鄉(xiāng)村旅游在土耳其的評(píng)估使用swot分析外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文2863字</b></p><p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p>　　Assessment of Rural Tourism in Turkey Using SWOT Analysis</p><p>　　Material Source: Journal of Applie

2、 Sciences Author: Hasan Akca </p><p>　　INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　Turkey is a country situated at cross roads of three continents: Asia, Europe and Africa. It occu

3、pies some 780 thousand km^2 of land and is surrounded by 8000 km of coastline. According to the results of 2000 population census, the population of the country is 67 803 927. Nearly 35% of the country population lives i

4、n rural areas. The number of villages is nearly 37 thousand and about two-thirds of them have populations below 500. Besides, one-thirds of rural dwellers live in the villages located</p><p>　　The need to re

5、dress regional imbalances and to improve income distribution among various sections of society is engaging the attention of policy makers. The creation of employment, the improvement of rural living standards and the rev

6、ersal of the trend towards migration of rural populations to urban areas are some of the main objectives of Turkish government's rural development policies (Muthoo and Onul, 1996)</p><p>　　At the beginni

7、ng of 1990s, Turkey has decided to diversify tourism in order to compete with western countries. The basic philosophy of new tourism concept of Turkey can be summarized as tourism activity in four seasons, throughout the

8、 country and evaluating cultural, historical, environmental potential of the country. In this context, Turkey is working on two types of alternative tourism. The first type includes botanical, air balloon, water-related,

9、 thermal and health, physical recreation, reli</p><p>　　Rural tourism is at the introduction stage of tourism product life cycle since it is a new activity in Turkey. Therefore, the number of research dealin

10、g with rural tourism is limited. And also there is a difficulty in gathering and disseminating data. In order to look the future clearly and make accurate policies drawing the whole picture of rural tourism in Turkey is

11、 very important.</p><p>　　In this context, the aim of the study is to evaluate current constraints for and future possibilities of rural tourism sector point of view of conservation of natural, historical an

12、d cultural values, sustainable rural development and integrating tourism, agricultural and rural development policies of Turkey with those of the EU.</p><p>　　THE CONCEPT OF RURAT, TOURISM</p><p&g

13、t;　　Rural tourism is a multi-faceted activity: It is not just farm-based tourism. It includes farm-based holidays but also comprises special interest nature holidays and eco-tourism, walking, climbing and riding holidays

14、, adventure, sport and health tourism, hunting and angling, educational travel, arts and heritage tourism and, in some areas ethnic tourism (Bram well and Lane, 1994)</p><p>　　Lack of studies on rural touris

15、m is compounded further by the absence of a commonly accepted definition as to what constitutes rural tourism. Sometimes rural tourism is equated with farm tourism (Oppermann, 1996) .Some authors include outdoor recreat

16、ion and tourism in National Parks and wilderness areas into rural tourism (Ladki, 1993; Owens, 1984); But Dernoi (1991)excludes them. On the other hand, Pearce (1990) discusses second homes in the context of rural touris

17、m.</p><p>　　RURAL TOURISM ACTIVITIES IN TURKEY</p><p>　　In recent years local governors and NGOs throughout the country have been trying to benefit from rural tourism via supplying all historica

18、l, natural, culture land religious values in both domestic and foreign tourism markets. Some of the activities are summarized as follows:</p><p>　　Urged municipality has decided to apply a project aiming at

19、introduction of rural life in the Cappadocia region. Total budget of the project is 50 million dollars and it will be organized by Magic Life International. In the context of project, both domestic and foreign visitors w

20、ill attend village wedding ceremonies, cook traditional rural meals, milking cows and sheep.</p><p>　　In the Valley of Kizilcukur, located in the district of Ortahisar, Nevsehir province local governor is or

21、ganized a tour for tourist to see the sun. Because this area is a good place where the sun rises and sets best in the world. Every year nearly 30,000 tourists visit the place paying nearly $1.5 per day. </p><p

22、>　　Camel wrestling is organized in many villages and counties of Mediterranean, Marmara and Egean regions during winter season.</p><p>　　In the last two years, soap opera were made in rural areas of Turke

23、y. In addition, Turkish films named Sun Shines from the East, Taste at the Summits and Heads or Tails were made in Cappadocia. Therefore, many people go to villages mentioned above to see actors and actress. Visit histor

24、ical places and live nostalgia.</p><p>　　In recent years some tourism agencies have organized tours covering the route of Silk Road.</p><p>　　Some rural people who were trained by professionals

25、joint paralyzing activity in rural areas of Arizonian and Mugla provinces.</p><p>　　There are some private organizations supplying rural tourism service in Southwest part of Turkey. One of them is HUZUR VADI

26、SI. It is a holiday retreat, which offers yoga, holistic and walking holidays and alternative therapies at a beautiful traditional restored farmstead in a secluded mountain valley on Fisheye coast. Tourists are accommoda

27、ted in comfortable nomadic yurts, a special highlight of the holiday. Another professional rural tourism activity is organized by TOHUM presents an opportuni</p><p>　　Black Sea Region of Turkey is suitable f

28、or ecotourism and plateau tourism. In the context of rural tourism projects, some local governors are establishing or restoring wooden cottages in the highlands to accommodate tourists. During the holiday visitors have a

29、n opportunity breathing fresh air, eating traditional meals and sightseeing the exotic flora and fauna.</p><p>　　MATERIALS AND METHODS</p><p>　　SWOT analysis technique was used in order to expla

30、in current constraints and future possibilities of rural tourism in Turkey. SWOT stands for strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A SWOT analysis is essentially a brainstorming session on the key variables t

31、hat affect a firm's/sector's performance (Hendricks, 1999; Huber et al.1999).</p><p>　　In the study following methods were used in order to collect data: i) thorough out the year 2004, all TV progra

32、ms showed in 20 TV channels related to tourism, rural life, cultural activity, mountain, etc were watched, ii)10 provinces and their counties and villages were visited in different geographical regions of the country, i

33、ii) reported speeches were made with rural dwellers in order to define possible potential sources for rural tourism, iv)literature was reviewed to have background infor</p><p>　　RESULTS AND DISCUSSION</p&

34、gt;<p>　　The results of SWOT analysis of rural tourism in Turkey are given in Table1.</p><p>　　Table 1: SOWT analysis of rural tourism in Turkey</p><p>　　Promotion of rural tourism as a n

35、ew product is very low in Turkey, compared to western countries. However, in recent years there has been an increase in the number of television programs focused on rurality and also rural tourism in Turkey. Everybody ex

36、cept that these programs have an important role in the introduction of rural dwellers' life style, flora and fauna and historical and cultural values in rural areas to urban people desiring to see different places, t

37、o live adventure and to be in a</p><p>　　CONCLUSION</p><p>　　Turkey has an important potential tourism. However, rural tourism resources for alternative have not been used for the development of

38、 less favored areas of Turkey at adequate level due to terrorism in the Southeast part of Turkey since second half of the 1980s. Therefore, the rural areas, only in the Black Sea region, Mediterranean and Aegean regions,

39、 are opened to mass and also highland tourism activities. As starting the end of 20th century，the terrorism activity stopped (erased) by Turkish go</p><p>　　To sum up, "I want to feed and live in the pl

40、ace where I was born" is the slogan of people living in rural areas. To achieve this aim, there is a need to develop new employment opportunities in rural areas in addition to agriculture. Many successful applicatio

41、ns throughout the world show that rural tourism can create additional income for especially rural youth and women.</p><p><b>　　譯文</b></p><p>　　鄉(xiāng)村旅游在土耳其的評(píng)估使用SWOT分析</p><p>

42、;　　資料來(lái)源: Applie科學(xué)雜志 作者：哈桑.阿克賈</p><p><b>　　引言</b></p><p>　　土耳其是一個(gè)地跨亞洲，歐洲和非洲三大洲的國(guó)家，國(guó)土面積約780000平方公里，擁有8000公里的海岸線(xiàn)。根據(jù)2000年人口普查的結(jié)果，全國(guó)人口是67803927人，近35％的全國(guó)人口居住在農(nóng)村。村莊人口近37萬(wàn)人，約占

43、全國(guó)人口的三分之二，其中有三分之二的村莊人口低于500人。此外，有三分之一的農(nóng)村居民生活在森林里和鄰近森林的村落。</p><p>　　糾正區(qū)域間的不平衡和改善社會(huì)各階層收入的分布的必要性引起決策者的注意。創(chuàng)造就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)，提高農(nóng)村人民生活水平和實(shí)現(xiàn)改變農(nóng)村人口向城市地區(qū)移民的趨勢(shì)是土耳其政府的農(nóng)村發(fā)展政策主要目標(biāo)（穆素和奧努爾，1996）。</p><p>　　在90年代初，土耳其為了和西方

44、國(guó)家競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，決定將旅游多樣化。土耳其的新概念旅游的基本原則可以概括為四季旅游活動(dòng)，評(píng)價(jià)全國(guó)各地的文化，歷史，和環(huán)境的潛力。從某種意義上說(shuō)，土耳其正在進(jìn)行兩個(gè)交互型旅游。第一種類(lèi)型包括植物，氣球，與水有關(guān)，氣溫和衛(wèi)生，體育娛樂(lè)，宗教和文化旅游。第二種類(lèi)型，包括野營(yíng)和商隊(duì)，觀(guān)鳥(niǎo)（鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)），冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)，狩獵（嬉戲漁業(yè)和野生動(dòng)物）和高爾夫旅游（珀?duì)柤{爾，1996）。北部和中部安納托利亞演員都忙于促進(jìn)農(nóng)村和高原假期，如漂流旅游活動(dòng)，徒步旅行和放逐休閑旅

45、游，而南部沿海當(dāng)?shù)氐暮献骰锇檎诿τ陂_(kāi)發(fā)大眾旅游活動(dòng)（格伊曼，2000）。</p><p>　　由于鄉(xiāng)村旅游在旅游產(chǎn)品生命周期正處于引入階段，所以在土耳其是一種新的旅游方式。因此，研究與處理鄉(xiāng)村旅游的人數(shù)是有限的，同時(shí)也有收集和傳播數(shù)據(jù)的困難。認(rèn)清其未來(lái)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)與準(zhǔn)確的制定政策對(duì)規(guī)劃好整個(gè)土耳其鄉(xiāng)村旅游藍(lán)圖在是非常重要的。</p><p>　　在這種情況下，該研究的旨在從鄉(xiāng)村旅游的保護(hù)部門(mén)

46、的角度來(lái)看土耳其與歐盟在自然，歷史和文化價(jià)值，農(nóng)村的可持續(xù)發(fā)展和整合旅游，農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村發(fā)展政策以及當(dāng)前制約因素和土耳其鄉(xiāng)村旅游未來(lái)的可能性進(jìn)行評(píng)估。</p><p><b>　　鄉(xiāng)村旅游的內(nèi)涵</b></p><p>　　鄉(xiāng)村旅游是一個(gè)多層面的活動(dòng)：它不僅是以農(nóng)業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)的旅游業(yè)。它包括農(nóng)場(chǎng)的假期，也包括特殊的趣味自然性質(zhì)的假日和生態(tài)游，散步，爬山和騎馬假期，探險(xiǎn)，體育和

47、保健旅游，狩獵和垂釣，教育游，藝術(shù)及文物旅游，和一些地區(qū)民族游（布萊姆豪，1994）。</p><p>　　對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村旅游研究的缺乏，一種普遍接受的定義卻沒(méi)有進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明什么是鄉(xiāng)村旅游。有時(shí)，鄉(xiāng)村旅游等同于農(nóng)場(chǎng)是旅游（帕曼，1996）。有些作者把戶(hù)外娛樂(lè)、國(guó)家公園游玩和荒野地區(qū)旅游歸入鄉(xiāng)村旅游（蘭迪科，1993；歐文斯，1984）；但德?tīng)栔Z伊（1991）認(rèn)為鄉(xiāng)村旅游并不包括這些。另一方面，皮爾斯（1990）討論了鄉(xiāng)村旅

48、游方面的第二種定義。</p><p>　　土耳其的鄉(xiāng)村旅游活動(dòng)</p><p>　　近年來(lái)，地方州長(zhǎng)和全國(guó)各地的非政府組織一直在國(guó)內(nèi)外旅游市場(chǎng)試圖通過(guò)提供鄉(xiāng)村所有的歷史，自然，文化和宗教價(jià)值并從該旅游中受益。這些活動(dòng)概述如下：</p><p>　　于爾居普市政府已決定申請(qǐng)一個(gè)項(xiàng)目旨在卡帕多西亞地區(qū)的引進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村生活。本項(xiàng)目總預(yù)算為50萬(wàn)美元，將由國(guó)際魔術(shù)生活來(lái)籌集。在項(xiàng)

49、目范圍內(nèi)，國(guó)內(nèi)外游客將參加鄉(xiāng)村婚禮，鄉(xiāng)村傳統(tǒng)的做飯吃飯，擠牛奶和羊奶。</p><p>　　科茲庫(kù)魯爾谷位于Ortahisar地區(qū)的內(nèi)夫謝希爾省，該省組織游客去觀(guān)日出。由于這個(gè)地區(qū)是世界上觀(guān)看日出日落最好的地方。每年近3萬(wàn)游客到此旅游，每天花費(fèi)約達(dá)1.5美元。</p><p>　　在冬季，許多村莊和地中?？h，馬爾馬拉海和鄂梗地區(qū)組織駱駝摔跤。</p><p>　　在

50、過(guò)去兩年中，土耳其農(nóng)村地區(qū)的肥皂劇。此外，土耳其影片命名來(lái)自東方，在首腦會(huì)議和首腦或太陽(yáng)照在卡帕多西亞的。因此，很多人去看演員提到的村莊，參觀(guān)那里的歷史古跡和鄉(xiāng)村生活。</p><p>　　近年來(lái)，一些旅游機(jī)構(gòu)組團(tuán)的路線(xiàn)涵蓋了絲綢之路。</p><p>　　穆拉省和埃爾津詹省的農(nóng)村地區(qū)的有些村民進(jìn)行了專(zhuān)業(yè)人士的培訓(xùn)活動(dòng)。</p><p>　　這有一些供應(yīng)西南土耳其的

51、鄉(xiāng)村旅游服務(wù)的私營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)。其中之一是胡祖爾，這是一個(gè)度假勝地，這里提供瑜珈，全面和假期徒步旅行，并在一個(gè)美麗的費(fèi)特希耶海岸山谷農(nóng)莊恢復(fù)傳統(tǒng)替代療法。在一個(gè)特別的節(jié)日，游客會(huì)住在舒適的游牧蒙古包。另一專(zhuān)業(yè)的鄉(xiāng)村旅游活動(dòng)由托胡姆組織，住在傳統(tǒng)的村莊，與當(dāng)?shù)貗D女一起做飯，有機(jī)耕作，民間舞蹈和其他活動(dòng)等日常生活。</p><p>　　黑海地區(qū)的土耳其適合生態(tài)旅游和高原旅游。在農(nóng)村旅游項(xiàng)目方面，一些地方官員正在建立或恢復(fù)高原

52、木制小屋，以適應(yīng)游客。在節(jié)假日期間，游客有機(jī)會(huì)呼吸新鮮空氣，吃傳統(tǒng)的食物和觀(guān)光外來(lái)植物和動(dòng)物。</p><p><b>　　材料和方法</b></p><p>　　SWOT分析技術(shù)的使用，是為了分析當(dāng)前制約因素和土耳其鄉(xiāng)村旅游未來(lái)的可能性。SWOT分別代表優(yōu)勢(shì)，弱點(diǎn)，機(jī)會(huì)和威脅。 SWOT分析實(shí)際上是一種影響企業(yè)/部門(mén)的績(jī)效對(duì)關(guān)鍵變數(shù)的頭腦風(fēng)暴法（亨里克斯，1999；

53、侯本，1999）。</p><p>　　在這項(xiàng)研究中，用于收集數(shù)據(jù)的方法：1）縱觀(guān)2004年，所有電視節(jié)目的20頻道與旅游，農(nóng)村生活，文化活動(dòng)，山等有關(guān)的電視畫(huà)面，2）在該國(guó)不同的地理區(qū)域訪(fǎng)問(wèn)了10個(gè)省和他們的縣和村莊3）同農(nóng)村居民作出以確定鄉(xiāng)村旅游潛力的報(bào)告案 4）審查文學(xué)中以鄉(xiāng)村旅游為背景的信息，鄉(xiāng)村旅游及其可能對(duì)農(nóng)村人民和地區(qū)產(chǎn)生的影響的資料5）了解政府的政策對(duì)農(nóng)村發(fā)展和鄉(xiāng)村旅游的意見(jiàn)。</p>

54、<p><b>　　成效和建議</b></p><p>　　表1 土耳其鄉(xiāng)村旅游SWOT分析</p><p>　　與西方國(guó)家相比，作為新產(chǎn)品的鄉(xiāng)村旅游是在土耳其的推廣速度非常低。然而，近年來(lái)一直以來(lái)有一定數(shù)量的電視頻道關(guān)注農(nóng)村田園風(fēng)光，也關(guān)注土耳其的鄉(xiāng)村旅游。每個(gè)人都期望這些節(jié)目都對(duì)介紹農(nóng)村居民的生活方式，動(dòng)植物，歷史和農(nóng)村地區(qū)的文化價(jià)值觀(guān)給渴望看到不同

55、的地方、喜歡冒險(xiǎn)和生活在自然環(huán)境中的城市居民有重要作用。對(duì)一些頻道概況如下：從外交到本郡縣的厄舍克電視，讓我們的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)在澤烏瑪安納托利亞的海洋雜志。昨天，今天和TRT2先生和旅游度假的第八頻道，鄉(xiāng)愁指南的電視，在這里面我們還沒(méi)有看到和聽(tīng)到的明星。</p><p><b>　　總結(jié)</b></p><p>　　土耳其有強(qiáng)勁的旅游發(fā)展?jié)摿?。然而?0年代后半期，由于在土耳其

56、東南部的恐怖主義，鄉(xiāng)村旅游資源沒(méi)有用于土耳其較為不利地區(qū)的發(fā)展。因此，僅在黑海地區(qū)，地中海和愛(ài)琴海地區(qū)的農(nóng)村地區(qū)開(kāi)放給大眾，也是高原旅游活動(dòng)。20世紀(jì)末，土耳其政府消滅了恐怖主義活動(dòng)。他們預(yù)計(jì)從中期還是長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看參觀(guān)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的游客將會(huì)增加作為在短期內(nèi)與平行增加激勵(lì)數(shù)量，倡議和對(duì)農(nóng)村生活的投資的平衡。另一個(gè)在土耳其鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展的障礙是鄰國(guó)之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，因?yàn)橥炼涫亲湓谝粋€(gè)戰(zhàn)略要地（巴爾干，中東和中亞），在過(guò)去20年有許多戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)在這里發(fā)生的。&