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1、<p><b>  目錄</b></p><p>  摘要 ···························

2、····································

3、3;····································&#

4、183;························ 1</p><p>  1、設(shè)計(jì)原理 ······

5、3;····································&#

6、183;····································

7、······························· 2</p><p>  1.1設(shè)計(jì)目的 &

8、#183;····································

9、;····································

10、83;····································&

11、#183; 2</p><p>  1.2仿真原理 ······························&#

12、183;····································

13、····································

14、3;······· 2</p><p>  1.2.1瑞利分布簡(jiǎn)介 ·······················&

15、#183;····································

16、;································· 2</p><p&g

17、t;  1.2.2多徑衰落信道基本模型 ·································&#

18、183;····································

19、······· 2</p><p>  1.2.3產(chǎn)生服從瑞利分布的路徑衰落r(t) ·····················

20、3;····································&#

21、183;· 3</p><p>  1.2.4產(chǎn)生多徑延時(shí) ·····························

22、;····································

23、83;··························· 4</p><p>  1.3仿真框架 ···

24、3;····································&#

25、183;····································

26、·································· 4</p>&l

27、t;p>  2、設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) ··································

28、····································

29、3;····································&#

30、183;··· 4</p><p>  2.1設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)要求 ···························&

31、#183;····································

32、;····································

33、83;·· 4</p><p>  2.2 MATLAB 仿真程序要求 ···························

34、····································

35、3;···················· 4</p><p>  3、DSB調(diào)制解調(diào)分析的MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn) ········

36、3;····································&#

37、183;················· 5</p><p>  3.1 DSB調(diào)制解調(diào)的MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn) ···········&#

38、183;····································

39、························ 5</p><p>  3.2瑞利衰落信道的MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn) ·····&#

40、183;····································

41、······························· 6</p><p>  4、模擬仿真及結(jié)果

42、分析 ····································&

43、#183;····································

44、;·················· 7</p><p>  4.1模擬仿真 ·············

45、····································

46、3;····································&#

47、183;························ 7</p><p>  4.1.1多普勒濾波器的頻響 ·····&#

48、183;····································

49、····································

50、3;········· 7</p><p>  4.1.2多普勒濾波器的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性 ····················&#

51、183;····································

52、······················· 7</p><p>  4.1.3信道的時(shí)域輸入/輸出波形 ······

53、83;····································&

54、#183;··································· 8<

55、;/p><p>  4.2仿真結(jié)果分析 ·······························

56、3;····································&#

57、183;·································· 8</p>

58、<p>  4.2.1時(shí)域輸入/輸出波形分析 ·······························

59、3;····································&#

60、183;·············· 8</p><p>  4.2.2頻域波形分析 ················

61、;····································

62、83;····································&

63、#183;·········· 8</p><p>  4.2.3多普勒濾波器的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性分析 ··················

64、83;····································&

65、#183;················ 9</p><p>  5、小結(jié)與體會(huì) ··············&#

66、183;····································

67、····································

68、3;··················· 9</p><p>  6、參考文獻(xiàn) ············

69、····································

70、3;····································&#

71、183;························· 9</p><p>  MATLAB 通信仿真設(shè)計(jì)</p><p><b&g

72、t;  摘要</b></p><p>  主要運(yùn)用MATLAB進(jìn)行編程,實(shí)現(xiàn)采用對(duì)輸入信號(hào)進(jìn)行抑制載波的雙邊帶調(diào)幅;而后將調(diào)幅波輸入信道,研究多徑信道的特性對(duì)通信質(zhì)量的影響;最后將信道內(nèi)輸出的條幅波進(jìn)行同步解調(diào),解調(diào)出與輸入信號(hào)波形相類似的波形,觀測(cè)兩者差別。同時(shí)輸出多普勒濾波器的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性圖及信號(hào)時(shí)域和頻域的輸入、輸出波形。</p><p>  關(guān)鍵字:雙邊帶調(diào)幅瑞利衰落相

73、干解調(diào)MATLAB</p><p><b>  設(shè)計(jì)原理</b></p><p><b>  1.1設(shè)計(jì)目的</b></p><p>  由于多徑和移動(dòng)臺(tái)運(yùn)動(dòng)等影響因素,使得移動(dòng)信道對(duì)傳輸信號(hào)在時(shí)間、頻率和角度上造成了色散,如時(shí)間色散、頻率色散、角度色散等等,因此多徑信道的特性對(duì)通信質(zhì)量有著至關(guān)重要的影響,而多徑信道的包

74、絡(luò)統(tǒng)計(jì)特性成為我們研究的焦點(diǎn)。根據(jù)不同無線環(huán)境,接收信號(hào)包絡(luò)一般服從幾種典型分布,如瑞利分布、萊斯分布和Nakagami-m分布。在設(shè)計(jì)中,專門針對(duì)服從瑞利分布的多徑信道進(jìn)行模擬仿真,進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)多徑信道特性的了解。</p><p><b>  1.2仿真原理</b></p><p>  1.2.1瑞利分布簡(jiǎn)介</p><p><b>

75、; ?。?)環(huán)境條件:</b></p><p>  通常在離基站較遠(yuǎn)、反射物較多的地區(qū),發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)之間沒有直射波路徑,存在大量反射波;到達(dá)接收天線的方向角隨機(jī)且在(0~2π)均勻分布;各反射波的幅度和相位都統(tǒng)計(jì)獨(dú)立。</p><p> ?。?)幅度、相位的分布特性:</p><p>  包絡(luò) r 服從瑞利分布,θ在0~2π內(nèi)服從均勻分布。瑞利分布的概

76、率分布密度如圖1所示:</p><p>  圖1 瑞利分布的概率分布密度 </p><p>  1.2.2多徑衰落信道基本模型</p><p>  根據(jù)ITU-RM.1125標(biāo)準(zhǔn),離散多徑衰落信道模型為</p><p><b>  (1)</b></p><p>  其中復(fù)路徑衰落,服從瑞利分布;

77、 是多徑時(shí)延。多徑衰落信道模型框圖如圖2所示:</p><p>  圖2 多徑衰落信道模型框圖</p><p>  1.2.3產(chǎn)生服從瑞利分布的路徑衰落r(t)</p><p>  利用窄帶高斯過程的特性,其振幅服從瑞利分布,即</p><p><b> ?。?)</b></p><p>  上式

78、中,、、分別為窄帶高斯過程的同相和正交支路的基帶信號(hào)。</p><p>  首先產(chǎn)生獨(dú)立的復(fù)高斯噪聲的樣本,并經(jīng)過FFT后形成頻域的樣本,然后與S(f)開方后的值相乘,以獲得滿足多普勒頻譜特性要求的信號(hào),經(jīng)IFFT后變換成時(shí)域波形,再經(jīng)過平方,將兩路的信號(hào)相加并進(jìn)行開方運(yùn)算后,形成瑞利衰落的信號(hào)r(t)。如下圖3所示:</p><p>  圖3 瑞利衰落的產(chǎn)生示意圖</p>

79、<p><b>  其中,</b></p><p><b>  (3)</b></p><p>  1.2.4產(chǎn)生多徑延時(shí)</p><p>  多徑/延時(shí)參數(shù)如表1所示:</p><p>  表1 多徑延時(shí)參數(shù)</p><p><b>  1.3仿真框架

80、</b></p><p>  根據(jù)多徑衰落信道模型(見圖2),利用瑞利分布的路徑衰落(見圖3)和多徑延時(shí)參數(shù)(見表1),我們可以得到多徑信道的仿真框圖,如圖4所示:</p><p>  圖4 多徑信道的仿真框圖</p><p><b>  設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù) </b></p><p><b>  2.1設(shè)計(jì)任

81、務(wù)要求</b></p><p> ?。?)查找資料,了解瑞利衰落信道模型的分類,結(jié)合某種模型,掌握瑞利分布的多徑信道仿真原理,用MATLAB仿真實(shí)現(xiàn)瑞利分布的多徑信道的仿真;</p><p> ?。?)根據(jù)已學(xué)的知識(shí),實(shí)現(xiàn)一種基帶信號(hào)的模擬調(diào)制并做出仿真;</p><p> ?。?)結(jié)合(1)(2)步,觀察已調(diào)信號(hào)通過瑞利信道后的時(shí)域波形圖和頻譜圖;&l

82、t;/p><p>  (4)對(duì)仿真結(jié)果做適當(dāng)分析。</p><p>  2.2 MATLAB 仿真程序要求</p><p> ?。?)參數(shù)設(shè)計(jì)準(zhǔn)確、合理;</p><p> ?。?)關(guān)鍵語句加注釋;</p><p> ?。?)仿真結(jié)果正確,圖形清晰。</p><p>  3、DSB調(diào)制解調(diào)分析的MA

83、TLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)</p><p>  3.1 DSB調(diào)制解調(diào)的MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)</p><p><b>  %main.m</b></p><p><b>  clc;</b></p><p>  LengthOfSignal=10000; %信號(hào)長(zhǎng)度</p><p>  fm=

84、500; %最大多普勒頻移?相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)應(yīng)該有估算公式</p><p>  fc=5000; %信道載波頻率</p><p>  t=1:LengthOfSignal; % SignalInput=sin(t/100);</p><p><b>  %DSB調(diào)制</b></p><p>  SignalInput

85、=sin(t/50);%+cos(t/65); %調(diào)制信號(hào)</p><p>  c=cos(0.2*pi*t);%載波信號(hào) </p><p>  y_in=SignalInput.*c;%調(diào)制</p><p>  delay=[0 31 71 109 173 251];%10ns</p><p>  power=[0 -1 -9 -10 -

86、15 -20]; %dB</p><p>  y_in=[zeros(1,delay(6)) y_in]; %為時(shí)移補(bǔ)零</p><p>  y_out=zeros(1,LengthOfSignal); %存放經(jīng)信道未解調(diào)的信號(hào)(現(xiàn)為無輸入信號(hào)</p><p><b>  %時(shí)的輸出信號(hào))</b></p><p&

87、gt;  %y_out_end最終解調(diào)后信號(hào)</p><p><b>  %多路徑衰落</b></p><p>  for i=1:6%圖4</p><p>  f=1:2*fm-1;</p><p><b>  Rayl;</b></p><p>  y_out=y_out

88、+r.*y_in(delay(6)+1-delay(i):(delay(6)+LengthOfSignal-delay(i)))*10^(power(i)/20);</p><p><b>  end;</b></p><p>  % S(t)*cos(w*t)=m(t)*cos(w*t)*cos(w*t)=0.5*m(t)*(1+cos(2*w*t))</p&

89、gt;<p>  %用一個(gè)低通濾波器將上式中的第一項(xiàng)和第二項(xiàng)分離,無失真的恢復(fù)出原始的調(diào)制信號(hào)。</p><p>  %這種調(diào)制方法又稱為同步解調(diào)或相干解調(diào)</p><p><b>  %同步解調(diào)</b></p><p>  y_out_end=y_out.*c;%同步解調(diào)或相干解調(diào)</p><p><

90、;b>  %低通濾波</b></p><p>  wp=0.1*pi;ws=0.12*pi;Rp=1;As=15;</p><p>  [N,wn]=buttord(wp/pi,ws/pi,Rp,As);</p><p>  [b,a]=butter(N,wn);</p><p>  y_out_end =filter(b,

91、a,y_out_end);%濾波</p><p>  y_out_end =2* y_out_end;%恢復(fù)幅度</p><p><b>  %原信號(hào)的頻譜</b></p><p>  K=fft(SignalInput);</p><p>  %DSB調(diào)制后信號(hào)的頻譜</p><p>  L=f

92、ft(y_in);</p><p>  %y_out的頻譜(含包絡(luò))</p><p>  M=fft(y_out);</p><p><b>  %最終解調(diào)的頻譜</b></p><p>  N=fft(y_out_end);</p><p><b>  %輸出 </b>&l

93、t;/p><p>  figure(1);</p><p>  subplot(4,2,1);</p><p>  plot(SignalInput(delay(6)+1:LengthOfSignal));axis([0,3000,-2,2]);</p><p>  title('原始輸入信號(hào)');</p><

94、p>  subplot(4,2,2);</p><p>  plot(abs(fftshift(K))); axis([4900,5100,0,6000]);</p><p>  title('原始輸入信號(hào)的頻譜 ');</p><p>  subplot(4,2,3);</p><p>  plot(y_in(dela

95、y(6)+1:LengthOfSignal));axis([0,3000,-2,2]); %去除時(shí)延造成的空白信號(hào)</p><p>  title(' 進(jìn)入瑞利信道前,DSB調(diào)制后的信號(hào)');</p><p>  subplot(4,2,4);</p><p>  plot(abs(fftshift(L))); axis([3500,6500,0,3

96、000]);</p><p>  title('進(jìn)入瑞利信道前,DSB調(diào)制后的信號(hào)的頻譜 ');</p><p>  subplot(4,2,5);</p><p>  plot(y_out(delay(6)+1:LengthOfSignal));axis([0,3000,-0.08,0.08]); %去除時(shí)延造成的空白信號(hào)</p>&

97、lt;p>  title('經(jīng)瑞利信道后,DSB解調(diào)前的信號(hào)');</p><p>  subplot(4,2,6);</p><p>  plot(abs(fftshift(M)));axis([3500,6500,0,100]);</p><p>  title('經(jīng)瑞利信道后,DSB解調(diào)前的信號(hào)的頻譜');</p&g

98、t;<p>  subplot(4,2,7);</p><p>  plot(y_out_end(delay(6)+1:LengthOfSignal));axis([0,3000,-0.08,0.08]);%去除時(shí)延造成的空白信號(hào)</p><p>  title('最終解調(diào)后的信號(hào)');</p><p>  subplot(4,2,8)

99、;</p><p>  plot(abs(fftshift(N)));axis([4900,5100,0,200]);</p><p>  title('最終解調(diào)后的信號(hào)的頻譜 ');</p><p>  figure(2);</p><p>  subplot(3,1,1);</p><p>  hi

100、st(r,256);%繪制直方圖</p><p>  title('瑞利信道的幅度分布')</p><p>  subplot(3,1,2);</p><p>  hist(angle(r0));</p><p>  title('瑞利信道的相位分布');</p><p>  subpl

101、ot(3,1,3);</p><p>  plot(Sf1);</p><p>  title('多普勒濾波器的頻響特性');</p><p>  3.2瑞利衰落信道的MATLAB實(shí)現(xiàn)</p><p>  %Rayl.m 參考【1】</p><p>  f=1:2*fm-1; %通頻帶長(zhǎng)度</p&

102、gt;<p>  y=1.5./((1-((f-fm)/fm).^2).^(1/2))/pi/fm; %多普勒功率譜(基帶)圖3</p><p>  Sf=zeros(1,LengthOfSignal);</p><p><b>  Sf1=y;</b></p><p>  Sf(fc-fm+1:fc+fm-1)=y;%(把基帶映

103、射到載波頻率)</p><p>  x1=randn(1,LengthOfSignal);</p><p>  x2=randn(1,LengthOfSignal);</p><p>  nc=ifft(fft(x1+1i*x2).*sqrt(Sf)); %同相分量</p><p>  %首先產(chǎn)生獨(dú)立的復(fù)高斯噪聲的樣本,并經(jīng)過FFT后形成頻域

104、的樣本,</p><p>  %然后與S(f)開方后的值相乘,以獲得滿足多普勒頻譜特性要求的信號(hào),</p><p>  %經(jīng)IFFT后變換成時(shí)域波形,再經(jīng)過平方,將兩路的信號(hào)相加并進(jìn)行開方運(yùn)算后,形成瑞利衰落的信號(hào)r(t)</p><p>  x3=randn(1,LengthOfSignal);</p><p>  x4=randn(1,L

105、engthOfSignal);</p><p>  ns=ifft(fft(x3+1i*x4).*sqrt(Sf)); %正交分量</p><p>  r0=(real(nc)+1i*real(ns)); %瑞利信號(hào)</p><p>  r=abs(r0); %瑞利信號(hào)幅值(nc、ns分別為窄帶高斯過程的同相和正交支路的基帶信號(hào))</p><p&

106、gt;<b>  模擬仿真及結(jié)果分析</b></p><p><b>  4.1模擬仿真</b></p><p>  4.1.1多普勒濾波器的頻響</p><p>  圖5多普勒濾波器的頻響</p><p>  4.1.2多普勒濾波器的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性</p><p>  圖6 多普

107、勒濾波器的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性</p><p>  4.1.3信道的時(shí)域輸入/輸出波形</p><p>  圖7 信道的時(shí)域/頻域輸入/輸出波形</p><p><b>  4.2仿真結(jié)果分析</b></p><p>  4.2.1時(shí)域輸入/輸出波形分析</p><p>  次實(shí)驗(yàn)主要是通過MATLAB仿真瑞

108、利衰落信道的傳輸過程,通過雙邊帶調(diào)幅的調(diào)制與解調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)信號(hào)的傳輸。正如右圖所示:</p><p>  圖中第一、第二個(gè)波形是在進(jìn)入瑞利衰落前,第三、第四個(gè)波形是在進(jìn)入瑞利衰落后,有明顯的噪聲的存在。</p><p>  由第一個(gè)圖輸入,第四個(gè)圖輸出,信號(hào)的傳遞在存在干擾的情況下基本實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p><p>  第一個(gè)波形到第二個(gè)波形是實(shí)現(xiàn)了抑制載波的雙邊帶調(diào)幅;第三個(gè)波

109、形到第四個(gè)波形是運(yùn)用同步解調(diào)或相干解調(diào)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)載波信號(hào)的解調(diào)功能。 圖8 信道的時(shí)域輸入/輸出波形</p><p>  4.2.2頻域波形分析</p><p>  圖9 信道的頻域變化</p><p>  分析圖9中的第二、第四幅圖可以發(fā)現(xiàn)輸出信號(hào)的頻譜圖上一段頻

110、率內(nèi)出現(xiàn)了多余的小頻率,但總體頻率沒有很大變化。說明信道對(duì)輸入波形存在影響,但本題中,輸出的波形還是可以基本反映輸入情況的。</p><p>  4.2.3多普勒濾波器的統(tǒng)計(jì)特性分析</p><p>  如圖6中顯示出了瑞利信道的幅度分布和相位分布情況,而在簡(jiǎn)介中提到包絡(luò) r 服從瑞利分布,θ在0~2π內(nèi)服從均勻分布。瑞利分布的概率分布密度如圖1,經(jīng)過分析對(duì)照可以發(fā)現(xiàn),輸出的多普勒濾波器的

111、統(tǒng)計(jì)特性完全符合要求。 </p><p><b>  小結(jié)與體會(huì)</b></p><p>  這次實(shí)習(xí)是自由定題,當(dāng)聽到這個(gè)時(shí)讓我產(chǎn)生一種不知所措感,因?yàn)?,我從沒有真正講學(xué)習(xí)的東西運(yùn)用到稍微大一點(diǎn)的實(shí)際中。不過,越是這樣才能讓我們鍛煉的更多,在用程序編出想要的波形時(shí),我們不僅能體會(huì)成功的快樂,而且對(duì)通信的傳輸原理有了更加清晰的認(rèn)識(shí),這次設(shè)計(jì)要求

112、我們學(xué)會(huì)綜合運(yùn)用我們所學(xué)的通信知識(shí)及用Matlab實(shí)現(xiàn),可以上網(wǎng)查資料,也可以圖書館里找。設(shè)計(jì)一開始的時(shí)候我充滿了恐懼感,面對(duì)好多的書,好多的代碼,好混亂的腦中知識(shí)……總之,一萬個(gè)不想做,但是想到如果不實(shí)踐是不會(huì)有進(jìn)步的,只得硬著頭皮來,然而隨著一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)進(jìn)行,發(fā)現(xiàn)一切都不像想象的那么艱巨,慢慢的我完成了我的課程設(shè)計(jì)——瑞利衰落信道的仿真。其實(shí)做什么事都是那樣,不開始,永遠(yuǎn)害怕打破那層膜,只用勇敢的邁出第一步,一切問題都會(huì)在面臨的時(shí)候解決

113、。這次設(shè)計(jì)最深刻的感受就是:只要開始,一切都可以變得簡(jiǎn)單。</p><p><b>  參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>  [1]胡宴如,耿蘇燕主編,高頻電子線路,北京:高等教育出版社,2009。</p><p>  [2]沈衛(wèi)康,宋宇飛,宋紅梅,數(shù)字信號(hào)處理,北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,2011。</p><p>  [3

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