閉路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、<p>　　A TRANSLATING</p><p>　　both systems to advanced, practical, mature, reliable, but also to open systems, scalability, and take into account reasonable investment, the purpose of the best efficiency

2、. CCTV surveillance equipment on the spot on surveillance, control and management of these facilities in a safe, reliable and efficient operation, and make full use of intelligent management role, to create a safe, healt

3、hy, comfortable and to be able to improve the efficiency of the fine work environment , energy conservation</p><p>　　1, the system has the following features: </p><p>　　CCTV main task is an impo

4、rtant part of the building within the developments, such as dynamic flow conditions macroeconomic surveillance, control, the various anomalies in order to conduct real-time evidence, review, to the timely processing of p

5、urpose. </p><p>　　1) video signal timing, location switch programming. </p><p>　　2) view and record images, and a distinction should be characters time (year, month, day) display. </p>&l

6、t;p>　　3) receive signal superimposed elevator floor. </p><p>　　4) synchronized switching: Power, synchronous or synchronous. </p><p>　　5) to receive security subsystems signal system, in acco

7、rdance with the need to achieve joint control or system integration. </p><p>　　6) internal and external communications links. </p><p>　　7) security surveillance television system and security al

8、arm system linked, should be able to automatically switch, display, record of the image signal alarm location and alarm time. </p><p>　　8) Power Control </p><p>　　Camera security control room sh

9、ould be unified with green power by the security control room operators-to cut off. On the security control room far away from the camera is powered reunification can be difficult to resolve the nearest, if the system is

10、 a synchronous mode of power, and security must be the same for the control room of a reliable power supply. </p><p>　　2, the system has the following features: </p><p>　　H.264 compression techn

11、ology </p><p>　　H.264 video coding standard is designed for the high-quality image compression campaign designed by the low bit-rate image compression standard. H.264 video coding used in the movement of the

12、 common coding method, coding and decoding process is divided into two parts interframe coding. Egypt Intra Improved DCT transformation and quantified in the inter-frame of a 1 / 2 pixel motion vector forecast compensati

13、on technology, motion compensation more precise, quantifiable improvements apply variable</p><p>　　H.264 standard higher compression ratio, the entire CIF format-mode single occupied bandwidth in the hundred

14、s around the general, occupied bandwidth depending on the specific exercise how many different picture. Deficiency is relatively poor quality of some, occupied bandwidth screen with movement and the complexity of substan

15、tial change. </p><p>　　In short, this is a closed-circuit television monitor so that the item highly automated, highly efficient elegant comfortable, convenient and speedy, high-security environment of space

16、. System mainly consists of three parts: front-end monitoring; Monitoring Centre (control center); workstation (client). </p><p>　　The installation of video surveillance point: Color night vision cameras and

17、 color of high illumination cameras and other equipment installed in the designated location, providing 12 VDC power supply and video interface. </p><p>　　Monitoring Centre </p><p>　　According t

18、o specific requirements of schools, teaching areas (of nine school buildings), by Information Centre and the Centre set up a control extensions, the clinic, teachers dormitory (a total of two dormitory) and garage, the l

19、iving quarters of students (total 12 dormitory) to install a control extensions, canteens, supermarkets, sports centre, student activity centre, Training Center, the south gate, Simon and the North have set up a control

20、extensions, in the host control centre set up to </p><p>　　DVR control center through the control system can be arbitrary view the full image (to authority), and a monitoring point for the implementation of

21、cloth Chefang, video playback operations (to access). </p><p>　　Control centers are located in the President's Office, the leading sub-control center can ca arbitrary control of pan, tilt and zoom images

22、 and action. As a management and understanding of the situation both inside and outside the hospital auxiliary means. House leadership not to the office in order to understand the key parts of the hospital situation. <

23、;/p><p>　　Through transmission from the remote video signals through digital hard disk video recorders to provide resource sharing connections. All the video and alarm records can be shared through the network

24、(to access).</p><p>　　Set up seven distribution of authority, the operators were in a different authority to operate. System of great security, all users must provide to the user name and password to detect

25、competence, not manipulation system. </p><p>　　Alarm system with tips and video motion detection capabilities greatly save disk space, a police video documentary video to be stored, the system does not reach

26、 to facilitate enquiries for information after the incident, the police want to delete documents must be carried out by the system administrator . </p><p>　　Alarm systems also have automated records and func

27、tional linkage, the system interface unit with the police, and other police equipment can be connected. Any time a system of regional security alarms were triggered, the system will automatically switch to alarm the came

28、ra screen monitor regional, state and automatically transferred to video. If two or more simultaneous alarm information, the system can simultaneously record or order of the corresponding alarm and regional image. </p

29、><p>　　Monitoring Centre Digital HD recorders, DVR installation of server-side software, including database system. All front-end server management and monitoring equipment, and maintenance of the client networ

30、k connections at the same time, monitoring of all network workstations authorized users to manage all office LAN users can log on to a computer server system, depending on image rights surveillance enquiries, such as vid

31、eo playback. To configure and monitor server drives to the video information </p><p>　　Server software installation is complete, the system automatically configures the video data storage path, users may nee

32、d to use the server-side management software to change configuration, the system supports distributed video storage for large-capacity storage may be provided. </p><p>　　Monitoring center can be set up in a

33、monitoring station, monitoring workstation as a system administrator user of the system in equipment and user management, including video data maintenance and management. Workstations can be connected with the projector

34、system can be used to monitor or demonstration. </p><p>　　monitoring workstation (client) </p><p>　　Network computer users to install DVR client software, landing by the system administrator to

35、provide legal status and server access rights, can become a monitoring station. </p><p>　　Client software, including: system configuration tools, control software, and audio and video playback software enqui

36、ries. </p><p>　　System configuration tool: video can be set to undertake the lens division, video server settings, among others. </p><p>　　Monitoring Software: 1-9 frame to provide the real-time

37、 monitoring, Haeundae or ball machine control. </p><p>　　Enquiries playback software: According to the lens name, date / time, video and other types of enquiries, and intervals for the results. Monitoring ce

38、ntre is just a computer as a server (under video server configuration corresponding amount of demand for hard disk), can be configured as a workstation monitoring systems management and settings to use, when necessary ca

39、n be configured a projector and workstations connected to peacetime surveillance or system demonstration.</p><p>　　Implementation of the system </p><p>　　The system of cameras and lenses, Haeund

40、ae, protective enclosures, monitors, and other traditional products can basically part of the optional, but it should be used cost-effective products. </p><p>　　The system used in high-definition color Huami

41、anbangeqi 16 Huamianbangeqi, automatic image switch selectable switching time, a functional image freeze. Video switch matrix by the Chengdu Branch of the MJ516 video switch matrix, and the ways for its 16-way input, the

42、 output of five trade unions Road. It is Chinese characters superimposed clock system uptime enquiries, a powerful built-in functions such as Chinese Character Library. It is critical to provide the relevant agreements f

43、or secondary d</p><p>　　The software is to use some of the major video capture card provided by the API function and video switching matrix provided by the communication protocol software and services produc

44、ed receive software, which is one-way video signals and control signals are two-way. Through LAN control commands can be issued. </p><p>　　Conclusion </p><p>　　This paper illustrates how the pre

45、sent technological conditions, assembled into one economical and reliable, and compatible with the advanced monitoring system. This system suited to the local area network (10/100 M) on the real-time transmission of digi

46、tal video images. Multimedia is a simple monitoring system (including video only). Believe that with computer technology, video technology, control technology, communications technology development, network monitoring wi

47、ll also enjoy broad prospe</p><p>　　An analog-to-digital converter</p><p>　　An analog-to-digital converter(ADC) is used to convert a continuously variable signal to a corresponding digital form

48、which can take any one of a fixed number of possible binary values. If the output of the transducer does not vary continuously, no ADC is necessary. In this case the signal conditioning section must convert the incoming

49、signal to a form which can be connected directly to the next part of the interface, the input/output section of the microcomputer itself.</p><p>　　The I/O section converts digital “on/off” voltage signals to

50、 a form which can be presented to the processor via the system buses. Here the state of each input line, whether it is “on” or “off”, is indicated by a corresponding “1” or “0”. In the analog inputs which have been conve

51、rted to digital form, the patterns of ones and zeros in the internal representation will form binary numbers corresponding to the quantity being converted.</p><p>　　Feedback Control</p><p>　　The

52、 class of control problems to be examined here is one of considerable engineering interest. We shall consider systems with several inputs, some known as controls because they may be manipulated and others called external

53、 disturbances, which are quite unpredictable. For example, in an industrial furnace we may consider the fuel flow, the ambient temperature, and the loading of material into the furnace to be inputs. Of these, the fuel fl

54、ow is accessible and can readily be controlled, while the</p><p>　　In such situations, one aspect of the control problems is to determine how the controls should be manipulated so as to counteract the effect

55、s of the external disturbances on the state of the system. One possible approach to the solution of this problem is to use a continuous measurement of the disturbances, and from this and the known system equations to det

56、ermine what the control inputs should be as functions of time to give appropriate control of the system state.</p><p>　　Digital Interface Circuits</p><p>　　The signals used within microcomputer

57、circuits are almost always too small to be connected directly to the “outside world” and some kind of interface must be used to translate them to a more appropriate form. The design of section of interface circuits is on

58、e of the most important tasks facing the engineer wishing to apply microcomputers. We have seen that in microcomputers information is represented as discrete patterns of bits; this digital form is most useful when the

59、 microcomputer is to b</p><p>　　Care must be taken when connecting logic circuits to ensure that their logic levels and current ratings are compatible. The output voltages produced by a logic circuit are nor

60、mally specified in terms of worst case values when sourcing or sinking the maximum rated currents. Thus Voh is the guaranteed minimum “high” voltage when sourcing the maximum rated “high” output current Ioh, while Vol is

61、 the guaranteed minimum “l(fā)ow” output voltage when sinking the maximum rated “l(fā)ow” output current Iol. The</p><p>　　For input interface, perhaps the main problem facing the designer is that of electrical nois

62、e. Small noises signals may cause the system to malfunction, while larger amounts of noise can permanently damage it. The designer must be aware of these dangers from the outset. There are many methods to protect interfa

63、ce circuits and microcomputer from various kinds of noise. Following are some example:</p><p>　　1. Input and output electrical isolation between the microcomputer system and external devices using an opto-is

64、olator or a transformer.</p><p>　　2. Removing high frequency noise pulses by a low-pass filter and Schmitt-trigger.</p><p>　　3. Protecting against excessive input voltages using a pair of diodes

65、 to power supply reversibly biased in normal direction.</p><p>　　For output interface, parameters Voh,Vol,Ioh and Iol of a logic device are usually much to low to allow loads to be connected directly, and in

66、 practice an external circuit must be connected to amplify the current and voltage to drive a load. Although several types of semiconductor devices are now available for controlling DC and AC powers up to many kilowatts,

67、 there are two basic ways in which a switch can be connected to a load to control it.</p><p>　　With series connection, the switch allows current to flow through the load when closed, while with shunt connect

68、ion closing the switch allows current to bypass the load. Both connections are useful in low-power circuits, but only the series connection can be used in high-power circuits because of the power wasted in the series res

69、istor R..</p><p><b>　　AT89C52</b></p><p>　　Compatible with MCS-51? Products，8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory，Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles， Fully Static Operat

70、ion: 0 Hz to 24 MHz，Three-level Program Memory Lock，256 x 8-bit Internal RAM，32 Programmable I/O Lines，Three 16-bit Timer/Counters， Eight Interrupt Sources， Programmable Serial Channel</p><p>　　Low-power Idl

71、e and Power-down Modes.</p><p>　　Description</p><p>　　The AT89C52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-

72、vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full-duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two so

73、ftware selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system </p><p>　　AT89C52 Timer 2</p><p>　　Timer 2 is a 16-bi

74、t Timer/Counter that can operate as either a timer or an event counter. The type of operation is selected by bit C/T2 in the SFR T2CON (shown in Table 2). Timer 2 has three operating modes: capture, auto-reload (up or do

75、wn counting), and baud rate generator. The modes are selected by bits in T2CON, as shown in Table 3. Timer 2 consists of two 8-bit registers, TH2 and TL2. In the Timer function, the TL2 register is incremented every mach

76、ine cycle. Since a machine cycle consists </p><p>　　Capture Mode</p><p>　　In the capture mode, two options are selected by bit EXEN2 in T2CON. If EXEN2 = 0, Timer 2 is a 16-bit timer or counter

77、which upon overflow sets bit TF2 in T2CON. This bit can then be used to generate an interrupt. If EXEN2 = 1, Timer 2 performs the same operation, but a 1- to-0 transition at external input T2EX also causes the current va

78、lue in TH2 and TL2 to be captured into RCAP2H and RCAP2L, respectively. In addition, the transition at T2EX causes bit EXF2 in T2CON to be set. The EXF2 bit, li</p><p>　　Auto-reload (Up or Down Counter)</

79、p><p>　　Timer 2 can be programmed to count up or down when configured in its 16-bit auto-reload mode. This feature is invoked by the DCEN (Down Counter Enable) bit located in the SFR T2MOD. Upon reset, the DCEN

80、 bit is set to 0 so that timer 2 will default to count up. When DCEN is set, Timer 2 can count up or down, depending on the value of the T2EX pin.</p><p>　　Baud Rate Generator</p><p>　　Timer 2 i

81、s selected as the baud rate generator by setting TCLK and/or RCLK in T2CON. Note that the baud rates for transmit and receive can be different if Timer 2 is used for the receiver or transmitter and Timer 1 is used for th

82、e other function. Setting RCLK and/or TCLK puts Timer 2 into its baud rate generator mode. The baud rate generator mode is similar to the auto-reload mode, in that a rollover in TH2 causes the Timer 2 registers to be rel

83、oaded with the 16-bit value in registers RCAP2H and</p><p>　　The Timer can be configured for either timer or counter operation. In most applications, it is configured for timer operation (CP/T2 = 0). The tim

84、er operation is different for Timer 2 when it is used as a baud rate generator. Normally, as a timer, it increments every machine cycle (at 1/12 the oscillator frequency). As a baud rate generator, however, it increments

85、 every state time (at 1/2 the oscillator frequency). The baud rate formula is given below.</p><p>　　where (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) is the content of RCAP2H and RCAP2L taken as a 16-bit unsigned integer. Timer 2 as a

86、 baud rate generator is shown in Figure 4. This figure is valid only if RCLK or TCLK = 1 in T2CON. Note that a rollover in TH2 does not set TF2 and will not generate an interrupt. Note too, that if EXEN2 is set, a 1-to-0

87、 transition in T2EX will set EXF2 but will not cause a reload from (RCAP2H, RCAP2L) to (TH2, TL2). Thus when Timer 2 is in use as a baud rate generator, T2EX can be used as </p><p><b>　　中文</b><

88、;/p><p>　　隨著電視技術的發(fā)展和閉路電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)要求的提高，閉路電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)迅速成長起來。閉路電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代建筑不可缺少的一部分。閉路電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)（又稱CCTV）是安防領域中的重要組成部分，是所有安全系統(tǒng)中最關鍵的子系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)通過遙控攝像機及其輔助設備（鏡頭、云臺等），直接觀察被監(jiān)視場所的情況，同時可以把被監(jiān)視場所的情況進行同步錄象。另外，電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)還可以，與防盜報警系統(tǒng)等其它安全技術防范體系聯(lián)動

89、運行，使用戶安全防范能力得到整體的提高。</p><p>　　閉路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)能在人無法直接觀察的場合，適時、圖象、真實地反映被監(jiān)視控制對象的畫面。閉路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)已成為廣大用戶，在現(xiàn)代化管理中監(jiān)控的最為有效的觀察工具和管理工具。在控制中心，只要一個工作人員的操作，就能夠觀察多個被控區(qū)域，以及遠距離區(qū)域的監(jiān)控功能，這就是監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)在現(xiàn)代建筑中起獨特作用和被廣泛應用的重要原因。</p><p>　　目

90、前，國內(nèi)廣泛使用的閉路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)大多為模擬監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，其主要特點是：采用矩陣主機控制，通過電視墻監(jiān)視前端目標，采用長延時模擬錄像機進行錄像和回放；其主要缺點是：當錄像資料需要長時間備份時，需要大量的錄像帶，消耗大量的人力和物力，并且在錄像回放、檢索時操作不方便。</p><p>　　經(jīng)過幾年的發(fā)展，基于數(shù)字存儲技術的硬盤錄像系統(tǒng)至今技術已經(jīng)完全成熟，很好地解決了傳統(tǒng)圖像存儲及回放等技術難題。數(shù)字硬盤錄像系統(tǒng)不僅存儲費

91、用低、效率高，而且還具有網(wǎng)絡傳輸、遠程傳輸和循環(huán)存儲等優(yōu)點。與此同時，硬盤錄像系統(tǒng)的數(shù)字化和傳輸網(wǎng)絡化等先進技術可以實現(xiàn)與防盜報警等系統(tǒng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)聯(lián)動，及時準確地反饋現(xiàn)場信息，為報警事件提供充分可靠的依據(jù)。</p><p>　　根據(jù)要求,我經(jīng)過和老師同學們的多次溝通和認真研究，考慮到學校實際情況與投資規(guī)模，在設計方案時努力優(yōu)選系統(tǒng)設備，提高整個系統(tǒng)配置的性能價格比。在保證系統(tǒng)的先進性、科學性、實用性、擴展性，綜合運用計

92、算機技術、通訊技術、多媒體技術（3C技術），大大提高了系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，真正實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的自動控制，完全實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)的無人職守，最大限度地提高監(jiān)控的范圍和質(zhì)量，減少盲區(qū)，因此，在進行系統(tǒng)設計時，依據(jù)國家的有關規(guī)范標準，綜合研究了建設方的基本要求，從學校安全防范的實際需要出發(fā)，確立了以方下幾個基本原則： </p><p>　　1．在方案設計與施工中，力求使本系統(tǒng)與學校建筑的建筑裝璜風格保持和諧統(tǒng)一，做到隱蔽、美觀又不影響使用效

93、果。</p><p>　　2．合理的監(jiān)察點布防，尤其是在圖文信息中心、工業(yè)中心 、出入口、重要通道等部位實施重點監(jiān)察。</p><p>　　3．選擇性能價格比較高的設備，根據(jù)項目的特點配置系統(tǒng)的設備，既要符合先進性的原則和安防系統(tǒng)規(guī)范的要求，又要盡量考慮為學校節(jié)省工程費用。</p><p>　　4．對于系統(tǒng)中設備（主要包括：彩色高解低照度攝像機、彩色夜視攝像機、室內(nèi)

94、全方位球型壁裝云臺、鏡頭、嵌入式數(shù)字硬盤錄像機等）的選取力求做到優(yōu)選、精選，最大限度的提高系統(tǒng)的性能價格比及穩(wěn)定可靠性，增加系統(tǒng)的可操作性，最大限度地提高監(jiān)控的范圍和質(zhì)量，減少盲區(qū)。其主要設備均采用幾家國際著名專業(yè)CCTV制造廠商的產(chǎn)品，整個系統(tǒng)力求做到布局合理，技術先進，經(jīng)濟實用，操作維修簡便，并保證系統(tǒng)在若干年后仍保持其先進性和穩(wěn)定性。</p><p>　　閉路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)提供遠近距離的監(jiān)視和控制。根據(jù)國家有關技

95、術規(guī)范，系統(tǒng)應設置安防攝像機，電視監(jiān)視器、錄像機（或硬盤錄像機）和畫面處理器等，使用戶能隨時調(diào)看任意一個畫面，遙控操作任一臺攝像機等。</p><p>　　CCTV系統(tǒng)的原理：首先由安裝于需要防范位置的攝像機鏡頭獲得光學視頻圖像，通過攝像機內(nèi)部的傳感器和電路將視頻信號轉(zhuǎn)化為點對點的電信號，經(jīng)過電纜傳輸后，通過顯示設備將電信號還原為視頻圖像。</p><p>　　閉路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)主要組成部分是：

96、前端攝像部分（產(chǎn)生圖像的攝像機或成像裝置），傳輸部分（圖像的傳輸），控制部分，顯示記錄部分。攝像部分是電視監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的前沿部分，是整個系統(tǒng)的“眼睛”，它把監(jiān)視的內(nèi)容變?yōu)閳D像信號，傳送控制中心的監(jiān)視器上，攝像部分的好壞及它產(chǎn)生的圖像信號質(zhì)量將影響整個系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量；傳輸部分是系統(tǒng)的圖像信號通道；控制部分是整個系統(tǒng)的“心臟”和“大腦”，是實現(xiàn)整個系統(tǒng)功能的指揮中心；顯示部分一般是由幾臺或多臺監(jiān)視器組成，它的功能是將傳送過來的圖像一一顯示出來。&l

97、t;/p><p>　　模擬-數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器（ADC）用來將連續(xù)變化信號變成相應的數(shù)字量，這數(shù)字量可是可能性的二進制數(shù)值中的一固定值。如果傳感器輸出不是連續(xù)變化的，就不需模擬-數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換。這種情況下，信號調(diào)理單元必須將輸入信號變換成為另一信號，也可直接與接口的下一部分，即微計算機本身的輸入輸出單元相連接。</p><p>　　輸入/輸出單元將數(shù)字“開/關”電壓信號轉(zhuǎn)換成能通過系統(tǒng)總線傳送到計算機的信號

98、形式。這里每一根線的狀態(tài)，無論是“開”或是“關”，用相應的“1”或“0”表示。對于已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字形式的模擬輸入量，內(nèi)部表示中用1和0組成的排列形式與被轉(zhuǎn)換量相對應的二進制數(shù)。</p><p>　　步進電機步進電機的類型分成兩個基本的種類,這些包括單極，雙極，和多相種類。</p><p><b>　　反饋控制</b></p><p>　　這里所研