計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)外文翻譯--未來的數(shù)據(jù)采集“云計(jì)算”將替代傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀？

1、<p><b>　　中文2600字</b></p><p>　　The Future of Data Acquisition: Will the Internet's Cloud-Computing Replace the Data Logger?</p><p>　　Electronic data loggers have been integra

2、l in data collection since their inception with widespread adoption beginning in the early 1980’s. Data loggers are used in a variety of industries and applications including remote water resource monitoring, w

3、eather condition monitoring, machine monitoring, gas and oil projects.</p><p>　　A data logger’s primary purpose is to automatically collect data points from sensors and make these data points available for r

4、eview, analysis, and decision making processes. Many data loggers can also be programmed for other purposes, such as alarm and control conditions.</p><p>　　The microprocessor-based data logger was a revoluti

5、onary data acquisition tool that replaced most of the historical mechanical-based paper chart and punch tape recorders, which required either manual data input from the charts or scanned data using special equipment that

6、 could create a digital file from the paper record.</p><p>　　The data acquisition industry may be at the beginning of another revolutionary data acquisition change with the advancements of the Internet’s Clo

7、ud Computing.</p><p>　　The Microprocessor Revolution: Data Logging Goes Digital</p><p>　　The computer microprocessor revolution in the 1980’s advanced the efficiency, quality, and quantity of re

8、corded data. Monitoring locations could be set up and left alone for extended periods of time. Telemetry (radio) systems at the monitoring location enabled transmission of data directly from the data logger back to a cen

9、tral location, where the data could be evaluated and analyzed.</p><p>　　Data loggers with many different features and benefits are available and programmable to meet users’ specific data acquisition applicat

10、ion. However, the physical data logger still needs routine maintenance and has a risk of failure resulting in lost data. Like other technology, the rapid advancement in microprocessor technology can make a new data logge

11、r designs obsolete in a short period of time.</p><p>　　Data output formats from data loggers are not standardized, which often necessitates a centralized network software program for collection, decoding and

12、 processing of the data. Data presented on-line via the Internet typically requires another software program designed to integrate with the data collection software program. These two programs are typically owned and mai

13、ntained by the owner of the data acquisition system.</p><p>　　A data acquisition management revolution is emerging, with the movement of software programs from a personal computer or business network systems

14、 to the Internet, and integrating such software with other web services. This movement is reducing the demand on individual networks hosting and maintaining software programs, and is poised to potentially revolutionize t

15、he current data logging and acquisition model.</p><p>　　Two factors are currently converging that could make this revolution possible: 1.) the expansion of connections to the Internet from anywhere, and 2.)

16、the distributed computing power of the Internet that is being made available to users though easy-to-use web services (known as “Cloud Computing”).</p><p>　　With this, the Internet has the potential to chang

17、e data logging process the same way the microprocessor revolution did in the 1980s.</p><p>　　Introduction to Cloud Computing on the Internet</p><p>　　“Cloud computing” is a relatively new term,

18、but the concept has been a long-held vision of Internet application developers. Now this vision is a reality and is rapidly growing in terms of availability and acceptance. Embracing the concept of cloud computing is a p

19、aradigm shift on how software is accessed and where relevant data is collected, stored, and processed.</p><p>　　Broken down to its simplest form, the Internet is simply a network of computers (called servers

20、) that are accessed to store vast amounts of data and display such data in web sites, send and receive email, share photos, distribute movies, music, games, and any other on-line activities.</p><p>　　Cloud c

21、omputing is the concept of moving the localized computer processing, programs, and data to an Internet server for easier and more secure access. An analogy is every home and business having its own localized electric pow

22、er generation plant versus a remote, centralized power generation plant that services multiple homes and business. Today, the power plants are the remote server farms and the transmission and distribution of data are the

23、 power lines. The trend is towards purchasing a data </p><p>　　Benefits of cloud computing include real-time access of information, scalability of processing power as the demand load increases, less risk of

24、down-time compared to localized networks, and direct interaction with other web services – thereby enhancing the quality and relevance of the information for better informed decision making.</p><p>　　Softwar

25、e can be written to run “on the cloud” in much the same way as Microsoft Office runs its MS Office applications on a personal computer or localized network server. Rather than running the software locally, the software a

26、nd related data files are stored on a remote server accessible on the Internet. Many large companies run cloud computing services, such as Amazon’s S3 service, Google’s App Engine, and Microsoft’s Windows Azure platform.

27、</p><p>　　Putting the Data Logger Online</p><p>　　A data logger operates in a similar way to a computer in that a software program (known as embedded firmware) is stored on the data logger that

28、controls the logger’s processes – some of which are defined by the user, such as the logging intervals from connected sensors. The data logger also has a data storage device similar to a computer, using FLASH memory to s

29、tore files. This set of hardware and software work in tandem to collect and store data, control other instruments, and transmit data if </p><p>　　A typical data acquisition application includes sensors conne

30、cted or integrated with a data logging instrument at each physical location (See Figure 1). A telemetry modem (radio) is often connected to the data logger for wireless communication of the sensor data to a cen

31、tral office location. The central office location communicates with the data logger from the remote locations using a data management software program. Internet access is typically provided from a separate customized pro

32、gram that</p><p>　　Figure 1. Flow of Data in a traditional example data acquisition system</p><p>　　Today, a revolutionary change for data acquisition applications is available for those data co

33、llection sites that have Internet access (See Figure 2). The need for a localized data logging instrument and separate centralized data management software program is no longer required.</p><p>　　Figure 2. F

34、low of data using the concept of cloud computing</p><p>　　Instead, the user simply integrates the sensors directly to an IP (Internet Protocol) addressable telemetry modem for direct connectivity t

35、o the Internet program. The Internet software program placed on a remote server is programmed to communicate directly with the remote modem and pull each sensor’s data. Data buffers can be included in the IP addressable

36、modem for missed connections with the Internet Server. This works well with serial addressed digital sensors (such as RS485 or SDI-12), but i</p><p>　　The software program residing on the Internet cloud func

37、tions as a virtual data logger and can be programmed to execute multiple user-defined routines and utilize other web services for enhanced data analysis, reporting, notifications and control not possible with a typical d

38、ata logging instrument.</p><p>　　Figure 3. An overview of how data from remote monitoring stations </p><p>　　can be accessed from any computer or mobile device with access to the internet, </

39、p><p>　　by taking advantage of a virtual logging platform hosted on the cloud.</p><p>　　Cloud-based data collection and display services are now being offered by companies such as Stevens Water Mon

40、itoring System’s “Stevens-Connect” service that replaces the data acquisition and processing firmware of a data logger with an on-line software service that collects, processes, and stores data from multiple lo

41、cations. In addition, custom routines, configuration, relationship analysis, control, and reporting can easily be managed with this on-line data collection service. This can be thou</p><p>　　Benefits of an I

42、nternet-based/cloud computing data collection system:</p><p>　　Logged data is backed up on a regular basis within a highly secured server and facility.</p><p>　　Access to the data is an integral

43、 element of cloud computing and no separate data management program, process or routine needs to be purchased, programmed, maintained, and upgraded periodically.</p><p>　　Real-time, advanced data analysis is

44、 a key benefit to moving data acquisition and storage to the Internet cloud resulting from the enhanced processing power of Internet servers and the integration of other web service. Charts and graphs can include relatio

45、nship information from other data collection web sites. Advance mathematical or scientific analysis can be programmed that include data variables from multiple web sites. Images from remote sites and other locations can

46、be incorporated into the</p><p>　　No replacement hardware or individual updates of data logging instruments are necessary because software updates are easily rolled out to the end-user. Accordingly, the clou

47、d-based data collection software is automatically provided with the latest software updates and features as they are released.</p><p>　　The benefits and features of “virtual data logging” are poised to revol

48、utionize the future of the data acquisition industry similar to the revolution from mechanical based date acquisition to microprocessor based data loggers in the 1980s.</p><p>　　As the Internet continues to

49、expand and become available wirelessly to more locations, users can expect to see additional web-based services offered that make the acquisition of remote data online a simple solution, providing real-time access to cri

50、tical data for businesses and organizations in many industries.</p><p>　　From: http://www.stevenswater.com/articles/future_of_datalogging.aspx</p><p>　　未來的數(shù)據(jù)采集：“云計(jì)算”將替代傳統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀？</p><p&

51、gt;　　20世紀(jì)80年代以來，在數(shù)據(jù)采集方面數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀被廣泛采用于遙測水資源、大氣環(huán)境、機(jī)器檢測、天然氣、石油等項(xiàng)目。</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀的主要目的是自動(dòng)采集傳感器數(shù)據(jù)，每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀也叫數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，這些數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)具有審查、分析和處理功能，許多記錄儀也可以用作報(bào)警器、控制器等。</p><p>　　基于微處理器的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀是一個(gè)革命性的數(shù)據(jù)采集工具，它取代了傳統(tǒng)的以文件、圖標(biāo)、磁

52、帶等記錄方式，只需要從圖表、數(shù)據(jù)中以掃描或者手動(dòng)輸入、特殊錄入設(shè)備的方式，可以創(chuàng)建一個(gè)文件化的記錄方式，將所有信息以數(shù)字的方式存儲。</p><p>　　由于“云計(jì)算”與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的融合發(fā)展，數(shù)據(jù)采集行業(yè)可能有遇到了一次革命性的變化。</p><p>　　走向數(shù)字微處理器革命：數(shù)據(jù)記錄</p><p>　　在1980年，計(jì)算機(jī)微處理器革命帶來了效率、質(zhì)量、數(shù)量以及記錄數(shù)

53、據(jù)上的突破。監(jiān)測地點(diǎn)可長時(shí)間孤立運(yùn)行。遙測系統(tǒng)可以在檢測位置遠(yuǎn)程啟動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)，將從數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀中記錄的數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到服務(wù)器，這樣就可以進(jìn)一步的評估、分析數(shù)據(jù)。</p><p>　　有很多具有不同特點(diǎn)、不同優(yōu)勢、可編程的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀，來滿足用戶的特定的數(shù)據(jù)采集應(yīng)用。然而，物理數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀仍然需要日常維護(hù)，其采集到的數(shù)據(jù)有可能會(huì)因?yàn)楣食６鴣G失。在微處理技術(shù)飛速進(jìn)步現(xiàn)在，這種孤立的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀已基本被時(shí)代所淘汰。</p>

54、;<p>　　數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀的數(shù)據(jù)沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)范，往往需要一個(gè)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)來收集、解碼和處理數(shù)據(jù)的軟件程序。通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將其他軟件與數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件整合。這兩項(xiàng)計(jì)劃通常擁有維護(hù)數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的管理員。</p><p>　　一個(gè)新的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)革命正在興起，隨著移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將電腦、人或者網(wǎng)絡(luò)軟件、網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)整合成一個(gè)大的環(huán)境，這個(gè)革命是減少對個(gè)人網(wǎng)絡(luò)的依賴，而且便于維護(hù)軟件程序，將可能徹底改變目前的數(shù)據(jù)記錄和數(shù)據(jù)獲取模式

55、。</p><p>　　這兩個(gè)因素的存在使得這場革命成為可能。</p><p>　　任何時(shí)間任何地點(diǎn)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接</p><p>　　互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的分布式計(jì)算能力正在提供給用戶便于使用的網(wǎng)站服務(wù)（云計(jì)算）</p><p>　　互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有可能像20世紀(jì)80年代微處理器革命那樣改變數(shù)據(jù)記錄過程。</p><p>　　“云計(jì)算”在互聯(lián)

56、網(wǎng)上</p><p>　　“云計(jì)算”是一個(gè)比較新的名詞，但這個(gè)概念已經(jīng)成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)引用開發(fā)商所期望的目標(biāo)?，F(xiàn)在這個(gè)目標(biāo)已經(jīng)有了實(shí)現(xiàn)的基，擁抱“云計(jì)算”將促使軟件開發(fā)和數(shù)據(jù)的收集、存儲、以及數(shù)據(jù)處理模式的轉(zhuǎn)變。</p><p>　　簡單來說，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)僅僅是一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它能夠存儲大量的數(shù)據(jù)，例如郵件、照片、電影、音樂、游戲以及任何的線上活動(dòng)，這些數(shù)據(jù)組成了現(xiàn)在的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。</p>

57、<p>　　“云計(jì)算”是將原本基于本地計(jì)算機(jī)運(yùn)行的程序、數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)移到一個(gè)更快捷、更安全并容易訪問的因特網(wǎng)服務(wù)器中。例如：每個(gè)家庭和企業(yè)都有一個(gè)屬于自己的本地發(fā)電廠，而“云計(jì)算”就是將所有的本地發(fā)電廠集中起來。今天，遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器將為我們提供更加強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)硬件和軟件環(huán)境，用戶只需要按計(jì)劃購買服務(wù)即可。</p><p>　　“云計(jì)算”的特點(diǎn)包括實(shí)時(shí)獲取信息、性能負(fù)載均衡、可擴(kuò)展性增強(qiáng)，減少停機(jī)時(shí)間風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，能夠提供

58、與他其WEB服務(wù)互動(dòng)，從而提高信息的質(zhì)量與仙姑感性，為用戶提供更完善的信息。</p><p>　　“云”軟件的編寫與本地軟件的編寫方式大致相同，如Microsoft Office，MS Office等運(yùn)行在個(gè)人PC上或者企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上很相似。軟件將不再本地運(yùn)行，軟件的本體和數(shù)據(jù)文件存儲在遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器上，通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行訪問。很多大公司已經(jīng)開始了“云計(jì)算”服務(wù)，如Amazon的S3服務(wù)、谷歌的App Engine、微軟的W

59、indows Azure平臺。</p><p>　　將數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀與網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀類似的方式到計(jì)算機(jī)在這一軟件程序（嵌入式平臺）時(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀控制，記錄數(shù)據(jù)的存儲過程。其中一些例如，用戶連接的日志記錄、定義傳感器等。數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀類似一臺電腦，使用閃存來存儲文件數(shù)據(jù)。如果記錄儀是連接到一個(gè)遙測無線電設(shè)備的硬件和軟件，那么這套收集、存儲數(shù)據(jù)的串行設(shè)備，具有控制其他文件、數(shù)

60、據(jù)傳輸?shù)裙δ堋?lt;/p><p>　　一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集應(yīng)用程序，包括在每個(gè)物理位置連接或集成于數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀相關(guān)的傳感器（圖1）。傳感器數(shù)據(jù)到中央處理中心采用無線電通信，遙測調(diào)制解調(diào)器（電臺）通常被連接到數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀。中央處理中心與數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀使用數(shù)據(jù)管理軟件進(jìn)行連接。單獨(dú)制定一個(gè)Internet接入方案，集成數(shù)據(jù)管理功能。</p><p>　　圖1 一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)流</p&g

61、t;<p>　　今天，數(shù)據(jù)采集應(yīng)用的革命性變化是這些數(shù)據(jù)的收集節(jié)點(diǎn)具有internet網(wǎng)接入的功能（圖2）。不再需要本地化數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀和獨(dú)立的集中是數(shù)據(jù)處理中心。</p><p>　　圖2 流動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)使用“云計(jì)算”的方式</p><p>　　用戶只需要一個(gè)能夠連接Internet網(wǎng)的IP地址，就可以遠(yuǎn)程連接到集成了傳感器的網(wǎng)絡(luò)上。放在遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器上的軟件程序與遠(yuǎn)程調(diào)制解調(diào)器直接溝通

62、，獲取各傳感器數(shù)據(jù)，數(shù)據(jù)緩沖區(qū)可以包含所有與internet網(wǎng)連接的具有IP地址的調(diào)制解調(diào)器。這是一種行之有效的串行處理傳感器（如RS485或SDI-12），但更多的是模擬傳感器。這將是這次革命的趨勢。</p><p>　　該軟件程序駐留在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)“云”上，作為一個(gè)虛擬數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀的功能，并可以通過編程來執(zhí)行多個(gè)用戶定義的程序，可利用其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)，增強(qiáng)數(shù)據(jù)分析、報(bào)告、通知和控制。這些不是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀所能完成的

63、。</p><p>　　圖3 云托管平臺示意圖</p><p>　　基于云的數(shù)據(jù)采集和查詢服務(wù)是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)可以使用，例如史蒂文斯水監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)的“史蒂文斯連接”在線服務(wù)，集成了收集、傳送、數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理的固件，可從多個(gè)位置讀取數(shù)據(jù)。此外，可以很容易地進(jìn)行自定義管理、配置、關(guān)系分析、控制、報(bào)告等數(shù)據(jù)收集服務(wù)。這可以被看作是一個(gè)虛擬的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)系統(tǒng)具有與傳統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀一樣的功能，但是

64、確實(shí)在“云”上運(yùn)行的在線軟件。</p><p>　　“云計(jì)算”數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)存儲在一個(gè)高度安全的服務(wù)器中，并定時(shí)對所記錄的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行備份。</p><p>　　對數(shù)據(jù)的訪問均屬于“云計(jì)算”的組成部分，沒有單獨(dú)的數(shù)據(jù)管理程序，所需的管理需要購買，系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行定期的維護(hù)、升級。</p><p>　　具有實(shí)時(shí)和先進(jìn)的數(shù)據(jù)分

65、析功能，移動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)采集和基于云的數(shù)據(jù)存儲可以加強(qiáng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)器的處理能力為用戶提供更好的Web服務(wù)?？梢酝ㄟ^圖表和圖形的方式提供網(wǎng)站信息?？梢詫⒍鄠€(gè)網(wǎng)站的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行編程，加強(qiáng)對數(shù)據(jù)、科學(xué)的分析。遠(yuǎn)程站點(diǎn)和其他地點(diǎn)的圖像等都可以進(jìn)行分析。</p><p>　　數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀的硬件沒有更新或者替換的必要，軟件通過更新可以很容易完成用戶的需求，因此，基于“云”的數(shù)據(jù)采集軟件具有自動(dòng)更新軟件的特點(diǎn)。</p><

66、p>　　“虛擬數(shù)據(jù)記錄”的好處和功能承載慢慢替代傳統(tǒng)的機(jī)械數(shù)據(jù)采集，以微處理器為基礎(chǔ)的數(shù)據(jù)記錄儀器在20世界80年代的革命類似的數(shù)據(jù)采集是行業(yè)的未來。</p><p>　　隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的不斷擴(kuò)大，無線傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)的不斷完善，用戶可以享受到更多基于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的服務(wù)，使遠(yuǎn)程數(shù)據(jù)采集變成一個(gè)簡單的解決方案，為企業(yè)和組織所需要的關(guān)鍵數(shù)據(jù)提供實(shí)時(shí)的訪問。</p><p>　　來源：http://www.s