機(jī)械畢業(yè)論文文獻(xiàn)翻譯數(shù)控機(jī)床在國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r概括--機(jī)械相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)翻譯

1、<p>　　國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展概括</p><p>　　數(shù)控機(jī)床是由美國(guó)發(fā)明家約翰·帕森斯上個(gè)世紀(jì)發(fā)明的。隨著電子信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展，世界機(jī)床業(yè)已進(jìn)入了以數(shù)字化制造技術(shù)為核心的機(jī)電一體化時(shí)代，其中數(shù)控機(jī)床就是代表產(chǎn)品之一。數(shù)控機(jī)床是制造業(yè)的加工母機(jī)和國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的重要基礎(chǔ)。它為國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各個(gè)部門(mén)提供裝備和手段，具有無(wú)限放大的經(jīng)濟(jì)與社會(huì)效應(yīng)。歐、美、日等工業(yè)化國(guó)家已先后完成了數(shù)控機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)化進(jìn)程，而中國(guó)從20

2、世紀(jì)80年代開(kāi)始起步，仍處于發(fā)展階段。</p><p>　　作為現(xiàn)代工業(yè)基石的機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)，是工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展過(guò)程中無(wú)論如何都不能繞過(guò)一個(gè)關(guān)鍵性問(wèn)題，中國(guó)機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)由于先天不足，一直在中高端機(jī)床項(xiàng)目發(fā)展上落于國(guó)外主流水準(zhǔn)，正處于一個(gè)追趕的過(guò)程當(dāng)中。</p><p>　　中國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床仍然較為落后。中國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床市場(chǎng)巨大，與國(guó)外產(chǎn)品相比，中國(guó)的差距主要是機(jī)床的高速高效化和精密化上，中國(guó)正處于工業(yè)化中期，即

3、從解決短缺為主的開(kāi)放逐步向建設(shè)經(jīng)濟(jì)強(qiáng)國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)變，從脫貧向致富轉(zhuǎn)變，煤炭、汽車(chē)、鋼鐵、房地產(chǎn)、建材、機(jī)械、電子、化工等一批以重工業(yè)為基礎(chǔ)的高增長(zhǎng)行業(yè)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭強(qiáng)勁，構(gòu)成了對(duì)機(jī)床市場(chǎng)尤其是數(shù)控機(jī)床的巨大需求。</p><p>　　中國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)加速轉(zhuǎn)型面臨四大制約因素。中國(guó)的數(shù)控機(jī)床技術(shù)現(xiàn)在目前最多只能做到五軸聯(lián)動(dòng)，并且據(jù)有關(guān)人士說(shuō)這個(gè)五軸還是作秀成份居多，五軸以上幾乎就是全部進(jìn)口，并且在多點(diǎn)聯(lián)動(dòng)的技術(shù)上也和國(guó)外技術(shù)水準(zhǔn)存在

4、非常大的差距。</p><p>　　國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)國(guó)際化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加?。河捎谥械蜋n數(shù)控機(jī)床市場(chǎng)萎縮和生產(chǎn)能力過(guò)剩，加之國(guó)外產(chǎn)品低價(jià)涌入，市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)將進(jìn)一步加劇。而高檔產(chǎn)品由于長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直依賴(lài)進(jìn)口，國(guó)內(nèi)產(chǎn)品更加面臨著國(guó)際化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。</p><p>　　以技術(shù)領(lǐng)先的策略正在向以客戶(hù)為中心的策略轉(zhuǎn)變：經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)往往會(huì)催生大規(guī)模的產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)和企業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型，機(jī)床工具行業(yè)實(shí)現(xiàn)制造業(yè)服務(wù)化，核心在于要以客戶(hù)為中心，積

5、極提供客戶(hù)需要的個(gè)性化服務(wù)。因此，從簡(jiǎn)單的賣(mài)產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)向提供整體解決方案、從以技術(shù)為中心向以客戶(hù)為中心轉(zhuǎn)變成為當(dāng)今的趨勢(shì)。</p><p>　　中國(guó)的產(chǎn)品與中國(guó)市場(chǎng)需求反差較大，產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)亟待快速調(diào)整：中國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)雖然保持多年持續(xù)快速發(fā)展，但是產(chǎn)業(yè)和產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)不合理的現(xiàn)象依然存在，整個(gè)行業(yè)大而不強(qiáng)，高檔產(chǎn)品還大量依賴(lài)進(jìn)口。國(guó)產(chǎn)機(jī)床的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)占有率雖然已經(jīng)有一定的提高，但是高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床、核心功能部件在國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)占有率還很低，

6、全行業(yè)替代進(jìn)口的潛力非常巨大。</p><p>　　企業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新模式有待完善：由于中國(guó)機(jī)床企業(yè)的地位、工業(yè)化水平和品牌影響力在逐步提升，要成為工業(yè)強(qiáng)國(guó)，其技術(shù)的獲得再也不能依賴(lài)別人。過(guò)去，中國(guó)走了一條從模仿到引進(jìn)的道路，從現(xiàn)在開(kāi)始必須走自主創(chuàng)新的道路。企業(yè)技術(shù)遇到新的封鎖，建立自主、新型、戰(zhàn)略性的產(chǎn)學(xué)研創(chuàng)新模式是支撐產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整技術(shù)來(lái)源的惟一途徑。</p><p>　　中國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床行業(yè)將延

7、續(xù)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整的勢(shì)頭，不斷以新產(chǎn)品、新亮點(diǎn)占領(lǐng)更大市場(chǎng)。數(shù)控切割機(jī)床按切割方式可分為火焰切割和等離子切割兩大類(lèi)。隨著下游行業(yè)需求的不斷提高，對(duì)數(shù)控機(jī)床配件提出了更大的需求和更高的要求。</p><p>　　東北地區(qū)發(fā)展不快，其他地方的發(fā)展也比較緩慢。三是調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)促轉(zhuǎn)型取得成效。專(zhuān)家認(rèn)為面對(duì)金融危機(jī)，廣大企業(yè)應(yīng)不斷調(diào)整結(jié)構(gòu)、提高質(zhì)量、增加品種及推動(dòng)產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)，再加上企業(yè)加強(qiáng)管理，降低費(fèi)用，所以企業(yè)效益明顯好轉(zhuǎn)。數(shù)控切割機(jī)床

8、裝飾性發(fā)展趨勢(shì)可見(jiàn)一斑，數(shù)控切割機(jī)床更多的是強(qiáng)調(diào)在機(jī)械性能、操作簡(jiǎn)便、價(jià)格經(jīng)濟(jì)、加工精度穩(wěn)定等方面。在金屬材料加工日益要求普及和批量化的今天，數(shù)控切割機(jī)床除了要滿(mǎn)足上述功能性外，還要具有多切割方式的適用性。</p><p>　　國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)控機(jī)床企業(yè)為了提高自身實(shí)力，更快地拓展國(guó)際市場(chǎng)，將采取多種手段加快和國(guó)外企業(yè)的融合以提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量、提高競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。在繼續(xù)開(kāi)拓美國(guó)、日本等國(guó)家市場(chǎng)的同時(shí)，在東南亞、中東、俄羅斯、歐洲、非洲

9、等也全面開(kāi)花。據(jù)了解，當(dāng)前金屬切割數(shù)控機(jī)床行業(yè)運(yùn)行具有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：一是外銷(xiāo)企業(yè)困難較大。從規(guī)模以上企業(yè)來(lái)看，以?xún)?nèi)銷(xiāo)為主的品牌企業(yè)發(fā)展勢(shì)頭較好。沒(méi)有品牌的中小企業(yè)發(fā)展比較困難。二是各地區(qū)發(fā)展不夠均衡，浙江、山東、河北、北京以及四川發(fā)展比較快，廣東的民營(yíng)企業(yè)發(fā)展也較快。</p><p>　　數(shù)控切割機(jī)床行業(yè)多數(shù)企業(yè)都是依靠降低產(chǎn)品售價(jià)來(lái)獲得市場(chǎng)，造成的后果是產(chǎn)品價(jià)格低、附加值低、利潤(rùn)低，企業(yè)沒(méi)有足夠的資金持續(xù)發(fā)展。

10、隨著產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的升級(jí)，提高產(chǎn)品技術(shù)含量，擁有自主的專(zhuān)利、設(shè)計(jì)，注重品牌的打造和營(yíng)銷(xiāo)才是企業(yè)長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展的最佳選擇。</p><p>　　中國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)在過(guò)去幾年實(shí)現(xiàn)了持續(xù)超高速的發(fā)展，一直到2011年上半年，需求仍很旺盛，但是從下半年開(kāi)始，需求增勢(shì)明顯趨緩，新增訂單劇烈下滑，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益狀況逐漸趨于嚴(yán)峻，利潤(rùn)率持續(xù)下降。</p><p>　　在“十二五”期間，國(guó)家實(shí)施積極的財(cái)政政策和穩(wěn)健的貨幣

11、政策，隨著科技進(jìn)步、產(chǎn)品升級(jí)以及國(guó)家重點(diǎn)工程、地方投資項(xiàng)目的不斷推進(jìn)，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)各行業(yè)對(duì)機(jī)床工具產(chǎn)品的需求水平將進(jìn)一步提高，國(guó)防現(xiàn)代化對(duì)高水平機(jī)床的需求將更為迫切，市場(chǎng)需求將向更高層次發(fā)展，新一輪的市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)也將更加激烈。</p><p>　　由于行業(yè)景氣度低迷，下游制造型企業(yè)對(duì)機(jī)床需求下降，所以我國(guó)機(jī)床行業(yè)一直處于低迷狀態(tài)，升級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)型成為行業(yè)近幾年的關(guān)鍵詞，經(jīng)濟(jì)型數(shù)控機(jī)床則成為振興裝備制造業(yè)的重點(diǎn)之一。</p&

12、gt;<p>　　我國(guó)的鑄造機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)取得了一定的成績(jī)，但是其發(fā)展仍然面臨著許多制約性問(wèn)題，技術(shù)創(chuàng)新一直是國(guó)內(nèi)鑄造機(jī)床行業(yè)的硬傷。與國(guó)外的鑄造機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)相比，我國(guó)的鑄造機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)在制造工藝水平上明顯落后，這使得其在核心運(yùn)行部件的技術(shù)水平和運(yùn)行速度、產(chǎn)品精度保持性以及機(jī)床的可靠性上有著明顯的不足。</p><p>　　我國(guó)鑄造機(jī)床企業(yè)缺乏自主創(chuàng)新和基礎(chǔ)理論研究的意識(shí)與能力，這就制約了我國(guó)鑄造機(jī)床技術(shù)的發(fā)展，

13、要改變這種現(xiàn)狀，就要深入研究用戶(hù)行業(yè)產(chǎn)品工藝的特點(diǎn)和要求，結(jié)合工藝特點(diǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)出高水平加工設(shè)備，同時(shí)，還要注重基礎(chǔ)理論工作的研究，這樣才能讓我國(guó)鑄造機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)在不久的將來(lái)有更好的發(fā)展。國(guó)家出臺(tái)的一系列政策，大力建設(shè)新興企業(yè)，高新技術(shù)企業(yè)，抓住了這一時(shí)機(jī)，企業(yè)內(nèi)部出臺(tái)了“調(diào)整與振興”、“自主創(chuàng)新”等一系列政策，升級(jí)企業(yè)機(jī)床技術(shù)，嚴(yán)格保證產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，為加快鑄造機(jī)床行業(yè)的發(fā)展提供了良好的環(huán)境跟市場(chǎng)。</p><p>　　機(jī)床工

14、具行業(yè)作為國(guó)家基礎(chǔ)性和戰(zhàn)略性產(chǎn)業(yè)，在“十二五”規(guī)劃中，已明確將自主創(chuàng)新戰(zhàn)略作為最主要的一個(gè)組成部分，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了要以技術(shù)創(chuàng)新工程來(lái)支撐和引領(lǐng)行業(yè)發(fā)展。我國(guó)機(jī)床工具行業(yè)的發(fā)展必須立足于自主創(chuàng)新，通過(guò)自主研發(fā)原始創(chuàng)新、引進(jìn)技術(shù)消化吸收再創(chuàng)新、集成現(xiàn)有技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等方式，實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)突破和產(chǎn)業(yè)升級(jí)。構(gòu)建和完善以企業(yè)為主體、以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向、產(chǎn)學(xué)研用相結(jié)合的技術(shù)創(chuàng)新體系;堅(jiān)持加大研發(fā)費(fèi)用投入;加強(qiáng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、共性技術(shù)的研究，力爭(zhēng)在基礎(chǔ)和共性技術(shù)攻關(guān)上有所突

15、破，提高產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)水平。</p><p><b>　　技術(shù)發(fā)展</b></p><p>　　高速、精密、復(fù)合、智能和綠色是數(shù)控機(jī)床技術(shù)發(fā)展的總趨勢(shì)，近幾年來(lái)，在實(shí)用化和產(chǎn)業(yè)化等方面取得可喜成績(jī)。主要表現(xiàn)在：</p><p>　　1、機(jī)床復(fù)合技術(shù)進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展隨著數(shù)控機(jī)床技術(shù)進(jìn)步，復(fù)合加工技術(shù)日趨成熟，包括銑-車(chē)復(fù)合、車(chē)銑復(fù)合、車(chē)-鏜-鉆-齒輪加工

16、等復(fù)合，車(chē)磨復(fù)合，成形復(fù)合加工、特種復(fù)合加工等，復(fù)合加工的精度和效率大大提高。“一臺(tái)機(jī)床就是一個(gè)加工廠(chǎng)”、“一次裝卡，完全加工”等理念正在被更多人接受，復(fù)合加工機(jī)床發(fā)展正呈現(xiàn)多樣化的態(tài)勢(shì)。</p><p>　　2、數(shù)控機(jī)床的智能化技術(shù)有新的突破，在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的性能上得到了較多體現(xiàn)。如：自動(dòng)調(diào)整干涉防碰撞功能、斷電后工件自動(dòng)退出安全區(qū)斷電保護(hù)功能、加工零件檢測(cè)和自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償學(xué)習(xí)功能、高精度加工零件智能化參數(shù)選用功能、加工

17、過(guò)程自動(dòng)消除機(jī)床震動(dòng)等功能進(jìn)入了實(shí)用化階段，智能化提升了機(jī)床的功能和品質(zhì)。</p><p>　　3、機(jī)器人使柔性化組合效率更高機(jī)器人與主機(jī)的柔性化組合得到廣泛應(yīng)用，使得柔性線(xiàn)更加靈活、功能進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展、柔性線(xiàn)進(jìn)一步縮短、效率更高。機(jī)器人與加工中心、車(chē)銑復(fù)合機(jī)床、磨床、齒輪加工機(jī)床、工具磨床、電加工機(jī)床、鋸床、沖壓機(jī)床、激光加工機(jī)床、水切割機(jī)床等組成多種形式的柔性單元和柔性生產(chǎn)線(xiàn)已經(jīng)開(kāi)始應(yīng)用。</p>

18、<p>　　4、精密加工技術(shù)有了新進(jìn)展數(shù)控金切機(jī)床的加工精度已從原來(lái)的絲級(jí)（0.01mm）提升到微米級(jí)（0.001mm），有些品種已達(dá)到0.05μm左右。超精密數(shù)控機(jī)床的微細(xì)切削和磨削加工，精度可穩(wěn)定達(dá)到0.05μm左右，形狀精度可達(dá)0.01μm左右。采用光、電、化學(xué)等能源的特種加工精度可達(dá)到納米級(jí)（0.001μm）。通過(guò)機(jī)床結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化、機(jī)床零部件的超精加工和精密裝配、采用高精度的全閉環(huán)控制及溫度、振動(dòng)等動(dòng)態(tài)誤差補(bǔ)償技術(shù)，提

19、高機(jī)床加工的幾何精度，降低形位誤差、表面粗糙度等，從而進(jìn)入亞微米、納米級(jí)超精加工時(shí)代。</p><p>　　5、功能部件性能不斷提高功能部件不斷向高速度、高精度、大功率和智能化方向發(fā)展，并取得成熟的應(yīng)用。全數(shù)字交流伺服電機(jī)和驅(qū)動(dòng)裝置，高技術(shù)含量的電主軸、力矩電機(jī)、直線(xiàn)電機(jī)，高性能的直線(xiàn)滾動(dòng)組件，高精度主軸單元等功能部件推廣應(yīng)用，極大的提高數(shù)控機(jī)床的技術(shù)水平。</p><p><b&g

20、t;　　發(fā)展問(wèn)題</b></p><p>　　國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)控機(jī)床的需求日益增長(zhǎng)，數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展推動(dòng)了數(shù)控機(jī)床功能部件的創(chuàng)新升級(jí)。目前我國(guó)高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床關(guān)鍵功能部件工業(yè)還不能滿(mǎn)足國(guó)內(nèi)需要，國(guó)內(nèi)數(shù)控功能部件產(chǎn)業(yè)主要存在以下問(wèn)題。</p><p>　　1、適應(yīng)性和滿(mǎn)足度遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到市場(chǎng)需求</p><p>　　從當(dāng)前我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)來(lái)看，國(guó)產(chǎn)功能部件的適應(yīng)性和滿(mǎn)足度

21、遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到市場(chǎng)的需求。主要表現(xiàn)在：</p><p>　　1）我國(guó)功能部件的產(chǎn)品水平和國(guó)外有一定差距。我國(guó)生產(chǎn)的功能部件多數(shù)以勞動(dòng)密集型為主，技術(shù)含量低，難以適應(yīng)國(guó)產(chǎn)數(shù)控機(jī)床的發(fā)展速度和技術(shù)要求，特別是高檔數(shù)控機(jī)床。</p><p>　　2）我國(guó)功能部件開(kāi)發(fā)能力較弱，新產(chǎn)品開(kāi)發(fā)速度慢，多數(shù)功能部件需要與國(guó)外合作開(kāi)發(fā)、合作生產(chǎn)、合資經(jīng)營(yíng)，甚至只能組裝。雖然這兩年形勢(shì)有顯著變化，但高技術(shù)、最新型

22、的功能部件，我國(guó)尚在研制過(guò)程中，市場(chǎng)占有率前景依然不容樂(lè)觀。</p><p>　　2、我國(guó)數(shù)控功能部件生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的規(guī)模小</p><p>　　據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)我國(guó)固定資產(chǎn)達(dá)到1000萬(wàn)元以上的功能部件生產(chǎn)企業(yè)有70多家，占全部生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的10%以下。我國(guó)的功能部件生產(chǎn)企業(yè)的“出身”有4種：一是從研究院所、大專(zhuān)院校以技術(shù)支撐發(fā)展而來(lái)的企業(yè)，可稱(chēng)為“院所型”。這些企業(yè)的特點(diǎn)是：有一定技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)和人才基礎(chǔ)，有多

23、項(xiàng)技術(shù)的發(fā)展?jié)摿Γa(chǎn)手段較弱，難以在短時(shí)間內(nèi)形成產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模，在成本、營(yíng)銷(xiāo)、服務(wù)等方面也存在一些差距；二是從主機(jī)廠(chǎng)逐步“獨(dú)立”、“分離”出來(lái)的以生產(chǎn)某種功能部件為主發(fā)展起來(lái)的企業(yè)，可稱(chēng)之為“主廠(chǎng)型”。這些企業(yè)在生產(chǎn)能力、工藝水平和使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)上都可以適應(yīng)市場(chǎng)需求，在一定程度上可以形成規(guī)模，但由于其與原主機(jī)廠(chǎng)有著千絲萬(wàn)縷的聯(lián)系，在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中往往讓用戶(hù)產(chǎn)生疑慮，影響其市場(chǎng)開(kāi)拓，同時(shí)，其開(kāi)發(fā)能力也有一定的局限性，所以難以形成著名品牌；三是在江浙一帶大

24、量涌現(xiàn)出的民營(yíng)企業(yè)，可稱(chēng)之為“民企型”。這些企業(yè)主要以勞動(dòng)密集型、單一品種為主，如護(hù)鏈罩、拖板、噴油管、排屑器、照明設(shè)備等。由于競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈，其質(zhì)量和價(jià)格都能滿(mǎn)足中低檔數(shù)控機(jī)床的市場(chǎng)需要。雖然這些品種的高檔產(chǎn)品尚不能制造，還需依賴(lài)進(jìn)口，但在很大程度上，適應(yīng)了我國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床發(fā)展的總體需求；還有一部分外商合資企業(yè)或獨(dú)</p><p>　　3、核心零部件大量依靠進(jìn)口</p><p>　　中國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床行

25、業(yè)的發(fā)展令人矚目，2008年中國(guó)數(shù)控機(jī)床工具工業(yè)完成工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值34723億元，產(chǎn)品銷(xiāo)售產(chǎn)值3348.3億元，同比分別增長(zhǎng)27.5%和26.0%。2002~2008年中國(guó)是世界機(jī)床第一消費(fèi)國(guó)和第一進(jìn)口國(guó)。但行業(yè)迅速發(fā)展的背后，一個(gè)不能忽視的事實(shí)是，我國(guó)關(guān)鍵零部件生產(chǎn)依然受制于人，出現(xiàn)了利潤(rùn)不高、產(chǎn)品缺乏核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的局面。</p><p>　　4、缺乏高技術(shù)含量威脅產(chǎn)業(yè)安全</p><p>　

26、　我國(guó)機(jī)床出口連年保持增長(zhǎng)的喜人態(tài)勢(shì)，不過(guò)“量增價(jià)減”的尷尬直接反映出我們的技術(shù)水平。大量核心技術(shù)的缺乏和關(guān)鍵零部件的依賴(lài)直接影響到我國(guó)的機(jī)床產(chǎn)業(yè)安全。因此，我們需要強(qiáng)化預(yù)警工作意識(shí)，凝聚行業(yè)智慧和力量，維護(hù)產(chǎn)業(yè)安全。</p><p>　　Domestic CNC machine tools development</p><p>　　Nc machine tools is by Amer

27、ican inventor John parsons, invented in last century. Along with the development of electronic information technology, the world machine tool industry has entered the era of digital manufacturing technology as the core o

28、f electromechanical integration, one of nc machine tools is the representative product. Nc machine tools is the machining machine tool manufacturing and important basis of national economy. It provides the equipment and

29、method for various sectors of nat</p><p>　　As the cornerstone of modern industrial machine tool industry, it is in the development of industrial economy could not bypass is a key problem, China's machine

30、 tool industry due to the congenital deficiency, have been in the high-end machine project on the development in foreign mainstream standards, are in a process of catch up.</p><p>　　Nc machine tools are stil

31、l relatively backward in China. CNC machine tool market is huge in China, compared with foreign products, China's gap mainly machine tools of high efficiency, and motors, China is in the middle of industrialization,

32、that is, from opening and solve shortage of economic power shift to the construction, from poverty to get rich, coal, automobiles, steel, real estate, building materials, machinery, electronics, chemical industry and so

33、on one batch of based on the heavy indu</p><p>　　China machine tool industry to accelerate the transformation of the four big factors. China's CNC machine tool technology is the most can only achieve fiv

34、e-axis linkage, and according to relevant personage says the five axis or show ingredients, more than five axis is almost all imports, and also on the multipoint linkage technology and overseas technical level there is a

35、 very big gap.</p><p>　　Internationalization of the domestic market increased competition, such as CNC machine tool market atrophy and excess production capacity, combined with the foreign products low price

36、, market competition will further intensified. And because high-end products have long been dependent on imports, domestic products more faces the challenge of international competition.</p><p>　　With leadin

37、g technology of the strategy is to customer-focused strategy: the economic crisis tends to encourage the growth of large-scale industrial upgrading and transformation, realize manufacturing machine tool industry as a ser

38、vice, the core is to the customer as the center, actively provide customers need personalized service. Therefore, from simple to sell products to provide the overall solution, from the technology as the center to take th

39、e customer as center into today's trends.</p><p>　　Contrast China products and China market demand is bigger, the product structure need to be quick adjustments: although China's machine tool industr

40、y keep sustained and rapid development for many years, but the industry and product structure unreasonable phenomenon still exists, the entire industry is big but not strong, is also a large number of high-end products r

41、ely on imports. Though domestic machine tool of the domestic market share has been improve to a certain extent, but the high-grade n</p><p>　　Needs to improve enterprise technology innovation mode: because o

42、f China's machine tool enterprises status, industrialization level and brand influence in gradually improve, to become an industrial powerhouse, its technology can no longer rely on others. In the past, Chinese go a

43、way from imitation to introduce, from now on to the road of independent innovation. Autonomy, enterprise technology meet new blockade, establish new, strategic innovation mode of production, study and was the only way t&

44、lt;/p><p>　　CNC machine tool industry in China will continue to structural adjustment of momentum, constantly to new products, new luminescent spot occupy a larger market. CNC cutting machine in cutting way can

45、 be divided into two categories, flame cutting and plasma cutting. With the constant improvement of the downstream industry demand, puts forward a greater demand on CNC machine tool accessories and higher requirements.&l

46、t;/p><p>　　Development of northeast area, the rest of the development is slow. Three is to effective structural adjustment to promote transformation. Experts believe that in the face of financial crisis, the en

47、terprise should constantly adjust structure, improve quality, increase the varieties, and promote industrial upgrading, and strengthen enterprise management, reduce the cost, so enterprise efficiency improved significant

48、ly. CNC cutting machine development trend of decorative, CNC cutting machine is m</p><p>　　Development of northeast area, the rest of the development is slow. Three is to effective structural adjustment to p

49、romote transformation. Experts believe that in the face of financial crisis, the enterprise should constantly adjust structure, improve quality, increase the varieties, and promote industrial upgrading, and strengthen en

50、terprise management, reduce the cost, so enterprise efficiency improved significantly. CNC cutting machine development trend of decorative, CNC cutting machine is m</p><p>　　Domestic nc machine tool enterpri

51、ses in order to enhance their own strength, to expand the international market, faster to take a variety of means to speed up and fusion of foreign enterprises in order to improve product quality, improve the competitive

52、ness. Continued to open up the United States, Japan and other countries market at the same time, in southeast Asia, the Middle East, Russia, Europe, Africa and so on also full bloom. It is understood that the current run

53、ning metal cutting CNC mach</p><p>　　CNC cutting machine tool industry has relied on to reduce the product cost for most businesses, the consequences is the product price is low, the low added value, low pro

54、fits, enterprises do not have enough capital to sustainable development. Along with the development of the industry and competition upgrade, improve product technology content, with independent patent, design, pay attent

55、ion to brand building and marketing is the best choice of the enterprise long-term development.</p><p>　　China machine tool industry in the past few years to realize the sustained development of ultra-high s

56、peed, until the first half of 2011, is still very strong demand, but starting from the second half of the year, significantly slowing demand growth, the new orders fell sharply, the economic situation gradually become se

57、rious, profit margins continued to decline.</p><p>　　During the "twelfth five-year", the state implemented a proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, along with the progress of science

58、and technology, product upgrade and national key projects, the advancement of local investment projects of the national economy industry demand for machine tools product level will increase further, defense modernization

59、 would be more urgent demand for high levels of machine tool, the market demand to develop to a higher level, a new round of competition</p><p>　　Due to the boom of industry downturn, the downstream manufact

60、uring enterprises fall in demand for machine tools, has been in the doldrums, China's machine tool industry upgrading transformation become keywords of industry in recent years, economical nc machine tools has become

61、 one of the highlights of the revitalization of equipment manufacturing industry.</p><p>　　Casting machine tool industry in China has made some achievements, but its development is still faced with many prob

62、lems conditionality, technology innovation has been the domestic casting machine tool industry's shortcomings. Compared with foreign casting machine tool industry, casting machine tool industry in China lags behind a

63、t the manufacturing level, which makes it run in the core parts of technical level and running speed, product accuracy stable, and the reliability of the machine tool h</p><p>　　Our casting machine tool ente

64、rprises lack the consciousness of independent innovation and the basic theory study and ability, it is restricting the development of China foundry machine tool technology, to change the status quo, to delve into the cha

65、racteristics and requirements of industry products process, combined with process characteristics developed a high level of processing equipment, at the same time, also pay attention to the basic theoretical research, so

66、 as to make casting machine too</p><p>　　Machine tool industry as a fundamental and strategic industry, in the "twelfth five-year" plan, has the independent innovation strategy as one of the main c

67、omponent, emphasized the need to support technology innovation project and lead the industry development. The development of China's machine tool industry must be based on the independent innovation, through independ

68、ent research and development innovation, introduction of technology digestion, absorption and innovation, integrate existing met</p><p>　　Technology development</p><p>　　High-speed, precision, c

69、omposite, intelligent and green is the general trend of nc machine tool technology development, in recent years, in the practical application and industrialization has made gratifying achievements. Mainly displays in:<

70、;/p><p>　　1, compound machine tool technology to further expand with nc machine tool technology, composite processing technology matures, including milling composite - car, car milling compound, car - boring -

71、drill - compound gear processing, grinding compound, forming composite processing, special composite processing, composite processing precision and efficiency is greatly increased. "A machine tool is a processing pl

72、ant", "a card, complete processing" idea is accepted by more people, such as compound</p><p>　　Intelligent technology have new breakthrough in 2, CNC machine tools, on the performance of the n

73、umerical control system gets more. Such as: automatic collision interference power function, the workpiece automatically when the power is out of safety protection function, the processing parts detection and automatic c

74、ompensation intelligent learning function, high precision machining parts, process parameter selection function, automatically eliminate machine tool vibration, and other functions in</p><p>　　3, robot flexi

75、ble combination is more efficient robot is widely used and the flexible combination of the host, making flexible line more flexible, further expansion of functions, flexible line further shorten, the efficiency is higher

76、. Robot, car milling compound machine tools and machining center, grinder, gear cutting machine tool, tool grinding machine, electric machine, sawing machine, punching machine, laser machine, water cutting machine and so

77、 on many kinds of forms of flexible units and </p><p>　　4, precision processing technology have made new progress CNC metal-cutting machine tool's machining accuracy has (0.01 mm) from the original yarn

78、to micron level (0.001 mm), some species has reached to 0.05 mu m or so. Ultra-precision CNC machine tool cutting and grinding, fine precision can achieve stable around 0.05 mu m, shape accuracy can reach 0.01 mu m or so

79、. Use the energy such as light, electricity, chemical special machining precision can reach nanoscale (0.001 microns). Through the ma</p><p>　　5, more functional unit performance features to high speed, high

80、 precision, high power and intelligent direction development, and achieved mature application. Full digital ac servo motor and drive device, high technology content of motorized spindle, torque motor, linear motor, high-

81、performance linear rolling components, features such as high precision spindle unit application, greatly improve the level of nc machine tool technology.</p><p>　　Development issues</p><p>　　Gro

82、wing domestic demand for CNC machine tools, the development of numerical control machine tool is the function of nc machine tool parts of innovation to upgrade. At present our country high-end CNC machine tool industry c

83、an't meet the needs of the domestic key features, and domestic nc feature industry mainly exist the following problems.</p><p>　　1, adaptability, and satisfaction is far can not meet the market demand<

84、;/p><p>　　From the developing trend of nc machine tools in China, domestic features of adaptability and satisfaction is far less than the demand of the market. Mainly displays in:</p><p>　　1) featu

85、re level of products in China and abroad have a certain gap. Our country majority mainly labor-intensive production features, technical content is low, difficult to adapt to the development of domestic CNC machine speed

86、and technical requirements, especially high-end CNC machine tools.</p><p>　　2) feature development ability is weak in our country, new product development speed is slow, most of the features needs to be deve

87、loped with foreign cooperation, cooperative production, joint venture, even only for assembly. Although the situation changes significantly over the past two years, high technology, the latest features, our country is st

88、ill in the process of development, market outlook is still not optimistic.</p><p>　　2, the small scale of nc feature production enterprises in China</p><p>　　According to statistics, China's

89、 fixed assets reached 10 million yuan of above features more than 70 production enterprises, less than 10% of the total production enterprises. Feature production enterprises in China "origin" has four kinds: o

90、ne is from research institutes, colleges and universities for technical support the development of enterprises, can be referred to as the "institutes". The characteristics of these enterprises is: there are cer

91、tain technical foundation and talent base, there</p><p>　　3, the core parts imported in large quantities</p><p>　　The development of China's CNC machine tool industry, China's CNC machin

92、e tool industry in 2008 completed the gross value of industrial output 3.4723 trillion yuan, product sales output value 334.83 billion yuan, year-on-year growth of 27.5% and 27.5% respectively. From 2002 to 2008 in China

93、 is the world's first consumer and importer of the machine. But behind the rapid development of the industry, one cannot ignore the fact that our country still had key parts production, the profit is not high</p&g

94、t;<p>　　Four security threat, lack of high technology content industry</p><p>　　Gratifying situation of the machine tool export growth for years in our country, but the quantity increase price decreas

95、es embarrassment directly reflects our level of technology. The lack of a large number of core technologies and key components rely on directly affect the security of machine tool industry in China. Therefore, we need to