research on the gatekeeper theory of media production criticism

1、<p>　　Research on the Gatekeeper Theory of Media Production Criticism</p><p>　　Abstract. Media Production criticism is an important part of the media criticism. Media production and criticism uses vario

2、us forms of media， such as news， reviews， and other carriers to reflect. The media production is constrained by a number of factors； the text is analyzed from the perspective of the news gatekeepers elaborate. </p>

3、<p>　　Key words： Gatekeeper； Media production； Manufacturing news </p><p>　　1.Introduction </p><p>　　The gatekeeper’s theory， also known as the gatekeeper （Gate Keeper） theory， scholars g

4、enerally believed by the Communication founder of Lewin （Kurt Lewin） In fact， the gatekeeper concept was first out of a book the psychological ecology "（Psychological Ecology） 1943 Lewin's writings. The Lewin st

5、udy the impact of war on the people， especially in wartime housewives buys food habits. In the study of things source， he proposed channel theory （channel theory）， is things step by step through the diff</p><p

6、>　　The so-called "gatekeeper" refers to individuals or groups that have recently or out of a certain kind of thing. The gatekeeper theory is that the media in the information transfer process， the major role

7、 of the filter. In terms of news， the news agency decided to release the news， the news represents just a small portion； readers read in the newspaper last news， news agency released only a small part of the news. So， le

8、t the reader know what， do not know what the media play a decisive role. </p><p>　　In 1947， Lewin explains the theory of "gatekeeper" in the channels of group life again. Lewin gatekeeper theory ha

9、s the following points： Lewin's "gatekeeper" concept is built on a "channel theory" based on. Because things sports channels， and the channel is not flat and smooth， there are a variety of hurdles

10、， namely the "gatekeeper". Lewin believes the "gatekeeper" behavior varied， but eventually to master. "Gatekeeper" is actually studying the factors that cause the gatekeeper to make a decisi

11、</p><p>　　In 1955， Dr. Warren Breed of Columbia University in order to study the social control of news， interviews with about 120 newspaper staff. Editing within the bureaucracy and the actual process in th

12、e newsroom social control pointed out： The reporter must to edit the requirements for the final bottom line message final adoption by the editor or responsible for people， as well as control of the media and political in

13、stitutions to the decision and pointed out that the editorial policy is reflected i</p><p>　　In 1969， scholars Bass took a "gatekeeper" study； he issued a document of "Journalism Quarterly：&qu

14、ot; White， the so-called 'gatekeeper' inconsistent with the original intent of the Lewin. Referred because is a small group， of an object directly holds the right to decide whether to allow the use of this group，

15、 dispatch， edit a selection of ready-made press release， is not a true' gatekeeper 'Bath news from the point of view of the source angle of view， the news flow process is divided into two phases</p><p&

16、gt;　　In 1980， Gertrude Joch Robinson through the investigation of Yugoslavia， a news agency obtained a few points about the message control theory： "First， the organization of the internal and external factors const

17、itutes an echo each other relationship news selection. Second， through the influence of the selection of the news to cause the impact of the needs of the audience groups. Third， within the control relationship has been f

18、ormed in the form of the production planning. Fourth， and the obtained</p><p>　　2. Gatekeepers Case Study </p><p>　　The gatekeeper’s case study is a professor of journalism at Boston University，

19、 by the case study of the trade-offs of an editing news agency dispatch. This research report entitled "Watchmen： news selection case study" （The Gatekeeper： A Case Study on the Selection of News）. </p>

20、<p>　　White’s study selected a 40-year-old middle-aged man in his early 25's news business experience， served as a reporter and editor， the sophistication of the industrial city in the Midwestern United States a

21、 100，000 population as a telecommunications edit large circulation of about 30，000 copies daily. The purpose of this study is to determine some preliminary comments. The editor of three news agencies decides why choose o

22、r do not turn on the "gatekeeper" role in the field of mass communication i</p><p>　　The study found that the subject of news about could be divided into 13 categories： crime， disasters， political

23、（divided into state and national）， human interest， international （divided into political， economic， war）， labors， the country （divided into agriculture， economy， education， science）. Door Mr. highest adopted the rate of

24、human interest， accounting for 23.2%， followed by the national political， accounting for 15.8%， using the lowest rate of crime news， accounting for 3.2%. The study foun</p><p>　　A week later， the man answers

25、 the Mr. White's question， the answers are as follows： </p><p>　　Does the News category affect your choice of news？ </p><p>　　He answered： News category certainly affects my choice of news.

26、Crime news and car news as a warning. The humane News to promote human compassion， and can establish the behavior of a model. Economic News provides intelligence to some readers， first to others. I choose not strictly re

27、quires balancing， but try to diversify. News category displays certain groups interested in some kind of news， such as teachers， workers， and professionals. Newswires electric pick impossible ideas to keep a strict b<

28、/p><p>　　Mr. Door answered： I have some prejudices are no alternative. I do not like the economic policies of Truman， daylight savings time， there is no ice beer， but I still kind of news. There are other thing

29、s， as long as I am only not give some space. I am also opposed to the headquarters in Rome， has been seeking the release of free publicity minorities， I cannot give them much help. In addition， I prefer to write at the e

30、nd of a good news， and modify to fit our needs （or to tend to our editorial pol</p><p>　　You select the news for readers， what do you think is the concept of the reader？ Your cognitive readers with an averag

31、e of wisdom are what kind of person？ </p><p>　　Mr. answered： our readers are seen as people with an average of wisdom， and a variety of interests and to the door. I know the wisdom of some of our readers in

32、four universities in the region， more than the average. And lower educational standards. Anyway， I will be when they adult look， have some common interests. I believe that they are entitled to make news of interest to th

33、em， including their thoughts and interactive news， as well as some of the high speed of their world， the news of what ha</p><p>　　Do you have a special theme or writing test， used to help you decide to choos

34、e specific news？ </p><p>　　Mr. Door answered： When I make a choice when I know the only theme or writing test， including clear， concise， viewpoints. I have said， some news of their role of vigilance， moral o

35、r lesson. But I do not want to list these reasons as a test of the subject matter or writing style. Clarity has to judge the scale of news， the same news， when I taste a third of the manuscript. The news is another optio

36、n length factor. The news out of breath long， usually discarded， unless it can cut just combined. </p><p>　　White through the Mr. Door’s analysis the following conclusions： the right to decision message of t

37、rade-offs， like this door， Mr. "gatekeeper" in the process of information transfer. </p><p>　　3. Manufacture News Study </p><p>　　Make the news， also known as the production of news， t

38、he 1970s wave of academic research on media production and criticism； it perpetuates the academic nature of media organizations and workflow since the 1950s， as well as to the media content from the media effects charact

39、eristic research， organizational factors and lead to the study of the causes of these characteristics. </p><p>　　American scholar Gaye Tuchman in his book， "to do News - Reality Construction knowledge&q

40、uot; （Making News） answer journalists how to decide what news is， from a theoretical perspective？ Why do they only report certain facts without reporting some facts？ Journalists how to decide we want to know what？ "

41、 He pointed out that by analyzing the behavior of the news production is a construction of reality itself， rather than a realistic image Construction. News is the framework， and news is a constructed r</p><p&g

42、t;　　Tuchman said： "News is a window that people understand the world." But the news is not a realistic image of the construct； it is the construction of reality itself， or the framework of the real world. He al

43、so believes that： "with any framework to depict the world as the news the framework itself also has its own problems window to show the vision depends on the size of the window pane how much light and shade of the w

44、indow glass and windows toward greet street or facing the backyard this vision </p><p>　　From a spatial perspective， he believes that the news is a network rather than a blanket. News into the production pro

45、cess is not a blanket， because the news never exhaustive contains all events. The news production process made the network， this is because of the news production angle， the position of selection， such as different netwo

46、rk size， the angle and intensity of the nets， and so on， that is news in the production process of news organizations， such as the editorial department will caref</p><p>　　From the time perspective， Tuchman

47、answer under the provisions of the period at the time of this writing， the reporter how the material classification， processing， and ultimately produce works of journalism. In the specific news production process， he fur

48、ther analysis of news typed， the relationship between reporters and editors initiative， journalistic professionalism， news sources， news facts， as well as news formulation. Finally， he pointed out that "the news is

49、about the story of the social </p><p>　　The news is the construction of reality. The framework of the theory is usually considered Goffman first proposed. He pointed out that in the framework of analysis peo

50、ple is through the framework of cognitive understanding of the community， its formation and existence of objective existence. The framework of the theory on the one hand to assist people to think or organize information，

51、 on the other hand， it has also become the main source of the ideology or stereotype. 　　Framework has two meanin</p><p>　　"Media framework is the principle - to deliberately emphasize interpretation an

52、d rendering symbols media producers conventionally used to organize and discourse in this context， the media framework to help journalists is fast and routinely handle the large number of different and even contradictory

53、 information， and they suit together. Thus it has become an important institutionalized part of the mass media text encoding in some framework， but may be in the audience decoding formation play a key </p><p&g

54、t;　　References </p><p>　　1.Huangdan， Gatekeeper and its evolution [J]， International press， 1996 （4） </p><p>　　2.Li Hongyan. The gatekeeper theory research new perspective [J]， "Press"

55、， 2005 （2） </p><p>　　3.Gaye Tuchman， Learn about the real construction asked [M]. Beijing， China Press， 2008 </p><p>　　4.Hong Yu， Network current affairs forum with the leaders of public opinion

56、 research - a powerful community "Sino-Japanese Forum [M]， Huazhong University of Science and Technology Press， 2010 </p><p>　　5.Gaye Tuchman， Learn about the reality constructed asked [M] Beijing， Chin