大型冶金起重機(jī)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的研究畢業(yè)課程設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯、中英文翻譯、外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Available online at www.sciencedirect.com</p><p>　　Procedia Engineering 24 (2011) 783 – 787</p><p>　　2011 International Conference on Advances in Engineering</p><p>　　The

2、 Research on Optimal Design of Large Metallurgical Crane</p><p>　　Xianwen Wua, Bo Chena , Dan Zhanga, Jian Lib,a*</p><p>　　aSichuan Engineering Technical College,DeYang618000,China</p>&l

3、t;p>　　dChina Second Heavy Industrial Group Corporation,DeYang618000,China</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　According to the application, structure and technical requirements of 3

4、20/50t-22m large quenching crane, the general structure and hoisting mechanism of crane were optimized, the main technical parameters of crane were calculated. The key issues in the design were discussed. The references

5、on the future design and calculation of similar cranes were provided. The paper has some application value.</p><p>　　© 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.</p>&

6、lt;p>　　Selection and/or peer-review under responsibility of ICAE2011.</p><p>　　Keywords:Metallurgical Crane, Optimization, General structure, Hoisting mechanism.</p><p>　　Introduction</p&g

7、t;<p>　　Metallurgical crane is a kind of lifting equipment. It is always used in these departments, for example, casting sector, forging departments, quenching sector, metallurgy sector. With the development of po

8、wer generation equipment, petroleum, chemicals, heavy machinery and higher quality requirements of users for large forgings, both of heat treatment technology and equipment are needed a corresponding increase. In additio

9、n, the size of quenching crane used for lifting heavy forgings is also incr</p><p>　　Key technical features of crane</p><p>　　According to the working principle of metallurgical crane and design

10、 requirements, design handbooks for crane were consulted, key technical features of crane were gotten as follows.</p><p>　　* Corresponding author. Tel.: 13678389985 E-mail address: wuxianwen01@163.com</p&

11、gt;<p>　　1877-7058 © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Open access under CC BY-NC-ND license.</p><p>　　doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.2737</p><p>　　Lifting capacity</p><p>　

12、　Main hook: 320[t]; Auxiliary hook: 50[t].</p><p>　　Span Lk=22[m].</p><p>　　) Lifting height</p><p>　　Main hook: 23[m]；Auxiliary hook:24[m].</p><p>　　Rated working spe

13、ed</p><p>　　Key Lifting Mechanism of main hook:16 [ m/min]；</p><p>　　Key Lifting Mechanism of auxiliary hook:19.6 [m/min]；</p><p>　　Trolley travelling speed:26 [m/min]；Crane travell

14、ing speed:41 [m/min].</p><p>　　Limit position</p><p>　　Distance between the center of main hook and the rail surface of crane: 2000[m]. Distance between the center of auxiliary hook and the rail

15、 surface of crane: 1000[m].</p><p>　　Design standard and principle</p><p>　　In view of applying working condition and working requirements of metallurgical crane, hoisting capacity, price and sp

16、eed must be considered. So the standards GB3811-83 specification for crane design, the standards GB6067-85 specification for crane safety and the standards JB5898-91 specification for metallurgical crane must be abided d

17、uring design process [2]. There are some considered factors, such as surface treatment of steel structure, electrical system protection and operation mode. Electr</p><p>　　General structure of the crane</

18、p><p>　　320/50t bridge crane is a quenching crane which combines with large scale work-piece to do for the hardening treatment, at the same time, and it can be used as hoisting equipment for large parts. This c

19、rane consists mainly of a trolley, the bridge frame, the travelling mechanism of the larger traveler, the overload safety protection device, the driver cab,the maintenance chamber, the trolley power chamber, the drying-

20、oil lubricating device, the electrical system. The structure of crane is as sh</p><p>　?、?Trolley Power Supply ②-Maintenance room ③-Driver room ④-Trolley ⑤Bridge ⑥-Gantry Fig.1 Main components of metallurgic

21、al crane</p><p><b>　　Trolley</b></p><p>　　A trolley consists mainly of a trolley frame, master-slave hoisting mechanism, wheeling mechanism, and 320/50t subassembly of hanger which i

22、s shown in Fig.2. Every main beam and end beam of trolley frame are both for box-section beam structure. Trolley frame for assembled structures has sufficient strength and rigidity, on the other hand, it must be certain

23、that their connections are safe and reliable. Trolley frame deformation when it acted by load should be without influence in their normal wo</p><p>　　①-320t Hook group ②-50t Hook group ③-trolley travelling m

24、echanism ④-Main lifting mechanism</p><p>　?、?Trolley frame ⑥-Auxiliary lifting mechanism</p><p>　　Fig.2 Car of metallurgical crane</p><p>　　Master hoisting mechanism</p><

25、p>　　Four ordinary motors separately drive four drums via gear reducer and realize mechanical synchronous for four drums by combining high-speed synchronous shaft with the two-motor synchronous system.</p><p

26、>　　Slave hoisting mechanism</p><p>　　A motor drives twin-drum via gear reducer. The winding system is linked to winding drum groups, fixed pulley groups and mobile pulley groups through the rope.</p>

27、;<p>　　Four groups of disk brakes are used by master hoisting mechanism, but two-part hydraulic thruster brake is used by slave hoisting mechanism. The winding drum is made by steel plate with rolling-welding</

28、p><p>　　procedure. The rolled wheel flange pulley is used. The motor of medium hard tooth surface with double input and double output is utilized. Wheeling mechanism of trolley</p><p>　　The central

29、ized driving method of trolley’s wheeling mechanism is 1/4 duty. Motors drive two wheels via vertical gear reducer which is fixed on the trolley [4].</p><p>　　The motor is linked to the gear reducer through

30、full tooth couplings. The connection between gear reducer and wheel is realized by cross-axle universal shaft couplings. Angle-closure bearing box is used by wheel groups. Double-flange cylindrical tread type is used by

31、wheels. The type of hydraulic thruster brake is block. The type of vertical gear reducer is QJ and has middle hard gear-face.</p><p>　　Safety protection</p><p>　　Master-slave hoisting mechanism

32、has position limitation protection switch and over-speed protection switch. The overload restrictor is set under the balancing arm of master-slave hoisting mechanism, and a suggestive alarm can send out when the rating l

33、oad is 90%. In addition, hoisting mechanism can only decrease when the rating load is 105%.</p><p>　　One rotary encoder is each installed on the low speed axial of two gear reducers to detect synchronization

34、 of low speed axial. The practical production shows that the synchronization error of low speed axial of two gear reducers is more than 5% on the start, the motor is immediately made to stop running.</p><p>

35、　　Design calculation of key Lifting Mechanism of crane</p><p>　　Calculation of maximum static pulling force of wire rope</p><p><b>　　S ?Q</b></p><p><b>　　2myy1<

36、;/b></p><p><b>　　(1)</b></p><p>　　Q1 -Weight of hoisting load ( Q1 ??320[t] );</p><p>　　m - multiplying power of pulley block ( m ?12 );</p><p>　　y1 - Ef

37、ficiency of pulley block ( y1 ??0.95 );</p><p>　　Q2 -Deadweight of spreader( Q2 ??30[t] );</p><p>　　Q ??Q1 ??Q2 ;</p><p>　　y2 - Efficiency of guide pulley ( y2 ??0.98 );</p>

38、;<p>　　The result of S</p><p>　　is 15.66[t].</p><p>　　Selection of wire rope</p><p>　　The maximal broken pulling force must be satisfied the following conditions through Eq.2

39、.</p><p>　　Smax ??n S</p><p><b>　　(2)</b></p><p>　　The type of wire rope is 44ZAA6×36SW+IWR1670ZS which the broken pulling force of this wire rope is 117.2[t]. The

40、 actual safety coefficient of wire rope is 7.5 [5].</p><p>　　Calculation of drum length</p><p>　　Effective length of drum can be calculated through Eq.3.</p><p><b>　　Hm</b&

41、gt;</p><p><b>　　L0 ??(?D</b></p><p><b>　　n) ??t</b></p><p><b>　　(3)</b></p><p>　　H - Maximal lifting height ( H ??23.5[m] );</p&

42、gt;<p>　　m - Multiplying power of single group pulley block ( m ??6 );</p><p>　　t - Pitch of rope groove ( t ??49[m] );</p><p>　　n - Safety cycle number ( n ??3 ).</p><p>　　T

43、he whole length is calculated through Eq.4.</p><p>　　L ??L1 ??L2 ??L0</p><p><b>　　(4)</b></p><p>　　L1 - Length of polished rod ( L1 ??326[mm] ); L2 -Fixed length of wire

44、 rope ( L2 ?147[mm] ). So the whole length of drum is 2300[mm].</p><p>　　Furthermore, roll strength and stability need to be calculated by the corresponding equations. The type of main lifting motor is YZR4

45、50L1-8, its rotary speed is 742[r/min] and its power is 475[KW]. The torque of main lifting gearbox is 3.55[KNm], and its drive ratio is 31.7. The type of main lifting brake is TEXU500-C.</p><p>　　Conclusion

46、s</p><p>　　According to application, structural features of the quenching crane, related technical documents, and specific national standards, main technical parameters of the quenching crane were designed a

47、nd calculated. At present, the crane has been in the efficient operation in the heat treatment plant of an enterprise. This development of 320t quenching crane met the development needs of enterprise production. A guidel

48、ine and reference for the future design of similar cranes were provided .The paper h</p><p>　　References</p><p>　　[1] Rangwala S C. Enginneering Materials. Charotor Book stoll, 1980:145-147</

49、p><p>　　[2] Zhang Meijuan, Lu Yaofu, Jin Jian, et a1. Application of once molding construction method of concrete with Bailey crane and large steel formwork to Caoejiang Sluice, Water Resources and Hydropower E

50、ngineering, 2007:368-378</p><p>　　[3] Wang xin, Wei Shangwu. Hidden Trouble of the Generator Used in Frame Crane and Improvement on It, Electrical Machinery Technology, 2006:667-670</p><p>　　[4]

51、 Jackrit Suthakornl. Anti-Swing Control of Suspended Loads on Shipboard Robotic Cranes. American Control Conference. 1 999:332-336</p><p>　　[5] Vaha, P., Pieska S., Timonen E.. Robotization of an Off shore C

52、ontainer Crane. Technical Research Center of Finland.</p><p>　　1988:637-648</p><p>　　2011年國(guó)際會(huì)議上的發(fā)展工程</p><p>　　大型冶金起重機(jī)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的研究</p><p>　　Xianwen Wu a， Bo Chen a ， Dan Zhan

53、g a， Jian Li b，a*</p><p>　　a中國(guó)四川德陽市618000四川工程職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院</p><p>　　b中國(guó)四川德陽市618000中國(guó)第二重型工業(yè)集團(tuán)公司</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　　根據(jù)此應(yīng)用程序，320/50t-22m大型淬火起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)和技術(shù)要求，起重機(jī)

54、的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和起重機(jī)制進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化，對(duì)起重機(jī)的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)中的關(guān)鍵問題進(jìn)行了研討。為未來的類似起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)和計(jì)算提供了參考。此論文具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。</p><p>　　2011年由Elsevier Ltd.出版，在CC BY-NC-ND 許可下公開訪問</p><p>　　ICAE2011負(fù)責(zé)選擇及同行評(píng)審</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：冶金起重機(jī)、

55、優(yōu)化、總體結(jié)構(gòu)、起重機(jī)制。</p><p><b>　　1 簡(jiǎn)介</b></p><p>　　冶金起重機(jī)是一種起重設(shè)備。它通常被用于這些部門，例如鑄造行業(yè)、鍛造部門、淬火行業(yè)、冶金行業(yè)。隨著發(fā)電設(shè)備的發(fā)展，石油、化工和重型機(jī)械以及用戶對(duì)于大型鍛件的質(zhì)量要求越來越高，熱處理技術(shù)和設(shè)備都需要有相應(yīng)的提升。另外，用于起重重型鍛件的淬火起重機(jī)的大小也需要加大。因?yàn)椋慊鹌鹬?/p>

56、機(jī)的重量很重以及淬火起重機(jī)的制造更加復(fù)雜， 在設(shè)計(jì)上具有較高的技術(shù)難度。因此，在中國(guó)320/50t大小的淬火起重機(jī)是相當(dāng)?shù)拇?。起重機(jī)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)和起重機(jī)制的優(yōu)化討論如下。</p><p>　　2 起重機(jī)的主要技術(shù)特點(diǎn)</p><p>　　根據(jù)冶金起重機(jī)的工作原理和設(shè)計(jì)要求，編寫了起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)。起重機(jī)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)特點(diǎn)如下。</p><p><b>　?。?

57、）起重能力</b></p><p>　　主要看點(diǎn)：320[t]；輔助鉤：50[t]。</p><p>　?。?）范圍長(zhǎng)度= 22[m]。</p><p>　　（3）舉升高度主鉤：23[m]， 副鉤：24[m]。</p><p>　　（4）額定工作速度起重機(jī)制的主鉤：16(m/min)；起重機(jī)制的副鉤：19.6(m/min)

58、；小車運(yùn)行速度：26(m/min)；起重機(jī)運(yùn)行速度：41(m/min)。</p><p>　?。?）極限位置主鉤的中心到起重機(jī)的軌面距離為：2000[m]。副鉤中心和起重機(jī)的軌面距離為：1000[m]。</p><p>　　3 設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和原則</p><p>　　對(duì)冶金起重機(jī)的工作應(yīng)用的條件和工作需求，托舉載荷和價(jià)格及速度必須要考慮。GB3811–83標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)

59、范了起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)，GB6067-85標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范了起重機(jī)的安全，JB5898-91標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范了冶金起重機(jī)，所以在設(shè)計(jì)過程中這些規(guī)范必須被遵守[2]。有一些需要考慮的因素，如鋼結(jié)構(gòu)表面處理，電力系統(tǒng)保護(hù)和操作模式。電氣控制模式是通過變頻器來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。起重機(jī)橋的計(jì)算，選擇整個(gè)起重機(jī)的布局方案模型證明的計(jì)算和通過條件的方法計(jì)算或類比的分析方法，去實(shí)現(xiàn)整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算。這種用于計(jì)算危險(xiǎn)界面內(nèi)力的機(jī)械方法用于結(jié)構(gòu)上。通過容許應(yīng)力發(fā)或者極限狀態(tài)法設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)橫截面

60、和檢查強(qiáng)度和剛度為了優(yōu)化起重機(jī)的總體設(shè)計(jì)[3]。</p><p>　　4 總體結(jié)構(gòu)的起重機(jī)</p><p>　　320/50t橋式起重機(jī)是一種結(jié)合大型做硬化處理的淬火起重機(jī)，與此同時(shí)，它可以用作大型起重設(shè)備部分。起重機(jī)主要由電車，橋架，更大的行駛機(jī)制，過載安全保護(hù)裝置，司機(jī)駕駛室，維護(hù)室，電車電力室，干油潤(rùn)滑設(shè)備，電氣系統(tǒng)。起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)，如圖1所示。</p><p&g

61、t;　?、匐娷嚬╇娧b置②維護(hù)房間③司機(jī)室④電車⑤橋⑥龍門</p><p>　　圖1冶金起重機(jī)的主要組件</p><p><b>　　4.1 電車</b></p><p>　　小車主要由小車框架，從動(dòng)起重機(jī)制，旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制，320/50t懸掛器的組件如圖2所示。每一個(gè)小車框架的主橫梁和端梁都是箱形斷面梁結(jié)構(gòu)。電車框架組裝結(jié)構(gòu)有足夠的強(qiáng)度和剛度，另一面

62、，必須確定其連接安全可靠。當(dāng)它載荷時(shí)，電車框架變形不影響它們的正常工作。</p><p>　?、?320 t鉤組②-50 t鉤組③電車行駛機(jī)制④主要起重機(jī)制⑤電車框架⑥輔助起重機(jī)制</p><p><b>　　圖2汽車冶金起重機(jī)</b></p><p><b>　　主起重機(jī)制</b></p><p&g

63、t;　　通過齒輪減速器，四個(gè)普通電機(jī)分別驅(qū)動(dòng)四個(gè)滾輪并實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械同步為了在兩個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)同步系統(tǒng)中四滾輪結(jié)合高速同步軸。</p><p><b>　　從動(dòng)起重機(jī)制</b></p><p>　　通過減速器電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)雙滾輪。圈繞系統(tǒng)通過繩子連接圈繞滾輪組件，固定滾輪組件和移動(dòng)滾輪組件。</p><p>　　主起重機(jī)制，采用四組磁盤制動(dòng)裝置，但從動(dòng)起重機(jī)制

64、采用兩部分液壓推進(jìn)器制動(dòng)裝置。圈繞滾輪在滾動(dòng)焊接過程中采用鋼板成分。使用旋轉(zhuǎn)邊緣滾輪。采用雙輸入雙輸出的中等硬度齒輪面電動(dòng)機(jī)，旋轉(zhuǎn)電車機(jī)制。集中驅(qū)動(dòng)電車的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)制的方法是1/4制。電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)兩個(gè)輪子通過固定在電車上的垂直齒輪減速器[4]。</p><p>　　電動(dòng)機(jī)與減速器連接通過完整的齒聯(lián)軸器。齒輪減速機(jī)和齒輪之間的聯(lián)系通過十字通用聯(lián)軸器來實(shí)現(xiàn)。車輪組采用閉角型軸承箱。輪子采用雙邊緣外圓面類型。限制液壓推進(jìn)器制動(dòng)

65、類型。立式齒輪減速器的類型是QJ和有中等硬度的齒輪表面。</p><p><b>　　4.2 安全保護(hù)</b></p><p>　　主從起重機(jī)制有位置限制開關(guān)和超速保護(hù)開關(guān)。超載限制器設(shè)置在主從起重機(jī)構(gòu)的平衡臂下，當(dāng)負(fù)載率到達(dá)90%時(shí)提示報(bào)警。另外，當(dāng)負(fù)載率到達(dá)105%時(shí)起重機(jī)制只能減速。每次安裝都要安裝一個(gè)旋轉(zhuǎn)器在低速軸上的兩個(gè)齒輪減速機(jī)中用于檢測(cè)低速軸的同步。實(shí)際

66、生產(chǎn)表明， 在開始階段兩個(gè)齒輪減速機(jī)低速軸向同步誤差超過5%，電機(jī)立即停止運(yùn)行。</p><p>　　5 起重機(jī)的關(guān)鍵升降機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算</p><p>　　5.1 計(jì)算最大靜態(tài)鋼絲繩的拉力</p><p>　　Q1-起重負(fù)載重量（Q = 320[t]）；Q2-傳輸截止重量（Q = 30[t]）</p><p>　　m-滾輪組的復(fù)合力(m

67、*12 )； Q*Q1*Q2；</p><p>　　y1-滾輪組的效率（y1 *0.95）； y2-導(dǎo)向輪的效率（y2 * 0.98）；</p><p>　　S的結(jié)果等于15.66[t].</p><p><b>　　5.2選擇鋼絲繩</b></p><p>　　最大斷裂的拉力必須滿足下列公式2的條件。</

68、p><p>　　鋼絲繩的類型是44ZAA6×36SW+IWR1670ZS這個(gè)鋼絲繩的斷裂拉力是117.2[t]。鋼絲繩的安全系數(shù)是7.5[5]。</p><p><b>　　5.3滾輪長(zhǎng)度計(jì)算</b></p><p>　　滾輪有效長(zhǎng)度通過公式3計(jì)算</p><p>　　H-最大上升高度( H = 23.5[m] )

69、；</p><p>　　m-單組滾輪組的復(fù)合力(m * 6 )；</p><p>　　t-繩槽的深度(t=49[m] )；</p><p>　　n-安全周期數(shù)(n=3)；</p><p>　　通過公式4可以算出整個(gè)繩子長(zhǎng)度。</p><p>　　L1-拋光桿的長(zhǎng)度（L = 326[m ]）</p><

70、;p>　　L2-鋼絲繩的固定長(zhǎng)度（L2=147[m ]）；</p><p>　　所以整個(gè)滾筒的長(zhǎng)度是2300[mm]；</p><p>　　此外，軋輥強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性需要相應(yīng)的計(jì)算方程。主要起重電動(dòng)機(jī)的類型是YZR450L1-8。其轉(zhuǎn)速742 [r / min]和它的功率是475千瓦。主要起重變速箱的扭矩是3.55(KNm)，其傳動(dòng)比為31.7。主要起重制動(dòng)的類型是TEXU500-C。&

71、lt;/p><p><b>　　6 結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　根據(jù)應(yīng)用程序，淬火起重機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，相關(guān)技術(shù)文件，國(guó)家的特定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)， 淬火起重機(jī)的主要技術(shù)參數(shù)進(jìn)行了計(jì)算和設(shè)計(jì)。目前，這種起重機(jī)被高效的應(yīng)用在熱處理工廠的企業(yè)里。320噸淬火起重機(jī)的發(fā)展遇到了企業(yè)生產(chǎn)需求的發(fā)展。對(duì)未來類似的起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)是一個(gè)很好的參考和引導(dǎo)。此論文具有一定的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。</p>

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75、tic Cranes. American Control Conference. 1999：332-336</p><p>　　[5] Vaha， P.， Pieska S.， Timonen E.. Robotization of an Off shore Container Crane. Technical Research Center of Finland. 1988：637-648</p>