采礦工程畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯----新技術(shù)和新理論的采礦業(yè)跨世紀(jì)發(fā)展

1、<p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　DEVELOPING OF TRANS-CENTURY MINING SUBJECT</p><p>　　WITH NEW TECHNOLOGY AND NEW THEORY</p><p>　　Abstract： Mining subject needs further dev

2、elopment and towards which the development would being the problems concerned over all along and to be succeeded with the public good enough attention to discussions to reach an identify of views admittedly. The emergenc

3、e in succession of new-and-high techs in the mid-and late twentieth century is perhaps the most fascinating and epoch-marking event that has given to all the subjects certain but different degrees of impacts to become m

4、ore closely interr</p><p>　　Key words: mining subject; mineral industry; mineral economics; new-and-high tech. </p><p>　　1 The Importance of Mining Industry in the National Economy</p>&l

5、t;p>　　Today, it has been paid unprecedented attention to the development of technology worldwide. The advance of space engineering, information engineering，biological engineering and marine engineering，the discovery a

6、nd the research and development of the new energy and new materials increasingly change every aspect of human life both at present and in the future. The words "Science and Technology being the First Production Forc

7、e" has fatherly and penetratingly pointed out the important role of new te</p><p>　　In the competition of several big countries in the world striving for the exploration of outer space，one should not fo

8、rget the essential fact that there are more than five billion people living on the earth. To assure the survival of mankind on the earth，four essential requirements should be considerably fulfilled，namely，the nutrients，

9、materials，fuels and the environment. The nutrients mainly are air，water，forests，grains and miscellaneous plants，all of which are acquired from the nature. The ma</p><p>　　However，is conventional industry, b

10、ut not sunset industry. As long as mankind live on the earth，mining industry will last forever and never decline and fall，instead，as man's living demands increases，the output of fuels and raw materials will be increa

11、sed by a big marg and mineral industry will still gain a much greater development. </p><p>　　The Object of Study of the Mining Subject</p><p>　　2. 1 The Tasks and the Special Features of 1liinin

12、g Subject</p><p>　　Historically and the Special Features of 1liining Subject the development of mining subject has its own course of change and development both at home and abroad. Since mining industry is c

13、losely related with geology, metallurgical and energy industry consequently in the subject relationships，they are interrelative and interdepartmental each other. As mining subject branch of science dealing with the extra

14、ction and utilization of minerals and the resources from inside the earth，on the sake of the</p><p>　　Five Urgent Requirements on the Tendency towards the Trans-century Development of Modern Mining Subjects&

15、lt;/p><p>　　3. 1 Renewing the Knowledge of Strata 11Zechanics</p><p>　　Above all rock and or ore properties are the prerequisites of the subjects of the study of mining engineering regardless of wh

16、ether it is excavation，comminuting or strata ,stability strata mechanics is required to make the study along two aspects:(1)From the micro-study to the macro-study(2) The study of the contradictions between rock-breaking

17、 and rock stability in the course of mining and excavating. Therefore it is a very broad field of academic study Comparing with common solid materials，ro</p><p>　　3.2 Anew Knowledge of Mining Engineering &l

18、t;/p><p>　　System-the"hian-Nature-Rfachine" Systern ，System engineering had found in recent years very rapid development，and wide applications m mining engineering. Been modeled after the "man-ma

19、chine’s Generally, mining systems engineering considerably studies had system model used in aerospace engineering and other departments of en Bering. In recent years，Prof. Fettwice of the Montan University of Austria and

20、 the author of this paper both had put forth the opinion that the objects of mining engineerm8 M</p><p>　　3.3 Reforming the Conventional Mining Technologies and Industries with Modern New technologies</p&

21、gt;<p>　　The major policy of China of reforming the conventional industries with new-and-high techs of great importance and no doubt to its conventional industries. The essential features of new-and-high techs are

22、 highly technology-intensive.</p><p>　　Just as discussed in the beginning of this paper，speaking with respect to the reforming of mining engineering and coal industry with new-and-high techs，it is essential

23、to introduce merely those ones which enable to make these two industries swiftly commercialized. Since mine is concerned with the natural surround gas of ground，the new techs，however，as those used in aerospace engineeri

24、ng in the care for "going up to sky" when used for 0getting down into the earth in mining engineering practices </p><p>　　3.4 Making the study of market-economy mineral economics theories</p>

25、<p>　　For a long time that the mineral economics theory in China had been given distinct features of planning economy，while in the theory itself，mineral resources were not recognized as commodities and had no pric

26、es. Consequently，even though the mineral products had prices but were distorted ones making all national mining enterprises non-profitable and to exist depending on governmental policy-subsidization. Now the country, h

27、owever，has changed into socialist market economy, most mineral enterprise</p><p>　　selling-price of minerals into even worse situation of disorder，no-restraint and anarchy of scrambling for extracting the mi

28、neral resources putting the mineral industries in a tight spot unabling to feed themselves. Under this circumstance，the importance of undertaking the soft science research right now becomes more conspicuous to the miner

29、al industries than ever before. One can predict that had the theoretical study of mineral economics theory been made ,portent break troughs，that it would ra</p><p>　　3.5 Relationship between Mineral Engineer

30、ing and Natural Ecology</p><p>　　Mining engineering is the removal of rocks and minerals to the surface through excavations from underground deep in the earth or from the ground surface leaving the excavated

31、 space so formed. Every turn meters Surface every year subsidence in China. of the commodity flow of mining products reaches billion cubic Obviously it has caused many negative effects，for example:(1)uses of waste rock

32、which results in the damages of farming lands and houses;(2) Large volrefuse and tailings occupy large are</p><p>　　Suggestions opment of to the Science and Technology Circles of the Nation for the Develop

33、-the Mining Subject</p><p>　　4.1 An Unguent Appeal</p><p>　　No doubt the "flying up into the sky" technology is the one most advanced，however，the getting down into the earth" tech

34、nology in mining engineering is no less complex，and even more difficult to pin down. It is no wonder that people consider that mineral engineering being much simpler and pay less attention for lack of the knowledge of th

35、e resulting in the low rate of mineral recovery and low rate of mineral extracting. For this country, but to spend a great many of valuable hard currency to imp</p><p>　　4.2 National Resource Policy</p&g

36、t;<p>　　National resource policy concerns the future for many generations. Hoping the government population institutions relevant learn Iron the lesson of the past population policy，to take measures as early as p

37、ossible to have the print up of mineral resources centralized.</p><p>　　4.3 Mineral Investment Policy</p><p>　　The investment policy and the set up of mineral industries should be dire; iron: tm

38、 common industries to assure in the long run the first energy supply 1vit} necessary and appropriate support.</p><p>　　4.4 Make Ready the Successors</p><p>　　To make ready the successors for the

39、 mineral industries and the development of the mining subjects，suggesting to give preferential treatment to the university. Admissions system and the recruitment of mineral workers and set mineral science. Foundation as

40、an important subject independent from the foundations of those. Basic science in the natural science foundation.</p><p>　　The aim of writing this paper is to hone that in the tonguing A of this century minim

41、 subject in China will have a new prosperous development with the of new technology to theory under the guidance of the national science policy.</p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p>　　新技術(shù)和新理論的

42、采礦業(yè)跨世紀(jì)發(fā)展</p><p>　　摘要：煤炭產(chǎn)業(yè)需要更長遠(yuǎn)的發(fā)展，對工作中所討論的熱點(diǎn)在工業(yè)中出現(xiàn)新的理論和高科技成功使用在二十世紀(jì)末是最美好的，作為被關(guān)心的問題需要較快一步的發(fā)展，在20世紀(jì)中后期產(chǎn)生的新型、高速的新技術(shù)是最有吸引力和標(biāo)志性的，即使在所有行業(yè)中不同的沖擊變得起來越相關(guān)以及部門間彼此合作并明確地敘述許多新的理論，煤炭行業(yè)的新科技和新理論是不可避免的，并且包括一切的不可能性。作者在這篇文章中闡述

43、了他關(guān)于采礦學(xué)的發(fā)展問題的意見， 舉出了許多令人信服的事實(shí)，并對大部分新的情況予以求證。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵字: 采礦工程，礦業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè), 礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),新技術(shù)和高科技 </p><p>　　1.采礦在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性</p><p>　　今天，科技世界的發(fā)展已經(jīng)引起了對采礦空前的不容忽視，空間工程，信息工程，生物工程和海洋工程的發(fā)展，新能源的發(fā)現(xiàn)和研究與發(fā)展以及

44、新原料在目前和將來逐漸地改變著人類生活的每個方面。“科學(xué)技術(shù)是第一生產(chǎn)力”指出了新科技在國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的中扮演了重要的角色。</p><p>　　在全球的一些大的國家中，互相競爭為的是努力探測外部的空間，我們不應(yīng)該忘記基本的事實(shí)：有超過五十億個人生活在地球上。想要保住地球上的人類，我們必須做到以下四個方面：也就是營養(yǎng)物，原料，燃料和環(huán)境。</p><p>　　營養(yǎng)物主要是空氣、水、森林、谷物和各

45、種植物，它們都是來自于自然。 原料有鐵、鐵的金屬，稀罕的金屬，寶貴的化學(xué)的原料和建材的金屬。燃料如：煤炭，石油，天然氣，鈾，放射性金屬元素和其他的發(fā)光要素。這些也在自然界中發(fā)生。最后一種是靠人類來維持的生態(tài)環(huán)境。在上述中三個必要的物質(zhì)中，原料和燃料從地球表面經(jīng)過采礦學(xué)取出服務(wù)人類。 生態(tài)學(xué)的環(huán)境和采礦已及上述的三個必要的財產(chǎn)抽出有莫大的關(guān)系。然而，隨著新技術(shù)和它們進(jìn)入煤炭行業(yè)成果的提高，逐漸使它由朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)變成當(dāng)日落業(yè)并逐漸地褪色消失。如

46、采礦產(chǎn)業(yè)是最古老的勞工即強(qiáng)烈傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，因此，那里沒落是在一個民族的特定部份需要的印象而且要再作任何的更高深的研究，并在此之上發(fā)展采礦。這自然不是真實(shí)的。資訊科技在研究的文件中被列為中國國家理事會的一個主要研究計劃。發(fā)展研究中心燃料和原料將會輪流保持一個國家的工業(yè)組織中分配占有一定的位置。由于在煤炭產(chǎn)業(yè)之中，綜采將會在那兩個能源和原料業(yè)輪流限制等級，新技術(shù)的引入期限因?yàn)檫@些本質(zhì)上為其他產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展有積極的影響。 因此譬如：采礦業(yè)，能源和原

47、料產(chǎn)業(yè)，這些舊的產(chǎn)業(yè)仍然有它的存在價值和積極影響。</p><p>　　然而,采礦業(yè)是一個傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)，新的科技進(jìn)步和先進(jìn)技術(shù)進(jìn)入將會使它本身成為采礦業(yè)之內(nèi)最后一個科技密集型工業(yè)。 由于出現(xiàn)了高度地機(jī)械化和自動化挖掘，而且機(jī)器人控制生產(chǎn)的無人的工作面為新科技應(yīng)用的標(biāo)志，采礦業(yè)而且事實(shí)證明采礦業(yè),雖然是傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè),但是并不是日落產(chǎn)業(yè)。 只要人類活的在地球，采礦業(yè)上將會持續(xù)發(fā)展，而且當(dāng)人類的生活需求增加，燃料的輸出，

48、不但不會下降反而會迅速提高，而且原料消耗將會是極大的 增加 ，而且礦物產(chǎn)業(yè)將會仍然得到很大發(fā)展。</p><p>　　2. 采礦學(xué)的研究對象</p><p>　　2. 1 采礦的特征和任務(wù)</p><p>　　在歷史上國內(nèi)外關(guān)于采礦主題的發(fā)展有它自己的變化發(fā)展方向。因?yàn)椴傻V業(yè)接近地理與地質(zhì)學(xué),和能源業(yè)他們是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的學(xué)科. 如采礦主題就是一個科學(xué)的部門如何對地球上的

49、礦物和資源的進(jìn)行開發(fā)和利用，對大量的巖石和復(fù)雜的礦物等自然資源作為研究的對象的復(fù)雜的基本理論。尤其是在以下方面扮演重要角色:采礦的所要研究的物體是在自然界中與其他巖石不一致的礦石體。</p><p>　　3.對于跨世紀(jì)的沖擊在發(fā)展方向的五個的需求</p><p>　　3. 1 更新煤層開采技術(shù)的了解;</p><p>　　最重要的是，采礦所研究的附屬的先決條件不管它

50、是否是挖掘，粉碎煤層，采礦學(xué)的技巧要沿著二個方面作研究:(1)從微觀研究到宏觀研究(2) 矛盾的研究在采礦和開鑿期間在巷道冒落的巖石之間如何保持穩(wěn)定。因此現(xiàn)場是學(xué)院研究的一個非常寬廣的平臺。與通常的經(jīng)濟(jì)而穩(wěn)固的原料相比，巖石在結(jié)構(gòu)上地扮演重要角色。</p><p>　　3. 2 礦物工程新理論;</p><p>　　采礦學(xué)系統(tǒng)近幾年來已經(jīng)發(fā)展的非常迅速， 并且廣泛應(yīng)用于煤炭工程。采礦學(xué)已經(jīng)

51、人機(jī)模型，通常被視為采礦系統(tǒng)工程學(xué)。在最近的數(shù)年，美國的一些大學(xué)的教授和這篇文章的作者兩者都提出意見，采礦所面對的是機(jī)械和巖石層, 采礦學(xué)的主動性是那些藉著人類在地下環(huán)境的知識方面。</p><p>　　3. 3 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)代的新科技去改造傳統(tǒng)采礦科技;</p><p>　　中國的主要政策是用新技術(shù)去改革傳統(tǒng)的產(chǎn)業(yè)和高科技，它對傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的好處和重要性沒有人會懷疑。新技術(shù)和高科技基本的特點(diǎn)是高科

52、技技術(shù)的集中。正如這篇文章的開頭所述，采礦學(xué)和煤炭業(yè)由于新技術(shù)和高科技而迅速發(fā)展，介紹那些與這二個產(chǎn)業(yè)中哪一個準(zhǔn)許開放買賣。自從新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用之后，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益很好，當(dāng)用的時候那些為天空中的航空宇宙工程學(xué)中應(yīng)用于地球在采礦學(xué)中練習(xí)明顯地被需要以不同的模式獲得。在80年代，柏林河已經(jīng)應(yīng)用光學(xué)的纖維電視，高科技在地下的采礦中對采礦干擾問題的上升到地球磁性，電和光波動, 和傳導(dǎo)層絕緣層波動。人類花了很長時間進(jìn)行研究，新技術(shù)讓礦物業(yè)有了很大發(fā)展。&l

53、t;/p><p>　　3. 4 市場經(jīng)濟(jì)和礦業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的研究</p><p>　　在很長一段時間，在中國煤炭經(jīng)濟(jì)理論已經(jīng)得到應(yīng)用，然而受計劃經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響，當(dāng)時礦物資源沒被辨認(rèn)出當(dāng)作日用品而且沒有價格的時候，即使礦物產(chǎn)品有了價格但是被扭曲了，結(jié)果使所有的國家采礦企業(yè)沒有利潤而存在，當(dāng)在政治的政策上的補(bǔ)助?，F(xiàn)在中國已經(jīng)改變進(jìn)入社會主義市場經(jīng)濟(jì), 大多數(shù)的礦物企業(yè)根本地不能夠適應(yīng)他們自己需要，從富足農(nóng)民政

54、策的觀點(diǎn)到特別的新情形，提出礦物資源的探索要超過資產(chǎn)實(shí)質(zhì)的資本估償，快速的流動已經(jīng)重復(fù)利用做成礦物產(chǎn)業(yè)的觀點(diǎn)和共同富裕的政策, 由于低點(diǎn)已經(jīng)引起價格赤字，銷售礦物的價格進(jìn)入無序，甚至比較壞情形之內(nèi)以不約束和無政府的狀態(tài)下出現(xiàn)。在這環(huán)境下，煤炭企業(yè)的科學(xué)研究立刻比平常變得更顯著的礦物產(chǎn)業(yè)。</p><p>　　3. 5 礦物工程和生態(tài)學(xué)之間的關(guān)系</p><p>　　采礦學(xué)經(jīng)過開采煤層是對表

55、面的巖石和來自地球的地下深處的礦物的移動，從土地的表面離開這么隔開形成。 在中國采礦產(chǎn)品的商品流量延伸十億立方體的，舉例來說它已經(jīng)明顯地引起了許多消極效果:</p><p>　　(1)廢棄巖石即矸石導(dǎo)致耕作土地和房子的損壞;</p><p>　　(2)大的礦井占領(lǐng)土地的大片區(qū)域; </p><p>　　(3)煤炭及油燃燒產(chǎn)品發(fā)出廢物原料，像是廢氣，廢物液體和固體并

56、且污染環(huán)境。在中國，每年十億噸的煤炭燃燒如燃料產(chǎn)生的粉塵，NO2 和CO2暖氣嚴(yán)重威脅了中國的生態(tài)學(xué)環(huán)境，并對附近的國家造成重大損失。</p><p>　　4.結(jié)論 國家的科技開放對采礦的沖擊</p><p><b>　　4.1 緊急呼吁</b></p><p>　　毋庸質(zhì)疑科技是最先進(jìn)的生產(chǎn)力，然而采礦工程的科學(xué)技術(shù)不是簡單的，資訊科技不足為

57、奇，考慮煤炭工程學(xué)比較簡單并且很少注意以低比率礦物回收率和取出的礦物低比率造成的最終缺乏的前景。對于這一個國家,不需要花費(fèi)大量的硬幣來進(jìn)口實(shí)際上不需要的那些原料，自然地對國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展是不適用的。希望科學(xué)技術(shù)協(xié)會，特別是他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)部門，更新他們的知識結(jié)構(gòu)，而且提供必需的支持，供其進(jìn)行搜尋礦物產(chǎn)業(yè)的研究。</p><p>　　4.2 國家資源政策</p><p>　　國家的資源政策擔(dān)心很多未

58、來的狀況。希望統(tǒng)治者建立合理的人口制度 ,控制人口的高速增長，節(jié)約礦物資源的開采,提高礦產(chǎn)資源的利用率。</p><p><b>　　4.3 支持研究者</b></p><p>　　為了支持煤炭工業(yè)的研究者和礦物產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，給予大學(xué)教授以經(jīng)濟(jì)和系統(tǒng)支持，并給予煤礦工人以指導(dǎo)。并為煤炭重要發(fā)展方向的研究設(shè)置科學(xué)基金，像其他的自然科學(xué)基金一樣。</p>&l