在鼓勵(lì)

57、對方振作起來，所以用cheer up。句意：——我討厭下雨天?！褡髌饋恚∶魈炀褪乔缣炝?。2．With the weather becoming hotter and hotter, we need curtains to block________ the sunshine.答案：out　句意：隨著天氣變得越來越熱，我們需要窗簾來擋住陽光。block out“擋住(光線)”。,3．—What did the shopkeeper

58、 say when you said the sweater was too expensive?—She said the sweater of this kind in other shops might be cheaper but not ________ good.答案：as　not as good是比較級的省略形式，補(bǔ)全后為：but is not as good as the sweater in her shop.,4

59、．—What does the model plane look like?—The wings of the plane are more than twice________ length of its body.答案：the　句意：——那個(gè)飛機(jī)模型是什么樣子的？——機(jī)翼的長度比機(jī)身長度的兩倍還要長。倍數(shù)表達(dá)法“倍數(shù)＋the＋表度量的名詞＋of”。,5．It was not until then ________I realiz

60、ed their relationship was breaking________ because they had quarreled with each other several times.答案：that; up　第一個(gè)空考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的that，這里不用倒裝；第二個(gè)空考查break up“破裂”。6．________ you have such a unique chance, you should seize it w

61、ithout any hesitation.答案：Since/Now　句意：你既然有如此難得的機(jī)會，一定要毫不猶豫地抓住它。since/now that“既然；由于”，符合句意。,7．Mr. Wu had fought with his illness hard, but unfortunately he could not pull________.答案：through　句意：吳先生與疾病做艱苦斗爭，但不幸的是，他最終沒有挺過來。

62、8．Mum likes this old house in downtown better than the huge one in the country, but it costs almost twice________much.答案：as　考查倍數(shù)表達(dá)法。本句的后半句所要表達(dá)的意思是市中心的這所老房子的價(jià)格幾乎是鄉(xiāng)村的那所大房子的價(jià)格的兩倍，相當(dāng)于“but it costs almost twice as much as t

63、he huge one in the country”。,9．In the street in front of the school，there happened ________ serious car crash the other day.答案：a　句意：前幾天在學(xué)校前面的路上發(fā)生了一起嚴(yán)重的撞車事故。10．In some countries poisonous snakes can be used to watch____

64、____ the jewels in shops at night.答案：over　句意：在一些國家，毒蛇可以用來在夜晚看守商店里的珠寶。watch over守護(hù)；看守。,Ⅱ.完成句子1．There is an ugly building ____________________ the view from the window. (block)有一座難看的大樓把窗外的景色擋住了。2．On the way home he____

65、________________. (crash)在回家的路上他看見一輛汽車撞到了墻上。3．I tried ________________________ by telling her the good news.(cheer)我把這個(gè)好消息告訴了她，想使她高興起來。,4．______________________，she was sent to a local school. (enough)已經(jīng)足夠大可以接受教育了，她被

66、送到當(dāng)?shù)匾凰鶎W(xué)校。5．The house ____________ was rebuilt last week.(pull)被大火燒毀的房子在上周被重建起來。6．There were some leaves _______________. (float)有些葉子漂浮在水面上。7．You ought to have a good rest ______.(finish)既然已完成了工作，你就應(yīng)該好好休息一下。,8．The d

67、isagreement between the two countries led to __________________________.(break)這兩個(gè)國家之間的不同見解導(dǎo)致了戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā)。9．While ______________________ the tall man in a black hat, he found another suspect. (watch)在密切注意那個(gè)戴黑帽子的高個(gè)子男人時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了另

68、外一個(gè)嫌疑犯。10．Sleds ______________________ are in common use in the Arctic.(pull)狗拉的雪橇在北極地區(qū)很常用。,答案：1.blocking out/which blocks out　2.saw a car crash into a wall　3.to cheer her up　4.Old enough to receive education　5.(which