英語新聞標(biāo)題的特點(diǎn)及英國君主制的介紹概要_第1頁
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1、Unit 6,World Affairs,Plan for the Class,Novelty and liveliness of English NewsReading and discussion: Why the Monarchy Must Stay,Novelty and liveliness,Creating new wordsUse of idiomsUse of euphemism Use of special w

2、ords,Creating new words,Dove →conciliator partyAngel →things seldom happenGoogle →gather informationMouse potato → people who are addicted to the Internet,Creating new words,In today’s confused mix of assertion,infoai

3、nment, opinion,pseudo-fact and spin,readers have a right to expect more—more verification,more transparency,more evidence—to decide for them selves the truth about issues as important as those raised in this book. (

4、娛樂性新聞節(jié)目) Billick acknowledged that the Ravens have the ability to sever ties with Grbac after this season at a cost of only $5.5 million—the price of his signing bonus and this year’s salary. (簽約酬金),Creating new word

5、s,The coach saw the situation as a no-brainer.The players saw it as surrender. (顯而易見的事) He is perfectly content to wait for an editorial consensus on matters like whether to use email,e-mail or E-mail (電子郵件,給……發(fā)

6、電子郵件),New coined words,dawk(中間派): dove(溫和派)+hawk(好戰(zhàn)派) (blending)AIDS (艾滋病): acquired immune deficiency syndrome (acronym)Clintonomics(克林頓的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策) (derivation and affixation)Whitewatergate (克林頓的

7、白水門事件) (compounding),Old words, new meanings,plastic (塑料-信用卡)to telegram (電報(bào)-發(fā)電報(bào)),Words from brands names,Band-Aid (邦迪牌)創(chuàng)口帖Kleenex (克里內(nèi)克斯牌)紙巾,Words created for special occasions,cradle-to-grave

8、 由生到死small-is-beautiful 以小為美turn-of-the-century 世紀(jì)之交,Borrowing foreign words,American bars—and living rooms —may never be the same, now that a Japanese sing-along fad known as Karaoke has begun to inf

9、iltrate American popular culture. (Japanese)Mr. Peter Broke was yesterday morning recovering from a press of work and steeling himself for the task of instilling a little perestroika into Conservative Central Offic

10、e in his new role as party chairman. (Russian, reform),Borrowing foreign words,Though he is losing his monopoly,the 79-year-old tycoon still wields considerable influence. (Japanese, big business )Jang Ha Sung

11、,a finance professor at Korea University,complained that “there’s still no brake on the chaebol,” using the word for any conglomerate with m ore than $1billion or so in assets,generally dominated by the founder or his he

12、irs. (South Korea, tycoon),Borrowing foreign words,glasnost 公開性;開放intelligentsia 知識分子;知識界samizdat 地下出版物judo 柔道jujitsu 柔術(shù) sumo 相撲 tycoon 巨頭go 圍棋,kungfu 功夫wushu 武術(shù) Taoism 道教kowtow 磕頭,叩頭typhoon

13、臺風(fēng)shanghai 拐騙,脅迫 rapport 友好visa 簽證 per 每一,Use of idioms,ShorteningExtensionImitationDecomposition,Shortening,Employees foster nose-to-the-grindstone strategies. a shortened form of the idiom “keep one’ s no

14、se to the grindstone”,Extension,Many government-sponsored agencies are now jumping on the exercise-bandwagon and coaxing reluctant spectators to join the fun. extended from the idiom “jumping on the bandwagon”,Imitation

15、,The strongman flashed hot and cold… derived from the idiom “blow hot and cold”,Decomposition,They have a mountain of high-resounding resolve and a molehill of results. a decomposed form of the idiom “make a mountain

16、 out of a molehill”,Use of euphemism,Exaggerating euphemism Narrowing euphemism,Exaggerating euphemism,madhouse(瘋?cè)嗽? mental hospital(精神病院)gardener(園丁) landscaper(園林師) economic crisis(經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)) recession(衰退

17、),ghetto(貧民窟) inner city(內(nèi)城區(qū)) air strike(空中打擊) air option(制空選擇)attack (進(jìn)攻) pacify the area(綏靖),Narrowing euphemism,She is pregnant: She is expecting. die: pass away, departpoor: needy,

18、 disadvantaged, underprivileged, deprived,the old: the aged, the aging, the graying armyprison: correctional centerillegitimate child: love child,Use of special words,voice: to expressstance: sta

19、ndsentiment: opinionhaphazard: accidental,affluent: rich or wealthyround: a series of actionsresource center: librarylearning experience: classroom,,,,,Britain’s system of government,UK is both

20、 a constitutional monarchy (君主立憲制) and parliament democracy (議會制民主). While the official head of state is the Queen, her powers are largely traditional and symbolic. Practically everything she does is on the advice of he

21、r ministers. And she must be completely impartial— the Queen reigns, but she doesn't rule (君主統(tǒng)而不治).,Main idea,In this article the author explained why the monarchy must stay. He quoted Winston Churchill as saying t

22、he parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy are imperfect but the best that man had yet devised. It keeps politicians from holding all the power and preventing politicians from too easily usurping power.,Para

23、. 1,Winston Churchill’s view on parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy: imperfect- but the best that man had yet devised,Monarchy,Government or a state ruled by a king or queen,Republic,A state completely go

24、verned by elected representatives, the head of the state is not a king or queen but a president,Parliamentary democracy,Parliamentary democracy is a political system of Britain. Parliamentary Election or the legislative

25、 electionIt involves the general election of the 635 members of the House of Common. It is held every 5 years after the Queen dissolves the parliament and announces the election. The majority party in the Parliament i

26、s the leading party. The Leader is appointed by the Queen as the prime minister.,Constitutional monarchy,A monarchy in which the ruler (King or Queen) has only those powers given to him or her by the constitution and la

27、ws of the nation.,Constitutional monarch,The monarch whose powers are given by the constitution and the law of the nation,Para 2,British system of constitutional monarchy shows why a monarch is a more successful figurehe

28、ad than a president.,Political accountability (Par. 2),(the head of state should take) political responsibility (for leading the state),Above politics,The head of state should keep himself/herself from interference in po

29、litics or taking sides in any political debate (even when Labor Party once advocated and practiced socialism),Para 3,The constitutional monarch, who has powers that may surprise many, waives these powers and is bound by

30、tradition to accept the advice of Parliament.,Translation,In Great Britain…become constitutional (Par. 3,Note 5) 事情經(jīng)常那樣就成為習(xí)慣,而習(xí)慣的事就成了憲法(這樣說是因?yàn)橛鴳椃ú皇浅晌姆ǎ挥辛?xí)慣法或不成文法,即未經(jīng)國家立法程序制定的,而是由國家認(rèn)可并賦予法律競效習(xí)的習(xí)慣、判例等。其特點(diǎn)是未經(jīng)通常的立法程序,而并

31、不是沒有文字記載,主要由習(xí)慣演進(jìn)而成。,Para 4,The apolitical stance of monarchy is one of its great strengths.,Translation,This apolitical stance has made it possible for the political culture of Great Britain to assimilate, with relative

32、ease, theories that would appear on the face of things to be radically at odds with a system of monarchical government– for example, socialism.(Par. 4) 這種不涉及政治的態(tài)度使英國的政治文化能夠比較容易地與那些顯然完全不同于君主政體的理論,如社會主義,和睦相處。,Para 5,I

33、f one were to jettison the monarchy, government, Parliament, the nation and the commonwealth would be turned upside down.,The commonwealth,The Commonwealth of Nations-- is an association of countries that have been, or i

34、n some cases, still ruled by Britain. All the members of the commonwealth recognize the reigning British sovereign as the head of the Commonwealth. Actually, it is an association of nations and dependencies loosely jo

35、ined by a common interest based on having been parts of the old Empire. They have close trade relationship with each other. The British Monarch is the symbolic head of the Commonwealth.,,,Translation,Any replacement woul

36、d be ruinously costly, both in financial terms and also in terms of the loss of a unifying national symbol and a vital historical link. (Par. 5) 無論是財(cái)政方面還是在失去統(tǒng)一的民族特征及至關(guān)重要的歷史環(huán)節(jié)方面來說,任何一種替代都將損失巨大,只有君主制能提供持續(xù)性,在國民觀念不斷變化的國家

37、里保持穩(wěn)定。,Translation,Only a monarchy can provide…national vision:In other words, the monarchy should not be replaced by republicanism because politics in Britain today reflects continuity with the past. Traditional, aristo

38、cratic, and modern outlooks coexist and sometimes fuse. 只有君主制才能賦予這樣的連續(xù)性,在英國國民不斷變化的眼光中,它仍然是忠于職守,始終不變的。,Para 6,British monarchy has served both the empire and the commonwealth with great distinction.,Queen Elizabeth I

39、I,,She is the constitutional monarch of 16 sovereign states and their territories and dependencies, as well as head of the 53 member Commonwealth of Nations.,Queen Elizabeth II,,Para 7,Monarchy is threatened because the

40、 idea of republicanism seems more democratic and less overtly hierarchical.,Annus horribilis,Annus horribilis: a Latin phrase meaning horrible year, or alternatively, year of horrors,year of wonders.Annus Mirabilis: Joh

41、n Dryden’s poem, (1666: year of Plague and Fire of London) Horribilis:refers to Great Fire at Windsor Castle in 1992, when, coincidentally, Prince Charles and Princess Diana separated.,Camillagate and Squidgygate,The su

42、ffix “-gate” implies a scandal of some sort, involving a taped conversation (after “Watergate”). Camillagate:Camilla was a close female friend of Prince Charles; Squidgygate:Squigy was a former male friend of Princess

43、Diana. Both parties had private telephone conversation records released to the press.,,.VS.,Gone with the wind !,Translation,The public actions and statements of other members of the royal family---however laudable or d

44、istressing they may be---have no effects on the monarch’s power or status. (para. 7)皇室其它成員在公共場合的行為及演說--無論是值得稱贊的還是令人煩惱的--都對君主的權(quán)力或地位沒有任何影響,Para 8,Despite recent bursts of anti-monarchical feeling, however, it is still har

45、d to discover a strong movement toward a republic in this country.,Paraphrase,That people like things the way they are. In view of the current situation, (all this shows that) people like the general state of affairs to

46、day or rather, the existing system- the monarchy- in Britain.,Translation,in its call for a wider debate on this issue still advocated the retention of Queen Elizabeth as head of state until her death. (Par. 8) 呼吁在君主制去留

47、問題上做廣泛的討論時(shí)仍然提倡保留伊麗莎白女王作為國家元首直至她辭世,Question 1,What was Mr. Churchill's view on Britain's system of government? Do you agree with him? a. He thought it was the best that man had yet devised though it was imperfe

48、ct. b. Open.,Question 2,What role does Queen Elizabeth II play? Can she play a better role than an American president in a sense? Explain. a. She, as head of state, carries out ceremonial duties, and takes the poli

49、tical accountability while remaining above politics and taking no sides in any political debate. b. In the author's view, she can. An American president is also the leader of a political party, so he can't rem

50、ain above politics.,Question 3,What power does Queen Elizabeth II have? Does Her Majesty have the real power to choose a prime minister? Why or why not? a. She can choose a prime minister, dissolve Parliament and decl

51、are war. b. No. She is a figurehead bound by the tradition, constitution and laws of the nation. She does it on the advice of Parliament.,Question 4,If the monarchy were abolished, what would things in Britain be like

52、? The government, Parliament, nation, and Commonwealth would be turned upside down. Every nut and bolt of every one of Britain's major institutions would have to be altered to make way for change.,Question 5,Do yo

53、u know any scandals about some members of the royal family? Be specific. There are a couple of scandals involving the Queen ' s sister and children. Apart from Camillagate and Squidgygate, it was reported that

54、Princess Michael of Kent had an affair with oil tycoon John Ward Hunt, a relative of the fabulously wealthy Bunker Hunt of Houston, U. S. A.,Question 6,Why must the monarchy stay? Can it keep a politician from holding al

55、l the powers? Do you think the monarchy must go? State the reasons. a. In the author's view, it has served both the British Empire and the Commonwealth with great distinction. Besides, it is legitimate and accor

56、ds with traditions. b. Yes, it can, but it is not the monarchy but the parliamentary democracy that can keep a politician from holding all the powers and becoming a dictator. c. It depends. It is the British pe

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