ucp600租船提單中開證行的責(zé)任及風(fēng)險防范外文翻譯

1、<p>　　2010屆畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)論文</p><p><b>　　英 文 文 獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　院(系)別 經(jīng)濟(jì)系 </p><p>　　專 業(yè) 國際經(jīng)濟(jì)與貿(mào)易 </p><p>　　班 級 國專

2、 </p><p>　　學(xué) 號 </p><p>　　姓 名 </p><p>　　指導(dǎo)教師 </p><p><b>　　二○一○年六月</b></p><p>　

3、　UCP600 in issuing the charter party b/l are standardized</p><p>　　UCP600 to the issuing bank, the applicant shall be defined for or on behalf of his request to open the l/c. Meanwhile, if the issuing bank,

4、international trade settlement in its business includes negotiation behavior, the issuing bank issuing bank is in complying presentation, the payment shall be awarded on or before the banking day to advance or agree to p

5、ayment in advance. The issuing bank issuing and perform such behavior of UCP600, in article 7 is clear and precise with lists of the rules. </p><p>　　The issuing of the charter party b/l risks</p><

6、;p>　　UCP600 article 22 b, paragraph 1, Banks will not audit chartering contract, even if a credit requires submit chartering contract. This clauseRegulation is increased risk of issuing bank. Because in the charter pa

7、rty b/l in terms of "into the existing maritime law", namely the shipowners to navigation</p><p>　　Times of chartering ship to the lessee, the lessee shall be required and the issue of bills of lad

8、ing, or the lessee will require to sign on behalf of the master</p><p>　　Send the bill of lading. Under the charter of the bill of lading on the hand just as proof of the lessor, the lessee receive the goods

9、 between the right and the lessor</p><p>　　The obligations in accordance with the provisions of the charter, the bill of lading no longer proof of the contract of carriage of goods by sea. But the bill of la

10、ding, happen</p><p>　　The bill of lading, holding the third outside the lessor and the rights and obligations in accordance with relevant records, bill of lading and bill of lading to the international conve

11、ntion</p><p>　　And the law of adjustment. In this case, the lessor in order to safeguard their interests, and avoid the bill of lading for rent at the time of transfer occurs</p><p>　　Ship contr

12、act obligations and responsibilities, often in the bill of lading contains chartering contract certain content, called "into" clause. [3] the result is that the charter of the shipper, consignee and the issuing

13、 bank, in such ignorance and increases the risk of settlement by other circumstances passively chartering contract constraint. Issuing walk in the charter party b/l and prevent risks borne by the applicant and the l/c be

14、neficiary in the international sale of goods in the differen</p><p>　　(a) the issuing of the applicant and the beneficiary, choose the FOB term of credit risk control principle, according to open l/c, has th

15、e international business contract independently. L/c in law applicable international business contract, and UCP600 applicable international trade, the international conventions and treaties and case of domestic statute.

16、But undeniable, credit and international business contract although independent of each other, but interrelated. L/c with international busines</p><p>　　(2) the issuing of the applicant and the beneficiary,

17、choose the CIF or CFR risk control</p><p>　　The applicant and the beneficiary CFR term CIF and choice by the international sale of goods, the seller ships the contract signed with the lessor chartering contr

18、act. In the charter of the lessor, ships usually captain or his agent shall not restrict the bill of lading issued by the charter. Opening in the CIF or CFR charter party b/l circumstance, besides considering the interna

19、tional sale of goods in the contract, seller's reputation in the bill of lading will chartering ship lessor credit st</p><p>　　(3) an issuing bank should review charter party b/l take chartering</p>

20、;<p>　　With credit and the content of UCP500 under article 25, UCP600 article 22 b, paragraph 1, bank will still not audit chartering contract, even if a credit requires submit chartering contract. This clause is

21、no changes over the years, the reason is the issuing bank is not legal institution of financial institutions, does not have the chartering contract review legal professional ability, because the charter contains more con

22、tract provisions, complicated terms and international carriage practices. </p><p>　　UCP600 anyhow, article 7 of the issuing bank about responsibility and the first 20, 22 about charter party b/l are the liab

23、ility of the bank</p><p>　　From the respective by method, it is required to grasp the issuing bank total responsibility and analysis under the charter party b/l, cannot be the responsibility</p><p

24、>　　A double duty to understand. In addition, the issuing of responsibility, with the bill of lading contains chartering content of l/c, deepen the risk of UCP600 under article 22 of the l/c and the understanding of cr

25、edit management filing status. but</p><p>　　Bank credit risks can affect the efficiency of flexible, because the international trade field of efficiency is demanding, if the issuing bank</p><p>

26、　　Low rate will inevitably promote trade subject for certain risks but high efficiency of telegraphic transfer (T/T). The issuing bank and other financial institutions should be careful Single investment in the personnel

27、 department to improve the efficiency of the document also can prevent charter party b/l credit risk, kill two birds with one stone. Currently, the letter use the proportion in the international JieSuanLiang already to 2

28、0%, the problem is not the international trade itself, but the</p><p>　　中文翻譯：開證行在 UCP600租船提單中的責(zé)任被規(guī)范化 </p><p>　　UCP600將開證行定義為，指應(yīng)申請人要求或者代表自己開出信用證的銀行。同時，若開證行國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算中其業(yè)務(wù)包括議付行為，則開證行議付是開證行在相符交單下，在其應(yīng)獲償付

29、的銀行工作日當(dāng)天或之前向受益人預(yù)付或者同意預(yù)付款項(xiàng)的行為。開證行在履行開證和議付等行為產(chǎn)生的責(zé)任，在 UCP600中第 7條被清晰而嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)赜昧信e的方式進(jìn)行了規(guī)定。第 7條 a款規(guī)定了開證行付款責(zé)任的五大種類情況，即只要規(guī)定的單據(jù)被提交至被指定銀行或開證行并構(gòu)成相符交單，開證行必須按下述信用證所適用的情形予以兌付：（一）信用證規(guī)定由開證行即期付款、延期付款或承兌；（二）信用證規(guī)定由指定銀行即期付款但其未付款；（三）信用證規(guī)定由指定銀行延期

30、付款但其未承諾延期付款，或雖已承諾延期付款，但未在到期日付款；（四）信用證規(guī)定由指定銀行承兌，但其未承兌以其為付款人的匯票，或雖然承兌了匯票，但未在到期日付款；（五）信用證規(guī)定由指定銀行議付但其未議付。雖然是上述僅僅五個明細(xì)條款，但其中包括的銀行必須付款的情形卻是九種情況，而第 7條 a款又無補(bǔ)充性的兜底條款，可見，開證行的付款責(zé)任是被嚴(yán)格界定的。第 7條 b款規(guī)定了開證行對提交的相符單據(jù)的</p><p>　　

31、開證行在租船提單中的風(fēng)險防范 </p><p>　　UCP600第 22條 b款規(guī)定，銀行將不審核租船合同，即使信用證要求提交租船合同。這一條款的規(guī)定無疑加大了開證行的風(fēng)險。因?yàn)樵谠谧獯釂沃写嬖诤Ｉ谭ㄖ小安⑷霔l款”的問題，即船東以航次租船的方式將船租給承租人，并應(yīng)承租人的要求簽發(fā)提單，或者承租人會要求能代表船長而自行簽發(fā)提單。租船合同下的提單在承租人手中只是作為出租人收到貨物的證明，承租人與出租人之間的權(quán)利義務(wù)

32、關(guān)系按照租船合同的規(guī)定，提單不再起證明海上貨物運(yùn)輸合同的作用。但是提單發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)讓時，承租人之外的第三人持有提單，則其與出租人的權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系依提單記載，并受有關(guān)提單的國際公約與國內(nèi)法的調(diào)整。在這種情況下，出租人為了維護(hù)自己的利益，盡量避免在提單發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)讓時承擔(dān)與租船合同不一致的義務(wù)和責(zé)任，常常在提單中載有租船合同某些內(nèi)容的條款，稱為“并入條款”?！?〕其結(jié)果是使非租船合同的發(fā)貨人、收貨人和開證行等主體，在不知情和增加結(jié)算風(fēng)險的情況下被動地受他

33、人租船合同的約束。開證行在租船提單中承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險及其防范因開證申請人與信用證受益人在國際貨物買賣合同中選擇的貿(mào)易術(shù)語不同而存在差異。</p><p>　?。ㄒ唬╅_證行在開證申請人與受益人選擇 FOB術(shù)語時的風(fēng)險控制依信用證原理，信用證已經(jīng)開立，就獨(dú)立于國際買賣合同。信用證在法律上適用 UCP600，而國際買賣合同適用國際買賣條約、國際慣例和國內(nèi)成文法和判例等。但不可否認(rèn)，信用證與國際買賣合同雖然相互獨(dú)立卻又相互聯(lián)系

34、，彼此影響。信用證與國際買賣合同不符合導(dǎo)致買賣合同的修改、信用證的拒付，直接導(dǎo)致買賣雙方的違約責(zé)任問題。若開證申請人與受益人在其國際貨物買賣合同中選擇 FOB術(shù)語時，由國際貨物買賣合同中的買方租船，而買方又通常是信用證的開證申請人，可見，買方的資信對開證行的支付風(fēng)險影響較大。在 FOB租船提單的情況下，國際貨物買賣合同中的買方用自己租用的船舶運(yùn)輸貨物，即船舶出租人與國際貨物買賣合同中的買方之間依據(jù)的是租船合同，而船舶出租人與國際貨物買賣

35、合同中的賣方之間依據(jù)的是船舶出租人簽發(fā)的提單。租船合同多是合同當(dāng)事人意思自治的結(jié)果，而提單關(guān)系多受到國際海運(yùn)條約和國內(nèi)法強(qiáng)行法的規(guī)定。在租船合同與提單的沖突時，表面上看，對在國際貨物買賣合同中不知情的賣方風(fēng)險較大，但在信用證結(jié)算時，開證行只要在賣方提交的單據(jù)與信用證規(guī)定的單據(jù)相符時，依據(jù) UCP</p><p>　?。ǘ╅_證行在開證申請人與受益人選擇 CIF和 CFR時的風(fēng)險控制</p><

36、p>　　開證申請人與受益人選擇 CIF和 CFR術(shù)語時，由國際貨物買賣合同中的賣方與船舶出租人簽定租船合同。在租船合同中通常規(guī)定，船舶出租人的船長或其代理人應(yīng)簽發(fā)的提單，不得制約上述的租船合同。開證行在 CIF和 CFR租船提單的情況下，除了考慮國際貨物買賣合同中的賣方信譽(yù)的同時，還要兼顧租船提單中船舶出租人資信情況。因?yàn)橐患屹Y信值較高的船公司在賦予其船長及其代理人有簽發(fā)提單權(quán)利的同時，能嚴(yán)格要求船長及其代理人不得簽發(fā)倒簽提單和預(yù)

37、借提單，自覺遵守行業(yè)道德規(guī)則。在租船合同的租金與提單規(guī)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)不一致時也會產(chǎn)生爭議問題，目前尚無統(tǒng)一的解決機(jī)制，多數(shù)情況下是要求船舶出租人與船舶承租人進(jìn)行協(xié)商，若協(xié)商達(dá)不成協(xié)議，必然影響貨物的運(yùn)輸和信證行的結(jié)算。我國《海商法》第九十五條規(guī)定： 提單“對按航次租船合同運(yùn)輸貨物簽發(fā)的提單，持有人不是承租人的，承運(yùn)人與該提單持有人之間的權(quán)利、義務(wù)關(guān)系適用提單。但是，提單中載明適用租船合同條款的，適用該航次租船合同的條款?！睆姆傻膬r值取向看，

38、這是加強(qiáng)對船舶承租人保障、不利于船舶承租人與提單持有人之間的利益平衡，因?yàn)?CIF和 CFR賣方，即船舶承租人為了讓船舶出租人對質(zhì)量有</p><p>　?。ㄈ╅_證行應(yīng)在審核租船提單時兼顧租船合同信用證的內(nèi)容</p><p>　　與 UCP500第 25條 b款一樣，UCP600第 22條 b款規(guī)定，銀行仍將不審核租船合同，即使信用證要求提交租船合同。該條款之所以歷經(jīng)多年沒有一點(diǎn)變化，其

39、理由是開證行是金融機(jī)構(gòu)不是法律機(jī)構(gòu)，不具備審核租船合同的法律專業(yè)能力，因?yàn)樽獯贤^多的合同法規(guī)定、復(fù)雜的運(yùn)輸條款以及國際承運(yùn)慣例。顯然，上述理由與租船運(yùn)輸?shù)陌l(fā)展相抵制，同時，UCP600第 22條b款規(guī)定的銀行不審核租船合同與我國《海商法》第九十五條規(guī)定的提單中載明適用租船合同條款時優(yōu)先適用該航次租船合同的條款形成沖突。若開證行盲目審核租船提單而不考慮租船合同的內(nèi)容，必然會增加審單的風(fēng)險。在航運(yùn)實(shí)踐中，租船提單采用的是簡式提單，其

40、內(nèi)容比班輪運(yùn)輸提單要少得多，有關(guān)運(yùn)輸?shù)氖马?xiàng)多依據(jù)租船合同的規(guī)定。UCP600第 22條 b款規(guī)定不利于信用證的健康發(fā)展，是一種妥協(xié)性和消極性的規(guī)定，筆者認(rèn)為應(yīng)取消或修改該條款。因此，開證行為了自身信用證業(yè)務(wù)快捷和高效運(yùn)行，應(yīng)提升審核租船合同的法律專業(yè)能力。</p><p>　　總之，UCP600第 7條關(guān)于開證行的責(zé)任與第 20、22條關(guān)于租船提單銀行的責(zé)任采用的是分割開來各自進(jìn)行規(guī)定的方法，這就要求既要掌握開證

41、行總責(zé)任又要分析租船提單下的分責(zé)任，不能將這種雙重的責(zé)任分開來理解。此外，開證行在承擔(dān)責(zé)任的同時，應(yīng)對包含租船提單內(nèi)容的信用證進(jìn)行風(fēng)險防范，加深對 UCP600第 22條 b款的理解以及對信用證當(dāng)事人的資信狀況進(jìn)行歸檔式管理。但開證行的這種風(fēng)險防范不能影響信用證的靈活高效，因?yàn)閲H貿(mào)易領(lǐng)域?qū)π室蠛芨撸糸_證行的效率過低，必然促使貿(mào)易主體尋求具有一定風(fēng)險但效率極高的電匯（T/T）。開證行等金融機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)加大審單部門的人員投入，在提高審單效