外文翻譯--大型刮板輸送機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

1、<p><b>　　翻譯部分</b></p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　The present and future development of belt conveyer</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><

2、p>　　This paper analyzes the present and future development of domestic and overseas about belt conveyer，especially，heavy belt conveyer（include trend analysis of the belt conveyer and monitoring technology），equipment f

3、unction，reliability and life，expounds the developing trend of belt conveyer.</p><p>　　Key words：belt conveyer； present； future development</p><p>　　1 Belt conveyor technology, the status quo abr

4、oad </p><p>　　Conveyor technology abroad soon, and its mainly manifested in two aspects: on the one hand, the function of conveyor diversification, expansion of the scope of application, such as high angle c

5、onveyor, tube conveyor, space models such as turning conveyor; conveyor itself on the other hand, the technology and equipment has been tremendous development, especially long-distance, large capacity, high-speed large-s

6、cale conveyor belt has been become the main direction of development, the core technolo</p><p>　　(1) Large-scale equipment. The main technical parameters and equipment toward the large-scale development to m

7、eet the annual production capacity of 300 to more than 5,000,000 t of intensive high-yield production of high-performance needs. </p><p>　　(2) The application of dynamic analysis techniques, and mechanical a

8、nd electrical integration, computer monitoring Control, such as high-tech, using high-power soft-start and auto-tensioning technology, dynamic conveyor monitoring and control, greatly reduced the dynamic tension of the c

9、onveyor belt, equipment performance, and high transport efficiency. </p><p>　　(3) The use of multi-machine-driven and power-driven and middle-balance to the operation of conveyor technology changes, so that

10、run the length of a single conveyor has unlimited in theory, and to ensure that the common carrier system equipment, and interchangeability and reliability-driven unit. </p><p>　　(4) New, high reliability, t

11、he key technology components. Such as the CST, including include a variety of advanced high-power-driven devices and speed control devices, high-life high-speed roller, roller-type by itself devices with high-performance

12、 storage devices, the rapid shift from the tail and so on. FSW production such as the United Kingdom FSW1200 / (2 ~ 3) × 400 (600) face conveyor trough the introduction of a liquid or viscous differential frequency

13、converter, transport capacity of 3 00</p><p>　　Tab.1 The main technical parameters of belt conveyer in overseas</p><p>　　2 Domestic conveyor technology, the status quo </p><p>　　Chi

14、na's production of varieties of belt conveyor, type more. In the "Eighth Five-Year Plan" period, through the national one-stop "Nissan 10,000 tons fully mechanized mining equipment" project, the s

15、kill level of conveyor greatly improved coal mine with high-power, long-distance belt conveyor The key technology research and new product development have made great progress. Such as the long-distance belt conveyor inc

16、lination complete sets of equipment, high-yield high-performance scalable face co</p><p>　　Tab.2 The main technical parameters of belt conveyer in China</p><p>　　3 Conveyor technology gap betwee

17、n domestic and foreign </p><p>　　Large belt conveyor 3.1 key core technology gap</p><p>　　(1) Belt conveyor Dynamic Analysis and long-distance monitoring technology, the key to high-power convey

18、or technology is a dynamic design and monitoring, it is the constraints of large-scale conveyor core technology development. China's use of rigid conveyor theory analysis and to develop calculation methods and design

19、 specifications, design of a conveyor belt using a high safety factor (usually taken around n = 10), a difference of distance with the actual situation. Conveyor belt is in fact vi</p><p>　　(2) A reliable co

20、ntrolled soft-start power technology and mass balance of long-distance belt conveyor technology because of their large capacity, long distance and multi-machine-driven, soft-start approach must be used to reduce the dyna

21、mic tension of the conveyor, in particular, is a multi - when the motor drive. In order to reduce the impact on power grids, soft-start time should have a slow start; also start acceleration conveyor control 0.3 ~ 0.1 m/

22、s2, solution with carrying belt and the bel</p><p>　?。?）Technical performance gap</p><p>　　The main properties of our belt conveyor and parameters have been unable to meet the needs of high yiel

23、d and efficiency of mine, especially the retractable conveyor trough the key components and functions such as shifting from the tail, and the tension with high-performance storage devices, etc. have a big gap with foreig

24、n countries. </p><p>　　1) Face of China's installed power retractable conveyor trough the largest installed capacity of power 4 × 250 kW, up to foreign products 4 × 970 kW, installed power belt

25、 conveyor made about foreign products 30% ~ 40%, fixed conveyor greater difference between the installed power. </p><p>　　2)Transport capacity of China's largest capacity for belt conveyor 3000 t / h, re

26、ached abroad 5500 t / h. </p><p>　　3) The maximum width of our belt conveyor for the conveyor belt 1400mm, the largest overseas for 1830 mm. </p><p>　　4) With speed due to speed restrictions ent

27、rusted roller, conveyor belt speed for my 4 m / s, abroad for the 5 m / s and above. </p><p>　　5) Transport trough the length of face for China's 3000 m, abroad for the 7300 m. </p><p>　　6)

28、Since the move the tail with the high yield and efficiency of the emerging face, require scalable conveyor trough the tail with the face of rapid development and quickly moved since. Shift from domestic to rely largely o

29、n imports of the tail, there are two kinds: (a) reproduced with the movement of aircraft from the United Kingdom with company LONGWALL shift production from the tail device. (B) produced in Germany since DBT transfer tai

30、l device. There is only one fuel tank to promote the form</p><p>　　7) With high-performance storage devices and the tension with China's adoption of a closed reservoir structure and the main winch tensio

31、n, tension easily derailed car, conveyor belt deviation easy, flexible conveyor belt, the idler is not self-shift car, to be artificial over, overhaul trouble. The use of the structure of foreign advanced open storage wi

32、th high-precision devices and big torque, big trip automatically tensioning equipment, roller conveyor trolley with extendable automatically in </p><p>　　8) Conveyor type varieties less varieties, single fun

33、ction, the use of limited scope and can not give full play to their effectiveness, such as the expansion of transport, and transport materials or features such as two-way transport, so a multi-purpose machine; In additio

34、n, China's coal mines different geological conditions, in the arrangement of the transport system often involve some special requirements, such as bending, Large angle (> +25 °) until the vertical lifting and

35、 so on, should be t</p><p>　?。?）reliability, life expectancy gap </p><p>　　1) Conveyor belt tensile strength of the whole fabric of our core production of flame-retardant conveyor belt up to 250

36、0 N / mm, abroad for the 3150 N / mm. Steel cord conveyor belt flame retardant up to 4 000 N / mm, abroad for the 7000 N / mm.</p><p>　　2) Conveyor belt conveyor belt joint strength of our joint strength for

37、 mastering 50% ~ 65%, foreign master of the 70% ~ 75%. </p><p>　　3) Life idler rollers our existing technology and foreign compared to a shorter life-span, low speed, resistance, and the United States, such

38、as the use of a new type of oiling rollers, the running resistance of small, thin oil bearing lubrication, greatly enhance the life of the rollers, and used as a high-speed conveyor idler, the use of a wide range of sign

39、ificant economic benefits. China conveyor idler life of 20,000 h, life abroad roller 5 to 90,000 h, roller made products abroad, Life is o</p><p>　　4) Conveyor Reducer my life 20,000 h, reducer life abroad f

40、or the 70,000 h. </p><p>　　5) Running from top to bottom conveyor poor reliability. </p><p>　　(4) The gap control system </p><p>　　1) China's drive for variable speed hydraulic

41、coupling and the hard surface reducer, drive foreign variety, such as the BOSS system, CST and other controllable drive system, the higher the control accuracy. </p><p>　　2) Monitoring devices have been adop

42、ted abroad conveyor PLC high-end PLC, the development of advanced software and integrated power control technology and data relay believed, processing, storage, transmission, fault diagnosis and automatic queries, such a

43、s a complete monitoring system . China conveyor only a mid-range programmable logic controller to control the conveyor start-up, normal operation, the process of parking and so on. Although Kai and controlled (system) de

44、vice used to control Kai</p><p>　　3) Conveyor belt conveyor protection device abroad in addition to the installation of a conveyor belt to prevent deviation, slippery, tearing, cross over to plug, automatic

45、sprinkler protection devices, such as dust, in recent years developed a number of new monitoring devices: drive rollers, variable roller to the drum group and the temperature monitoring system; smoke alarm and automatic

46、fire extinguishing equipment; tear fibros it is and joints vertical conveyor belt monitoring system; proof </p><p>　　4 Coal technology development trend of belt conveyor</p><p>　　(1) Large-scale

47、 equipment and increase transport capacity in order to meet the high yield and efficiency of intensive production, conveyor to increase the transmission capacity. Long-distance, high belt speed, large capacity, high powe

48、r is the inevitable trend of future development as well as high yield and efficiency of mine the direction of development of transport technology. 10a in the future to increase throughput in the 3000 ~ 4000t / h, with sp

49、eed up to 4 ~ 6 m / s, the length of the conv</p><p>　　(2)Components to enhance performance and reliability of equipment開(kāi)機(jī)率high and low components depends primarily on the performance and reliability. In add

50、ition to further improve and enhance the existing components of the performance and reliability, but also continue to research and development of new technologies and components, such as controlled high-performance soft-

51、start technology, dynamic analysis and control technology, with high-performance storage devices, rapid self - tail shift, high-</p><p>　　(3)Expanded features, a machine to expand the use of transport, and t

52、ransport material or a two-way transport and other functions, a machine to do more to make it the most economical. The development of special-type conveyor, such as the curved belt conveyor, the inclination or vertical c

53、onveyor, such as upgrading.</p><p><b>　　中文譯文</b></p><p>　　大型刮板輸送機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外大型刮板輸送機(jī)的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展差距，特別是大型大型刮板輸送機(jī)的核心技術(shù)（包括

54、大型刮板輸送機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)分析與監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)、可控軟起動(dòng)技術(shù)與功率均衡技術(shù)）、設(shè)備性能及其可靠性、壽命等，論述了大型刮板輸送機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞:大型刮板輸送機(jī)；現(xiàn)狀；發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　1國(guó)外大型刮板輸送機(jī)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　國(guó)外大型刮板輸送機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展很快，其主要表現(xiàn)在2個(gè)方面:一方面是大型刮板輸送機(jī)的功能多元化、應(yīng)用范圍擴(kuò)大

55、化，如高傾角大型刮板輸送機(jī)、管狀大型刮板輸送機(jī)、空間轉(zhuǎn)彎大型刮板輸送機(jī)等各種機(jī)型；另一方面是大型刮板輸送機(jī)本身的技術(shù)與裝備有了巨大的發(fā)展，尤其是長(zhǎng)距離、大運(yùn)量、高帶速等大型大型刮板輸送機(jī)已成為發(fā)展的主要方向，其核心技術(shù)是開(kāi)發(fā)應(yīng)用了大型刮板輸送機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)分析與監(jiān)控技術(shù)，提高了大型刮板輸送機(jī)的運(yùn)行性能和可靠性。目前，在煤礦井下使用的大型刮板輸送機(jī)已達(dá)到表1所示的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)，其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與裝備有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):</p><p&g

56、t;　?。?）設(shè)備大型化。其主要技術(shù)參數(shù)與裝備均向著大型化發(fā)展，以滿足年產(chǎn)300～500萬(wàn)t以上高產(chǎn)高效集約化生產(chǎn)的需要。</p><p>　?。?）應(yīng)用動(dòng)態(tài)分析技術(shù)和機(jī)電一體化、計(jì)算機(jī)監(jiān)控等高新技術(shù)，采用大功率軟起動(dòng)與自動(dòng)張緊技術(shù)，對(duì)輸送機(jī)進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)與監(jiān)控，大大地降低了輸送帶的動(dòng)張力，設(shè)備運(yùn)行性能好，運(yùn)輸效率高。</p><p>　?。?）采用多機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)與中間驅(qū)動(dòng)及其功率平衡、輸送機(jī)變向

57、運(yùn)行等技術(shù)，使輸送機(jī)單機(jī)運(yùn)行長(zhǎng)度在理論上已不受限制，并確保了輸送系統(tǒng)設(shè)備的通用性、互換性及其單元驅(qū)動(dòng)的可靠性。</p><p>　?。?）新型、高可靠性關(guān)鍵元部件技術(shù)。如包含CST等在內(nèi)的各種先進(jìn)的大功率驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置與調(diào)速裝置、高壽命高速托輥、自清式滾筒裝置、高效貯帶裝置、快速自移機(jī)尾等。如英國(guó)FSW生產(chǎn)的FSW1200/（2～3）×400（600）工作面順槽大型刮板輸送機(jī)就采用了液粘差速或變頻調(diào)速裝置，運(yùn)

58、輸能力達(dá)3000 t/h以上，它的機(jī)尾與新型轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)（如美國(guó)久益公司生產(chǎn)的S500E）配套，可隨工作面推移而自動(dòng)快速自移、人工作業(yè)少、生產(chǎn)效率高。</p><p>　　表1 國(guó)外大型刮板輸送機(jī)的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)</p><p>　　2國(guó)內(nèi)大型刮板輸送機(jī)技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　我國(guó)生產(chǎn)制造的大型刮板輸送機(jī)的品種、類型較多。在“八五”期間，通過(guò)國(guó)家一條龍“日產(chǎn)萬(wàn)噸綜采

59、設(shè)備”項(xiàng)目的實(shí)施，大型刮板輸送機(jī)的技術(shù)水平有了很大提高，煤礦井下用大功率、長(zhǎng)距離大型刮板輸送機(jī)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究和新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)都取得了很大的進(jìn)步。如大傾角長(zhǎng)距離大型刮板輸送機(jī)成套設(shè)備、高產(chǎn)高效工作面順槽大型刮板輸送機(jī)等均填補(bǔ)了國(guó)內(nèi)空白，并對(duì)大型刮板輸送機(jī)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及其主要元部件進(jìn)行了理論研究和產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)，研制成功了多種軟起動(dòng)和制動(dòng)裝置以及以PLC為核心的可編程電控裝置，驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)采用調(diào)速型液力偶合器和行星齒輪減速器。目前，我國(guó)煤礦井下用大型刮板輸

60、送機(jī)的主要技術(shù)特征指標(biāo)如表2所示。</p><p>　　表2 國(guó)外大型刮板輸送機(jī)的主要技術(shù)指標(biāo)</p><p>　　3國(guó)內(nèi)外大型刮板輸送機(jī)技術(shù)的差距</p><p>　　3.1大型大型刮板輸送機(jī)的關(guān)鍵核心技術(shù)上的差距</p><p>　?。?）大型刮板輸送機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)分析與監(jiān)測(cè)技術(shù)　長(zhǎng)距離、大功率大型刮板輸送機(jī)的技術(shù)關(guān)鍵是動(dòng)態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)與監(jiān)測(cè)，它是制約大

61、型大型刮板輸送機(jī)發(fā)展的核心技術(shù)。目前我國(guó)用剛性理論來(lái)分析研究大型刮板輸送機(jī)并制訂計(jì)算方法和設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范，設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)輸送帶使用了很高的安全系數(shù)（一般取n=10左右），與實(shí)際情況相差較遠(yuǎn)。實(shí)際上輸送帶是粘彈性體，長(zhǎng)距離大型刮板輸送機(jī)其輸送帶對(duì)驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置的起、制動(dòng)力的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)是一個(gè)非常復(fù)雜的過(guò)程，而不能簡(jiǎn)單地用剛體力學(xué)來(lái)解釋和計(jì)算。已開(kāi)發(fā)了大型刮板輸送機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)設(shè)計(jì)方法和應(yīng)用軟件，在大型輸送機(jī)上對(duì)輸送機(jī)的動(dòng)張力進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)分析與動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)，降低輸送帶的安全系數(shù)

62、，大大延長(zhǎng)使用壽命，確保了輸送機(jī)運(yùn)行的可靠性，從而使大型大型刮板輸送機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)達(dá)到了最高水平（輸送帶安全系數(shù)n=5～6），并使輸送機(jī)的設(shè)備成本尤其是輸送帶成本大為降低。</p><p>　?。?）可靠的可控軟起動(dòng)技術(shù)與功率均衡技術(shù)　長(zhǎng)距離大運(yùn)量大型刮板輸送機(jī)由于功率大、距離長(zhǎng)且多機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)，必須采用軟起動(dòng)方式來(lái)降低輸送機(jī)的動(dòng)張力，特別是多電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)。為了減少對(duì)電網(wǎng)的沖擊，軟起動(dòng)時(shí)應(yīng)有分時(shí)慢速起動(dòng)；還要控制輸送機(jī)起動(dòng)加速

63、度0.3～0.1 m/s2，解決承載帶與驅(qū)動(dòng)帶的帶速同步問(wèn)題及輸送帶涌浪現(xiàn)象，減少對(duì)元部件的沖擊。由于制造誤差及電機(jī)特性誤差，各驅(qū)動(dòng)點(diǎn)的功率會(huì)出現(xiàn)不均衡，一旦某個(gè)電機(jī)功率過(guò)大將會(huì)引起燒電機(jī)事故，因此，各電機(jī)之間的功率平衡應(yīng)加以控制，并提高平衡精度。國(guó)內(nèi)已大量應(yīng)用調(diào)速型液力偶合器來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)輸送機(jī)的軟起動(dòng)與功率平衡，解決了長(zhǎng)距離大型刮板輸送機(jī)的起動(dòng)與功率平衡及同步性問(wèn)題。但其調(diào)節(jié)精度及可靠性與國(guó)外相比還有一定差距。此外，長(zhǎng)距離大功率大型刮板輸送

64、機(jī)除了要求一個(gè)運(yùn)煤帶速外，還需要一個(gè)驗(yàn)帶的帶速，調(diào)速型液力偶合器雖然實(shí)現(xiàn)軟啟動(dòng)與功率平衡，但還需研制適合長(zhǎng)距離的無(wú)級(jí)液力調(diào)速裝置。當(dāng)單機(jī)功率>500 kW時(shí)，可控CST軟起動(dòng)顯示出優(yōu)越性。由于可控軟起動(dòng)是將行星齒輪減速器的內(nèi)齒圈與濕式摩擦離合器組合而成（即粘性傳動(dòng)）。通過(guò)比例閥及控制系統(tǒng)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)軟起動(dòng)與功率平衡，其調(diào)節(jié)精度可達(dá)98%</p><p>　　3.2技術(shù)性能上差距</p><p&

65、gt;　　我國(guó)大型刮板輸送機(jī)的主要性能與參數(shù)已不能滿足高產(chǎn)高效礦井的需要，尤其是順槽大型刮板輸送機(jī)的關(guān)鍵元部件及其功能如自移機(jī)尾、高效儲(chǔ)帶與張緊裝置等與國(guó)外有著很大差距。</p><p>　?。?）裝機(jī)功率　我國(guó)工作面順槽大型刮板輸送機(jī)最大裝機(jī)功率為4×250 kW，國(guó)外產(chǎn)品可達(dá)4×970 kW，國(guó)產(chǎn)大型刮板輸送機(jī)的裝機(jī)功率約為國(guó)外產(chǎn)品的30%～40%，固定大型刮板輸送機(jī)的裝機(jī)功率相差更大。&

66、lt;/p><p>　?。?）運(yùn)輸能力　我國(guó)大型刮板輸送機(jī)最大運(yùn)量為3000 t/h，國(guó)外已達(dá)5500 t/h。</p><p>　　（3）最大輸送帶寬度　我國(guó)大型刮板輸送機(jī)為1400mm，國(guó)外最大為1830 mm。</p><p>　?。?）帶速由于受托輥轉(zhuǎn)速的限制，我國(guó)大型刮板輸送機(jī)帶速為4 m/s，國(guó)外為5 m/s以上。</p><p>　

67、?。?）工作面順槽運(yùn)輸長(zhǎng)度我國(guó)為3000m，國(guó)外為7300m。</p><p>　?。?）自移機(jī)尾　隨著高產(chǎn)高效工作面的不斷出現(xiàn)，要求順槽大型刮板輸送機(jī)機(jī)尾隨著工作面的快速推進(jìn)而快速自移。國(guó)內(nèi)自移機(jī)尾主要依賴進(jìn)口，主要有2種:（a）隨轉(zhuǎn)載機(jī)一起移動(dòng)的由英國(guó)LONGWALL公司生產(chǎn)的自移機(jī)尾裝置。（b）德國(guó)DBT公司生產(chǎn)的自移機(jī)尾裝置。前者只有一個(gè)推進(jìn)油缸，后者則有2個(gè)推進(jìn)油缸。LONGWALL公司生產(chǎn)的自移機(jī)尾用

68、于在國(guó)內(nèi)帶寬1.2 m的輸送機(jī)上，缺點(diǎn)是自移機(jī)尾輸送帶的跑偏量太小，糾偏能力弱，剛性差。德國(guó)生產(chǎn)的自移機(jī)尾在國(guó)內(nèi)使用效果優(yōu)于前者，水平、垂直2個(gè)方向均有調(diào)偏油缸，糾偏能力強(qiáng)。因此，前者還需完善，后者則需研制。但對(duì)自移機(jī)尾的要求是共同的，既要滿足輸送機(jī)正常工作時(shí)防滑的要求，又要滿足在輸送機(jī)不停機(jī)的情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)快速自移。</p><p>　　（7）高效儲(chǔ)帶與張緊裝置　我國(guó)采用封閉式儲(chǔ)帶結(jié)構(gòu)和絞車張緊為主，張緊小車易脫軌

69、，輸送帶易跑偏，輸送帶伸縮時(shí)，托輥小車不自移，需人工推移，檢修麻煩。國(guó)外采用結(jié)構(gòu)先進(jìn)的開(kāi)放式儲(chǔ)帶裝置和高精度的大扭矩、大行程自動(dòng)張緊設(shè)備，托輥小車能自動(dòng)隨輸送帶伸縮到位。輸送帶不易跑偏，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)脫軌現(xiàn)象。</p><p>　?。?）輸送機(jī)品種　機(jī)型品種少，功能單一，使用范圍受限，不能充分發(fā)揮其效能，如拓展運(yùn)人、運(yùn)料或雙向運(yùn)輸?shù)裙δ?，做到一機(jī)多用；另外，我國(guó)煤礦的地質(zhì)條件差異很大，在運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的布置上經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些特

70、殊要求，如彎曲、大傾角（>+25°）直至垂直提升等，應(yīng)開(kāi)發(fā)特殊型專用機(jī)種大型刮板輸送機(jī)。</p><p>　　3.3可靠性、壽命上的差距</p><p>　?。?）輸送帶抗拉強(qiáng)度　我國(guó)生產(chǎn)的織物整芯阻燃輸送帶最高為2500 N/mm，國(guó)外為3150 N/mm。鋼絲繩芯阻燃輸送帶最高為4 000 N/mm，國(guó)外為7000 N/mm。</p><p>　

71、?。?）輸送帶接頭強(qiáng)度　我國(guó)輸送帶接頭強(qiáng)度為母帶的50%～65%，國(guó)外達(dá)母帶的70%～75%。</p><p>　?。?）托輥壽命　我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的托輥技術(shù)與國(guó)外比較，壽命短、速度低、阻力大，而美國(guó)等使用的新型注油托輥，其運(yùn)行阻力小，軸承采用稀油潤(rùn)滑，大大地提高了托輥的使用壽命，并可作為高速托輥應(yīng)用于大型刮板輸送機(jī)上，使用面廣，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著。我國(guó)輸送機(jī)托輥壽命為2萬(wàn)h，國(guó)外托輥壽命5～9萬(wàn)h，國(guó)產(chǎn)托輥壽命僅為國(guó)外產(chǎn)品的

72、30%～40%。</p><p>　?。?）輸送機(jī)減速器壽命　我國(guó)輸送機(jī)減速器壽命2萬(wàn)h，國(guó)外減速器壽命為7萬(wàn)h。</p><p>　?。?）大型刮板輸送機(jī)上下運(yùn)行時(shí)可靠性差。</p><p>　　3.4控制系統(tǒng)上差距</p><p>　　（1）驅(qū)動(dòng)方式　我國(guó)為調(diào)速型液力偶合器和硬齒面減速器，國(guó)外傳動(dòng)方式多樣，如BOSS系統(tǒng)、CST可控傳動(dòng)系

73、統(tǒng)等，控制精度較高。</p><p>　?。?）監(jiān)控裝置　國(guó)外輸送機(jī)已采用高檔可編程序控制器PLC，開(kāi)發(fā)了先進(jìn)的程序軟件與綜合電源繼電器控制技術(shù)以及數(shù)據(jù)采信、處理、存儲(chǔ)、傳輸、故障診斷與查詢等完整自動(dòng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。我國(guó)輸送機(jī)僅采用了中檔可編程序控制器來(lái)控制輸送機(jī)的啟動(dòng)、正常運(yùn)行、停機(jī)等工作過(guò)程。雖然能與可控啟（制）動(dòng)裝置配合使用，達(dá)到可控啟（制）動(dòng)、帶速同步、功率平衡等功能，但沒(méi)有自動(dòng)臨近裝置，沒(méi)有故障診斷與查詢等。

74、</p><p>　　（3）輸送機(jī)保護(hù)裝置　國(guó)外大型刮板輸送機(jī)除安裝防止輸送帶跑偏、打滑、撕裂、過(guò)滿堵塞、自動(dòng)灑水降塵等保護(hù)裝置外，近年又開(kāi)發(fā)了很多新型監(jiān)測(cè)裝置:傳動(dòng)滾筒、變向滾筒及托輥組的溫度監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)；煙霧報(bào)警及自動(dòng)消防滅火裝置；纖維織輸送帶縱向撕裂及接頭監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)；防爆電子輸送帶秤自動(dòng)計(jì)量系統(tǒng)。這些新型保護(hù)系統(tǒng)我國(guó)基本處于空白。而我國(guó)現(xiàn)有的打滑、堆煤、溜煤眼滿倉(cāng)保護(hù)，防跑偏、超溫灑水，煙霧報(bào)警裝置的可靠性、靈敏

75、性、壽命都較低。</p><p>　　4煤礦大型刮板輸送機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)</p><p>　?。?）設(shè)備大型化、提高運(yùn)輸能力為了適應(yīng)高產(chǎn)高效集約化生產(chǎn)的需要，大型刮板輸送機(jī)的輸送能力要加大。長(zhǎng)距離、高帶速、大運(yùn)量、大功率是今后發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)，也是高產(chǎn)高效礦井運(yùn)輸技術(shù)的發(fā)展方向。在今后的10a內(nèi)輸送量要提高到3000～4000t/h，帶速提高至4～6 m/s，輸送長(zhǎng)度對(duì)于大型刮板輸送機(jī)要達(dá)到

76、3000 m。對(duì)于鋼繩芯強(qiáng)力大型刮板輸送機(jī)需加長(zhǎng)至5000 m以上，單機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)功率要達(dá)到1 000～1500 kW，輸送帶抗拉強(qiáng)度達(dá)到6000 N/mm（鋼繩芯）和2500 N/mm（整芯）。尤其是煤礦井下順槽輸送技術(shù)的發(fā)展，隨著高產(chǎn)高效工作面的出現(xiàn)及煤炭科技的不斷發(fā)展，原有的大型刮板輸送機(jī)，無(wú)論是主參數(shù)，還是運(yùn)行性能都難以適應(yīng)高產(chǎn)高效工作面的要求，煤礦現(xiàn)場(chǎng)急需主參數(shù)更大、技術(shù)更先進(jìn)、性能更可靠的長(zhǎng)距離、大運(yùn)量、大功率順槽大型刮板輸送機(jī)，

77、以提升我國(guó)大型刮板輸送機(jī)技術(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)水平，填補(bǔ)國(guó)內(nèi)空白，接近并趕上國(guó)際先進(jìn)工業(yè)國(guó)的技術(shù)水平。其包含7個(gè)方面的關(guān)鍵技術(shù):（1）大型刮板輸送機(jī)動(dòng)態(tài)分析與監(jiān)控技術(shù)； （2）軟起動(dòng)與功率平衡技術(shù)；（3）中間驅(qū)動(dòng)技術(shù)；（4）自動(dòng)張緊技術(shù)；（5）新型高壽命高速托輥技術(shù)；（6）</p><p>　?。?）提高元部件性能和可靠性設(shè)備開(kāi)機(jī)率的高與低主要取決于元部件的性能和可靠性。除了進(jìn)一步完善和提高現(xiàn)有元部件的性能和可靠性，還要不斷