穩(wěn)壓器資料外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　外文資料原文</b></p><p>　　Regulators</p><p>　　Regulators: it is a kind of can automatically adjust the output voltage of power supply circuit or device, its effect is not sha

2、re fluctuates greatly and electric equipment in the power supply voltage stability requirement, within the scope of its value to various circuit or electrical equipment in the rated voltage can work properly.</p>

3、<p>　　Regulators have: large decades to hundreds of power voltage is kw supply large laboratory equipment work power. There are several small earthen to several kilowatts of ac regulator, is for small laboratory or

4、household appliances provides high quality power,</p><p>　　Initial power voltage is the voltage stability by relays beating. When the voltage regulator, the electric volatility of automatic correction circui

5、t, make interior relay action. Forcing output voltage value in this circuit is near the simple circuit, defect is not high voltage accuracy and each time relay beating will supply power shift occurs once interrupt and th

6、e instantaneous sparks interference.</p><p>　　The computer equipment and work, easy to cause disturbance computer error signal, serious when still can make the result of a damaged disk.</p><p>　

7、　Now the small voltage, high quality carbon brush is used mostly motor, the stability of the method of voltage regulator electrical equipment of the interference is relatively high voltage accuracy.</p><p>　

8、　(1) the stabilizer principle</p><p>　　By regulating voltage circuit, control circuit and servo motor, etc, when the input voltage or load changes, the control circuit of sampling, comparison, amplification,

9、 and then drive to the regulator servo motor rotation, the position of the carbon brush, through the automatic adjustment coil ratio, and maintain the stable output voltage. The large capacity and voltage regulator using

10、 the principles work.</p><p>　　(2) voltage product classification</p><p>　　According to the working state of adjustment tube, often manostat into two categories: linear manostat and switching po

11、wer supply. In addition, there is a use of small power supply voltage regulator, switch. Switching voltage regulators, repeated use of output level switch "open" and "off" condition, and energy storag

12、e components (capacitor and sensor) produce output voltage. It is through the adjustment according to the output voltage feedback samples to adjust to switch regularly. In a fixed f</p><p>　　According to the

13、 switch and energy storage components, the arrangement of the output voltage can be more or less than the input voltage, and can use a multiple output voltage regulator. In most cases, the same input voltage and pulse ou

14、tput voltage, (step-down) switching voltage regulators than linear regulators conversion power efficiency is higher. Compensating - precision exchange compensating voltage stabilizer (single-phase and three-phase kVA 0.5

15、, 1.5 kVA transformer, compensation and abov</p><p>　　LDO is a linear regulators. The use of linear regulators in linear area of transistors or FET, running from the input voltage applied in excess of voltag

16、e, minus through adjusting the output voltage. So-called pressure drop, refers to the voltage regulator will maintain its output voltage rating 100mV fluctuation in the input voltage and within the required minimum value

17、 of output voltage difference. Is the output voltage regulator LDO (low pressure drop) often use power transistors (also called</p><p>　　Update of development, it is used for power transistor could provide t

18、he lowest pressure drop voltage. Using CMOS, through the voltage regulator pressure drop is power equipment load current ON resistance. If the load is lesser, this way of pressure drop dozens of millivolt.</p><

19、;p>　　(3) voltage main technical parameters</p><p>　　Project single-phase three-phase (three-phase four-wire mode, points).</p><p>　　Input voltage regulator 160V ~ 250V phase voltage range for

20、 160V~ 250V. </p><p>　　For 280V ~ 430V line voltage.</p><p>　　Voltage output voltage 220V or 110V phase voltage 220V line voltage 380V.</p><p>　　Regulators 246V ± 4V overvoltag

21、e protection value 246V phase voltage 4V ± (phase voltage).</p><p>　　426V voltages</p><p>　　Steady pressure regulator pure degree ± 3%</p><p>　　(4) stabilizer selection me

22、thod</p><p>　　1, the capacity of safety coefficient</p><p>　　Ac voltage stabilizer based on output power (nai) for nominal kVA ratings, normally not pure resistive load of power factor, which in

23、dicates ￠COS, stabilizer actually can output the active power (kW = capacity kVA ￠COS) x. So in practice according to the model selection of electrical equipment and power factor and rated power load type concrete circum

24、stance reasonable selection, the power output voltage power supply should leave appropriate allowance, especially the badly-impactive loads to larg</p><p>　　Load property equipment type selection manostat ca

25、pacity safety coefficient.</p><p>　　Pure resistance loaded incandescent lamp, electric equipment, electric resistance 125 ~ 1.5 125 ~ 1.5 times the total power load.</p><p>　　Perceptual, fluores

26、cent lamps and lanterns, capacitive load motor, water pump, fan, air conditioning, computer, refrigerators, 2 ~ 3 p 2 ~ 3 times the total power load.</p><p>　　Big inductive, capacitive load (such as electric

27、 motors, computer) environment, should be considered when the load selection (especially large starting current rated current of 5 ~ 8 times), so choose stabilizer capacity should be load power 2.5-3 times.</p>&l

28、t;p>　　Such as: three-phase 2.2 kW, 5.5 kW, one chooses stabilizer, capacity experiment.it (2.2 kW + 5.5 kW) x 2.5 = 19.25 kVA, namely, at least to choose three-phase SJW - 20 kVA above product stabilizer.</p>&

29、lt;p>　　2 The compensating voltage power output capacity curve</p><p>　　The type of single-phase stabilizer (0.5 ~ 3kVA kVA 10k, horizontal and below, and below) 9kVA three-phase voltages below 198V phase

30、when the input and output capacity began to decline, 160V equals input phase voltage regulator, down to the rated capacity of 50%. So in the low voltage particular attention to reduce load drop frontal use, lest make the

31、 stabilizer overload burned.</p><p>　　The regulator can output 220V type two kinds of voltage and 110V. But even if all the output voltage by 110V with load cannot exceed 50%, or it is the capacity of overlo

32、ad.</p><p>　　(5) voltage range</p><p>　　Stabilizer can be widely applied to industrial and mining enterprises, oilfield,, railway, construction site, schools, hospitals, telecommunications, hot

33、els, scientific research departments of electronic computers, precision machine tools, computed tomography (CT) scan, precision instrument, test equipment, lighting, elevator imported equipment and production line needs

34、power the voltage stability. Also suitable for low or high voltage and low voltage distribution network fluctuation of big ch</p><p>　　(6) The technical parameters</p><p>　　A. the input voltage

35、 regulator has A range. IEC standard for input voltage rating in the range of ± 10. More automatically sound-light alarm output voltage stability and not required in scope.</p><p>　　B. Output voltage re

36、gulation is caused by changes in the input voltage output changes, when the effect of load rating, according to the input voltage source voltage range to rise by ratings to limit and to limit, maximum output voltage meas

37、urement of changes (±). This value is measured to 55x55mm are the important index of ac regulator performance.</p><p>　　C. Load regulation: is caused by changes in the load variation of output. Change t

38、he load current output voltage, measure the size of the variation (±). This value to 55x55mm are measured, and also is an important index of ac regulator performance.</p><p>　　D. Output voltages relativ

39、e harmonic content (also called output voltage distortion degree), usually expressed in THD, total harmonic content is effective and the wave RMS, rated load than when the input voltage, the distortion degree (usually me

40、et datum condition should be less than 3), the input voltage for the lowest rating, and high output voltage measurement attributes, the distortion degree. This value to 55x55mm are.</p><p>　　E: The efficienc

41、y is the active power output and input of active power P0 than (Pi) the percentage. </p><p>　　F. load power factor</p><p>　　Regulators are using voltammetry capacity (VA) or KVA KVA (value), loa

42、d in pure resistive loads, and perceptual and capacitive load, in addition to the active power load, and reactive power. The pointer reflects the interfluent stable power supply with perceptual and capacitive loads.</

43、p><p>　　General ac voltage stabilizer, cos φ for load power factor 0.8, when the product is 1KVA, output power dispatch (namely the ability of load band-stop 800W maximum) if products with 1KW said (cos φ still

44、 0.8), the active power output, the output of 1KW power S = 10/0.8 = 1250VA. Load power factor, says a numerical power equipment adapt electrical resistance strong ability to load.</p><p>　　G. AC stabilizer

45、parameters and output power, input frequency, source frequency effect, random error (time drift), no-load power input, source power factor (this value and load power factor, the bigger the better hope is different, the 1

46、), relative to the source current harmonic content, audio noise etc, 3-phase ac voltage stabilizer, still not balanced three-phase output voltage, etc. Of the definition and the pointer may refer to the related standard

47、test method.</p><p><b>　　外文資料譯文</b></p><p><b>　　穩(wěn)壓器</b></p><p>　　穩(wěn)壓器：它是一種能自動(dòng)調(diào)整輸出電壓的供電電路或供電設(shè)備，其作用是將波動(dòng)較大和不合用電器設(shè)備要求的電源電壓穩(wěn)定在它的設(shè)定值范圍內(nèi)，使各種電路或電器設(shè)備能在額定工作電壓下正常工作。 <

48、;/p><p>　　穩(wěn)壓器有：大型的幾十至幾百千瓦的電力穩(wěn)壓器，是供給大型實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的工作電源。也有小型的幾瓦到幾千瓦的交流穩(wěn)壓器，是為小型實(shí)驗(yàn)室或家庭電器提供高質(zhì)量電源， </p><p>　　最初的電力穩(wěn)壓器是靠繼電器的跳動(dòng)穩(wěn)定電壓的。當(dāng)電網(wǎng)電壓出現(xiàn)波動(dòng)時(shí)，電力穩(wěn)壓器的自動(dòng)糾正電路啟動(dòng)，使內(nèi)部繼電器動(dòng)作。迫使輸出電壓保持在設(shè)定值附近，這種電路優(yōu)點(diǎn)是電路簡單，缺點(diǎn)是穩(wěn)壓精度不高并且每一次繼電器

49、跳動(dòng)換擋，都會(huì)使供電電源發(fā)生一次瞬時(shí)的中斷并產(chǎn)生火花干擾。 </p><p>　　這對電腦設(shè)備的讀寫工作干擾很大，容易造成電腦出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤信號，嚴(yán)重時(shí)還會(huì)使硬盤損壞。 </p><p>　　現(xiàn)在高質(zhì)量的小型穩(wěn)壓器，大多采用電機(jī)拖動(dòng)碳刷的方法穩(wěn)定電壓，這種穩(wěn)壓器對電器設(shè)備產(chǎn)生的干擾很小穩(wěn)壓精度相對較高。 </p><p>　　（1）穩(wěn)壓器工作原理</p>&

50、lt;p>　　穩(wěn)壓器由調(diào)壓電路、控制電路、及伺服電機(jī)等組成，當(dāng)輸入電壓或負(fù)載變化時(shí)，控制電路進(jìn)行取樣、比較、放大，然后驅(qū)動(dòng)伺服電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，使調(diào)壓器碳刷的位置改變，通過自動(dòng)調(diào)整線圈匝數(shù)比，從而保持輸出電壓的穩(wěn)定。容量較大的穩(wěn)壓器，還采用電壓補(bǔ)償?shù)脑砉ぷ?。?）穩(wěn)壓器產(chǎn)品分類</p><p>　　根據(jù)調(diào)整管的工作狀態(tài)，常把穩(wěn)壓電源分成兩類：線性穩(wěn)壓電源和開關(guān)穩(wěn)壓電源。此外，還有一種使用穩(wěn)壓管的小電源：開關(guān)穩(wěn)壓器

51、 。開關(guān)穩(wěn)壓器使用輸出級，重復(fù)切換“開”和“關(guān)”狀態(tài)，與能量存貯部件（電容器和感應(yīng)器）一起產(chǎn)生輸出電壓。它的調(diào)整是通過根據(jù)輸出電壓的反饋樣本來調(diào)整切換定時(shí)來實(shí)現(xiàn)的。在固定頻率的穩(wěn)壓器中，通過調(diào)節(jié)開關(guān)電壓的脈沖寬度來調(diào)節(jié)切換定時(shí)，這就是所謂的 PWM 控制。在門控振蕩器或脈沖模式穩(wěn)壓器中，開關(guān)脈沖的寬度和頻率保持恒定，但是，輸出開關(guān)的“開”或“關(guān)”由反饋控制。 </p><p>　　根據(jù)開關(guān)和能量存貯部件的排列，產(chǎn)

52、生的輸出電壓可以大于或小于輸入電壓，并且可以用一個(gè)穩(wěn)壓器產(chǎn)生多個(gè)輸出電壓。在大多數(shù)情況下，在同樣的輸入電壓和輸出電壓要求下，脈沖（降壓）開關(guān)穩(wěn)壓器比線性穩(wěn)壓器轉(zhuǎn)換電源的效率更高。補(bǔ)償式---高精度交流補(bǔ)償式穩(wěn)壓電源（單相0.5kVA及以上，三相1.5kVA及以上）有補(bǔ)償變壓器，有110V輸出。 </p><p>　　LDO 是一種線性穩(wěn)壓器。線性穩(wěn)壓器使用在其線性區(qū)域內(nèi)運(yùn)行的晶體管或 FET，從應(yīng)用的輸入電壓中減

53、去超額的電壓，產(chǎn)生經(jīng)過調(diào)節(jié)的輸出電壓。所謂壓降電壓，是指穩(wěn)壓器將輸出電壓維持在其額定值上下 100mV 之內(nèi)所需的輸入電壓與輸出電壓差額的最小值。正輸出電壓的 LDO（低壓降）穩(wěn)壓器通常使用功率晶體管（也稱為傳遞設(shè)備）作為PNP。這種晶體管允許飽和，所以穩(wěn)壓器可以有一個(gè)非常低的壓降電壓，通常為 200mV 左右；與之相比，使用 NPN 復(fù)合電源晶體管的傳統(tǒng)線性穩(wěn)壓器的壓降為 2V 左右。負(fù)輸出 LDO 使用 NPN 作為它的傳遞設(shè)備，其

54、運(yùn)行模式與正輸出 LDO 的 PNP設(shè)備類似。 </p><p>　　更新的發(fā)展使用COMS功率晶體管，它能夠提供最低的壓降電壓。使用 CMOS，通過穩(wěn)壓器的唯一電壓壓降是電源設(shè)備負(fù)載電流的 ON電阻造成的。如果負(fù)載較小，這種方式產(chǎn)生的壓降只有幾十毫伏。 （3）穩(wěn)壓器主要技術(shù)參數(shù)</p><p>　　項(xiàng)目單相三相（三相四線制，分調(diào)式） </p><p>　

55、　穩(wěn)壓器輸入電壓范圍 160V～250V 相電壓為160V ～ 250V </p><p>　　線電壓為280V ～ 430V </p><p>　　穩(wěn)壓器輸出電壓 220V或110V 相電壓220V線電壓380V </p><p>　　穩(wěn)壓器過電壓保護(hù)值 246V±4V 相電壓246V±4V（以相電壓為準(zhǔn)） 線電壓426V </p&

56、gt;<p>　　穩(wěn)壓器穩(wěn) 壓 精 度 ±3% </p><p>　?。?）穩(wěn)壓器選型方法</p><p><b>　　1、容量安全系數(shù) </b></p><p>　　交流穩(wěn)壓電源是以輸出視在功率(kVA)為標(biāo)稱額定容量，而一般情況下負(fù)載都不是純電阻性的，即功率因數(shù)COS￠≠1，穩(wěn)壓器實(shí)際能輸出的有功功率kW=容量(kV

57、A)×COS￠。所以在實(shí)際選型時(shí)要按用電設(shè)備的額定功率、功率因數(shù)和負(fù)載類型等具體情況來合理選擇穩(wěn)壓電源，其輸出功率應(yīng)留有適當(dāng)余量，特別是沖擊性負(fù)載選型時(shí)余量要更大，具體選型安全系數(shù)見下： </p><p>　　負(fù)載性質(zhì) 設(shè)備類型 安全系數(shù) 選擇穩(wěn)壓電源容量 </p><p>　　純阻性負(fù)載 白熾燈、電阻絲、電爐等設(shè)備 1.25~1.5 1.25~1.5倍負(fù)載總功率 </p&

58、gt;<p>　　感性、容性負(fù)載 熒光燈具、風(fēng)機(jī)、電動(dòng)機(jī)、水泵、空調(diào)、電腦、電冰箱等 2~3≥2~3倍負(fù)載總功率 </p><p>　　大電感性、電容性負(fù)載（如電動(dòng)機(jī)、電腦）環(huán)境下，選型時(shí)應(yīng)考慮負(fù)載的起動(dòng)電流特別大（達(dá)額定電流的5~8倍），所以選擇穩(wěn)壓器容量時(shí)應(yīng)是負(fù)載功率的2.5~3倍。 </p><p>　　如：三相電機(jī)2.2kW 1臺，5.5 kW 1臺，選用穩(wěn)壓器時(shí)，

59、容量≥（2.2kW+5.5 kW）×2.5=19.25 kVA，即至少要選用三相SJW-20 kVA以上產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)壓器。 </p><p>　　2、非補(bǔ)償式穩(wěn)壓電源輸出容量曲線 </p><p>　　自耦式穩(wěn)壓器(單相0.5kVA~3kVA、10k臥式及以下，三相9kVA及以下)當(dāng)輸入相電壓低于198V時(shí)，輸出容量就開始下降；輸入相電壓等于160V時(shí)，下降到穩(wěn)壓器額定容量的50%。

60、所以在電源電壓的低端特別要注意減輕負(fù)載降額使用，以免使穩(wěn)壓器過載燒毀。 </p><p>　　自耦式穩(wěn)壓器能夠同時(shí)輸出220V和110V兩種電壓。但即使是全部由110V輸出時(shí)，穩(wěn)壓器所帶負(fù)載也不能超過額定容量的50%，否則就是過載使用。 </p><p>　?。?）穩(wěn)壓器適用范圍 </p><p>　　穩(wěn)壓器，可廣泛應(yīng)用于：工礦企業(yè)、油田、鐵路、建筑工地、學(xué)校、醫(yī)院

61、、郵電、賓館、科研等部門的電子計(jì)算機(jī)、精密機(jī)床、計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描攝影（CT）、精密儀器、試驗(yàn)裝置、電梯照明、進(jìn)口設(shè)備及生產(chǎn)流水線等需要電源，穩(wěn)定電壓的場所。也適應(yīng)于電源電壓過低或過高、波動(dòng)幅度大的低壓配電網(wǎng)末端的用戶及負(fù)載變動(dòng)大的用電設(shè)備，特別適用于一切對電網(wǎng)波形要求高的穩(wěn)壓用電場所。大功率補(bǔ)償式電力穩(wěn)壓器可接火力、水力、小型發(fā)電機(jī)。 </p><p>　?。?）穩(wěn)壓器的技術(shù)參數(shù)</p><p&

62、gt;　　A.穩(wěn)壓器有一個(gè)輸入電壓適應(yīng)范圍。IEC標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為輸入電壓在額定值的±10范圍內(nèi)變化.超出范圍即自動(dòng)聲光報(bào)警且不能使輸出電壓穩(wěn)定在要求范圍內(nèi). </p><p>　　B.輸出電壓調(diào)整率,是輸入電壓的變化而引起輸出量變化的效應(yīng)，當(dāng)負(fù)載為額定值時(shí)，將輸入電壓按源電壓范圍由額定值向上調(diào)到上限值和往下限值,測量輸出電壓的最大變化量(±)。此值越小越好，是衡量交流穩(wěn)壓器性能的重要指標(biāo)。 </

63、p><p>　　C.負(fù)載調(diào)整率:是負(fù)載的變化引起輸出量變化的效應(yīng)。改變負(fù)載電流大小，測量輸出電壓的變化量(±)。此值越小越好，也是衡量交流穩(wěn)壓器性能的重要指標(biāo)。 </p><p>　　D.輸出電壓相對諧波含量(亦稱輸出電壓失真度), 通常用THD表示,是諧波含量的總有效值與基波有效值之比，當(dāng)負(fù)載為額定值﹑輸入電壓失真度滿足基準(zhǔn)條件時(shí)(一般應(yīng)小于3)，在輸入電壓為最低值﹑額定值和最高值

64、時(shí)測量輸出電壓失真度，取其最大者.此值越小越好。 </p><p>　　E.效率:是輸出的有功功率P0與輸入的有功功率Pi之比(百分?jǐn)?shù))。</p><p><b>　　F.負(fù)載功率因素 </b></p><p>　　穩(wěn)壓器容量都用伏安(VA)或千伏安(KVA)值表示，是負(fù)載中除純電阻性負(fù)載外，還有感性和容性負(fù)載，即負(fù)載中除有功功率外，還有無功功

65、率。這個(gè)指針反映了交流穩(wěn)壓電源帶感性及容性負(fù)載的能力。 </p><p>　　一般交流穩(wěn)壓電源,負(fù)載功率因素cosφ為0.8，當(dāng)產(chǎn)品為1KVA時(shí)，輸出的有功功率(即帶阻性負(fù)載的能力)最大為800W.如果產(chǎn)品用1KW表示時(shí)(cosφ仍為0.8)，可輸出有功功率1KW，這時(shí)可輸出的功率S=1000/0.8=1250VA。負(fù)載功率因素?cái)?shù)值較小時(shí)，表示電源設(shè)備適應(yīng)電抗性負(fù)載的能力較強(qiáng)。 </p><p