study on the ecological awareness difference of tourists travelling in beijing

1、<p>　　Study on the Ecological Awareness Difference of Tourists Travelling in Beijing</p><p>　　Abstract. Through choosing the famous scenic spots such as Imperial Palace， Temple of Heaven， Wangfujing， an

2、d Olympic Park in Beijing and using the domestic and foreign tourists as study objects， the ecological awareness cognition and action differences among the tourists travelling in Beijing are found after questionnaire sur

3、vey， field interview， data processing and comprehensive analysis， thus providing a reference for scenic spots to train the ecological awareness and ecological actions with </p><p>　　Key words： Ecological Awa

4、reness； Tourists； Differences； Beijing </p><p>　　1. Introduction </p><p>　　The tourism industry has become one of the backbone industries of China's economic development. Beijing is the capi

5、tal of China， the center of the national politics， culture and international communication， but also one of the famous historical and cultural cities and ancient capitals in the world. The number of tourists and the tour

6、ism revenue in Beijing rank first all over the country. The tourism industry is a very important backbone industry of Beijing， but has also exerted negative effects </p><p>　　2.Analysis on the Concept of Eco

7、logical Awareness </p><p>　　Ecological awareness， also known as environmental awareness， mainly refers to a set of ideas produced by people for seeking a harmony between human and nature. </p><p&g

8、t;　　Ecological awareness is a sum of human's attitudes and action tendencies protecting and respecting nature and environment when enjoying or utilizing natural resources. How tourists as the main body of tourism act

9、ivities cultivate ecological awareness and subsequently produce ecological actions according to their willingness characteristics is particularly important for the protection of the environment. </p><p>　　3.

10、Current Situation， Methods and Questionnaire </p><p>　　Design of Study </p><p>　　3.1 Current Situation of Study </p><p>　　In the studies on ecological awareness （environmental aware

11、ness）， high importance is attached by western scholars on to the intension， concepts， index systems and measurement methods of ecological awareness. However， the domestic studies on ecological awareness （environmental aw

12、areness） are mostly based on two aspects （i.e. ecological philosophy and the concept system of ecological tourism）. In this study， starting from data concept system， pluralistic sub-item design and multi-method fusion ex

13、p</p><p>　　In this study， the domestic and foreign tourists travelling in Beijing were used as study objects （matrixes） and Imperial Palace， Temple of Heaven， Wangfujing， and Olympic Park were selected as st

14、udy samples. Then， by following the principle of consistent concept system and measuring method， multiple question forms such as single-choice， Likert willingness scale， multi-choice， and self-choice were designed. In De

15、cember 2008 （non-peak travel period，） the tourists （including Beijing citizens） trav</p><p>　　3.3 Selection of Samples </p><p>　　The sampling error between matrixes and samples is allowed by soc

16、ial science to be in 1%-5%. In this study， it was assumed that the error was 5%. Then， in the condition of a trust standard of 95%， the number of the required preliminary samples was 384 according to the calculation with

17、 the formula○1. </p><p>　　In the above formula， n was the number of samples； C was the standard difference of reliability； the value of C in the confidence interval of 95% was 1.96 （i.e. 95%C=1.96）； A was th

18、e tetragonal percentage of characteristic variation and its value was 0.5 here； E was allowable error and its value was 5%； N was the final number of samples； M was the total number of matrixes. </p><p>　　Ta

19、ble 1： Composition of the indexes of questionnaire's main body </p><p>　　Based on the formula ○1， the number of preliminary samples was 384. The number of sampling samples was solved to be 384 through su

20、bstituting the average monthly number （matrix） of tourists in Beijing in 2008 and the 1.41 million person-times （i.e. M value， the sum of domestic and foreign person-times， as shown in table 2） into the formula ○2. Consi

21、dering the errors caused by questionnaire refusing answer rate （Q）， invalid questionnaire rate （L） and other objective factors， Q + L + B ≈ 10% was es</p><p>　　Table 2： Statistics on the number of tourists l

22、odging in five-star hotels of Beijing in 2008 </p><p>　　3.4 Questionnaire Design </p><p>　　In this study， through the cognitive attitude and action tendency of tourists toward relevant problems

23、of ecological awareness， the ecological awareness and characteristics of tourists traveling in Beijing were analyzed from the cognition， attitude and action tendency. The main composition of questionnaire includes four p

24、arts （the cognition on tourism environment knowledge， the attitude toward tourism environment， the evaluation on tourism environment， and environmental actions）， as shown in tab</p><p>　　4. Data Analysis <

25、;/p><p>　　4.1 Analysis Methods </p><p>　　In this study， the investigated data was processed and analyzed mainly with social science statistical software SPSS16.0 and Microsoft Office Excel 2003， an

26、d the distribution attributes and features of samples were descriptively counted through ○1 descriptive analysis； internal consistency analysis was made， the consistency between the same-level indexes and whether data co

27、mplied with the general reliability test requirements were measured through ○2 reliability analysis； the source of factor di</p><p>　　4.2 Analysis Result </p><p>　　4.2.1 Descriptive Analysis <

28、;/p><p>　　4.2.1.1 Statistical Analysis of the Basic Attributes of Tourists </p><p>　　In the investigated samples， the basic attributes of tourists are as shown in table 3. </p><p>　　Fr

29、om the above table， it can be seen that the proportion of the tourists of 18-24 years old was 29.53%， and the proportion of vocational college students was 25.31%， logically suggesting the data investigation was reasonab

30、le. </p><p>　　4.2.1.2 Cognitive Analysis of Tourists Tourism Environment </p><p>　　Statistical results showed that in the cognition on tourism environment knowledge， three items （environmental p

31、roblem in essence is not an economic and social development problem， scenic resources are not inexhaustible， and the world's environment day is June 5） were the most highly cognized from 403 valid samples， and attain

32、ed 3.45， 3.44， and 3.38 scores respectively， suggesting most tourists have possessed a certain amount of environmental knowledge on the negative effects of environmental pro</p><p>　　In the cognition on tour

33、ism environmental evaluation， 67.2% of tourists thought the responsibilities of protecting the environment of scenic spots should be commonly undertaken with government， tourists and local residents. </p><p>

34、;　　4.2.2 Reliability Analysis </p><p>　　In this study， the consistency between the same-level sub-items was analyzed with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and F-test （F was used for the variance analysis of

35、repeated measure）. The results showed that the reliability coefficients of five sub-items （not including sub-item A6） were lower than 0.711， suggesting the sub-items of tourism environment knowledge except A6 were with c

36、ertain reliability. The reliability coefficient of 0.711 suggests that the ability of this scale to acquire true scor</p><p>　　4.2.3 Analysis of the Ecological Willingness Expressing Characteristics of Diffe

37、rent Groups </p><p>　　Sampling investigation data showed that tourists of different attributes were different in the willingness expression of different investigation sub-items； in different occupations， the

38、 cognition levels of tourists on environmental knowledge from high to low were ordered as "retired persons>students>scientific and technical personnel>company employees and workers>civil servants> <

39、;/p><p>　　merchants"； different traveling costs showed that the identities on scenic spot environment knowledge and the traveling costs were substantially consistent； in family structure， the cognition lev

40、els on environment knowledge from high to low were ordered as "husband and wife family with child>husband and wife family without child>other>single"， suggesting the willingness of parents to spiritual

41、ly value knowledge and quality before children； in living places and family incomes， the cognition level</p><p>　　5. Conclusion and Suggestion </p><p>　　Study results showed that the investigate

42、d objects were differently in ecological awareness cognition and ecological action willingness expression to some extent. However， this difference keeps consistent with people's psychological/physical characteristics

43、 and their living environments. Therefore， it is necessary for scenic spots， social public management departments and promotion organizations to make segmentation on the grouping characteristics of tourists according to

44、the ecological awarenes</p><p>　　1.Zhijia Zhou. Environmental Awareness Research： Current Situation， Difficulties， and Solutions [J]. Journal of Xiamen University （Arts & Social Sciences）， 2008 （4）：19-26

45、. </p><p>　　2.Zhiyong Bai. Social Ecology Awareness and Its Influence on the Development of Modern Science and Technology [J]. Journal of Central South Forestry University， 2003， Vol.23 No.6：54-56. </p>

46、;<p>　　3.Hongyan Liu， Jinhai Zhang. Study on the Influences of Tourism Disturbance on ECotinus Coggygria Forest of Xiangshan [J]. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica， 1997， 21（2）： 191-196. </p><p>　　4.Kelly C

47、L， Pickering C M， Buckley R C. Impacts of Tourism on Threatened Plant Taxa and Communities in Australia [J]. Ecological Management & Restoration， 2003， 4（1）： 37-44. </p><p>　　5.Xiaolin Wang， Ruixi Weng.

48、Study on Ecological Community Awareness and Environmental Attitude of Urban Community Residents [M]. Collection of the Papers at the Release Meeting of the Fifth Landscape and Environmental Planning and Design Research R

49、esults， pp.106-122.2004. </p><p>　　6.Baiqing Wang， Jinxiong Hou. Study on the Types of the Environmental Attitudes of Tourists toward Guandu Wet Land [J]. Journal of Tourism Studies， 1995.Vol.1， No.4： pp.1-2

50、0. </p><p>　　7.Jingyi Weng. Study on the Willingness and Ways of Ecological Community Residents to Participate in Community Eco-tourism [Master's Thesis]. Chaoyang University of Technology （Taiwan）， 2007