建筑專業(yè)外文翻譯--智能建筑

1、<p><b>　　附錄二 英文原文</b></p><p>　　Intelligent Building</p><p><b>　　General</b></p><p>　　An Intelligent Building is one conceived and designed with an inte

2、grated flexible and modular communication cabling infrastructure capable of accommodating the needs of information intensive users for advanced information technology and services.</p><p>　　Ever increasing o

3、ccupation densities as well as the exponential development and quasi universal use of personal computers coupled to market globalization and communication capabilities, over the past 20 years, have rendered the Intellige

4、nt Building (IB) concept a priority consideration in the planning of new or upgradedOffice buildings.</p><p>　　Evolution towards new social priorities, for the more educated office worker of today, has also

5、led to substantial increases in environmental issue demands and standards. Social studies revealed a direct relationship between user satisfaction in the workplace and productivity. Individual control capability of ambie

6、nt conditions, at each work station, was identified as a major element leading to user satisfaction.</p><p>　　Technological developments and cost attenuations through technological development and product av

7、ailability have now rendered the Intelligent Building a viable and a justifiable option from a strict cost to benefit aspect.</p><p>　　2、Overview</p><p>　　Definitions for the Intelligent Buildin

8、g concept still vary but the most accepted description is the one produced by the Barcelona-based Institut defons Cerdà:“A building which incorporates information systems that support the flow of information through

9、out the building, offering advanced services of business automation and telecommunications, allowing furthermore automatic control,monitoring management and maintenance of the different subsystems or services of the buil

10、ding in an optimum and int</p><p>　　To the uninitiated, the perception of a building’s degree of intelligence is too often correlated with the sophistication level of its Energy Management and Control System

11、 (EMCS) and its Communications system. However, to be effective, it must also encompass its mechanical and electrical systems order to minimize costs and maximize efficiency. There would be little point in developing ide

12、al EMCS and its Communication systems for the occupants if HVAC, Lighting and other systems annot meet and sa</p><p>　　? High- speed fibre optic communication network trunk for data, video and BAS.</p>

13、<p>　　? Flexible HVAC system with modular distribution and 100% outdoor air</p><p>　　capability to take advantage of free cooling as well as to allow flushing of</p><p>　　the building to

14、dilute volatile off-gassing contaminants;</p><p>　　? Advanced integrated Energy Management & Control System (EMCS)</p><p>　　utilizing direct digital control technology for HVAC, Lighting, Fi

15、re Alarm and other building support systems;</p><p>　　? Dedicated circuit power distribution network complete with Uninterruptable Power Supply units;</p><p>　　? Generous standby power generatio

16、n;</p><p>　　? High efficiency filtration, energy recuperation and/or thermal storage features to improve indoor air quality and energy consumption performance;</p><p>　　? Networked multi-user ac

17、cess incorporating structured password protection;</p><p>　　? Maximum transparency and communication capabilities between subsystems;</p><p>　　? Electrical design features tailored to Intelligen

18、t Building;</p><p>　　? Individually controlled HVAC terminal units allowing occupant control flexibility through Intelligent Terminals Controllers at each workstation.</p><p>　　In retrofit build

19、ings we would expect variations of the above features based on an owning and operating economical analysis taking into account the existing services and the benefits ensuing through their replacement and/or upgrade. Majo

20、r retrofits, particularly those involving designs dating back 20 years or more, are generally dictated by a combination of the following:</p><p>　　? New code requirements,</p><p>　　? Updated ind

21、oor air quality standards,</p><p>　　? Revised energy efficiency guidelines,</p><p>　　? Increased internal electrical requirements associated to the generalized use of PCs.</p><p>　　

22、? Revised building use. </p><p>　　The average life cycle of most M&E installations is 20 years versus an average building life cycle of 50 years. These retrofits, therefore, often dictate a complete reva

23、mping of the existing M&E installations well before the building’s life cycle has expired. This frequently offers an opportunity to upgrade the building’s support systems to IB standards.</p><p><b>

24、;　　3、History</b></p><p>　　The IB concept surfaced in the early 80's and generally advocated extensive use of elaborate centralized electronic systems to facilitate control of building support and c

25、ommunication systems for voice and data. The initial concept promoted communication networks to allow centralized word processing services and limited interaction between individual occupants and the Building Automation

26、Systems through touch tone phones to override local HVAC set points and lighting schedules.Builders and owner</p><p>　　The Building Automation System and the Communication System industry as well as other sp

27、ecialized interest groups soon developed specific products and applications to meet and facilitate the implementation of the Intelligent Building concept. These developments coupled to the burgeoning Personal Computer ma

28、rket development have since reduced cost premiums drastically and greatly improved the ensuing benefits for Intelligent Buildings.The IB concept is now well accepted and applied in Europe, Asi</p><p>　　4、Fut

29、ure trends</p><p>　　The former Intelligent Building Institute (IBI) foundation advocated, a few years ago, a need to recognize, in future building designs, the transition from national economies to a combina

30、tion of local and global economies and therefore the need to facilitate each employee’s access to global communication networks. They predicted that information technology access will provide the biggest single impetus f

31、or change in the office environment. This prediction has now become a reality.</p><p>　　IBI also predicted that environmental issues and particularly Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) were becoming a primary concern

32、in the design of the new office buildings. Improved air filtration and increased air change were pinpointed as major concerns in addition to flexible ambient room condition control.</p><p>　　Other studies pe

33、rformed recently reveal that the use of Personal Environment Controllers formerly called Intelligent Terminal Controllers or has measurably increased occupant satisfaction in the workplace on a number of pilot project in

34、stallations. PECs are a combination of mechanical, electrical and control devices developed for the work station environment control and conceived to provide the occupant with the means to define and interact on temperat

35、ure set points, air flow volume and diffusio</p><p>　　5、Intelligent Building Model</p><p>　　The IB model structure has been subdivided into seven systems which may be interfaced to varying degre

36、es. These systems are...</p><p>　　·Heating Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system;</p><p>　　·Lighting System;</p><p>　　·Electrical Power Distribution system;&

37、lt;/p><p>　　·Vertical Transport System;</p><p>　　·Security System;</p><p>　　·Life Safety System;</p><p>　　·Communications System;</p><p>　

38、　The general objective of the Intelligent Building System is to regroup control of these subsystems and facilitate interchange between them to the maximum justifiable extent while maintaining maximal initial and future c

39、ompetitive bidding possibilities of each component as well as allowing dependent and timely upgrading of each system as new technologies evolve in its particular field.</p><p>　　The IB concept also attempts

40、to combine, wherever possible, the cabling networks for these subsystems in order to minimize costs and facilitate intercommunication or allow future upgrading.</p><p>　　Efforts are being deployed between AS

41、HRAE, IEEE, AEE and the computer industry to develop universal communication protocol standards. It is not expected, however, that universal standards will become a reality for another decade. The cabling structure must

42、therefore be conceived to accommodate the foreseeable requirements with minimal disturbance and cost when and if universal standards materialize. The favoured backbone communication cabling technology at this time favors

43、 fibre optic technology</p><p>　　6、 Facilities Management</p><p>　　number of facility management programs are available on the market. They vary in complexity as well as in their ability to inte

44、grate complex systems such as:</p><p>　　· CAD drawing records of floor and office layouts;</p><p>　　·Furniture inventory;</p><p>　　· Maintenance management programs f

45、or M&E equipment</p><p>　　· Preventive maintenance of building structures;</p><p>　　· Real time data acquisition on equipment run time;</p><p>　　· Dynamic energy

46、consumption totals per tenant;</p><p>　　· Historical data storage;</p><p>　　· Cost control and budgeting capabilities;</p><p>　　· Analytical programs.</p><

47、p>　　The Intelligent Building’s role in this system is to allow communication between the overall facility management program and specialized management sub-programs such as the EMCS, the M & E Maintenance Manageme

48、nt or the Preventive Maintenance to gather data or convey user complaints. his communication flexibility in IB installations allows the allocation of specific management systems on the basis of areas of specialization,&l

49、t;/p><p>　　competencies or individual buildings of a complex while maintaining capabilities for overall centralization of data and control.</p><p>　　The IB communication capabilities can also facil

50、itate interchange withaccounting or other Networks to import or export pertinent data whether inhouse or outsourced.</p><p>　　7、Conclusions</p><p>　　The Intelligent Building concept represents a

51、 new trend in office building planning and one more step towards the future through added flexibility and adaptation to market and communication globalization. This concept regroups worker and building management needs i

52、n a common and manageable communication infrastructure. The basic IB objective is improve worker satisfaction and productivity through enhanced work space environment and communication capabilities.Including the IB conce

53、pt in the initi</p><p>　　Full implementation of all IB systems may not be necessary in the initial fit-up of a building. It is, however, mandatory to recognize the basic overall concept and implement a full

54、 communication cabling back bone structure from the onset in order to accommodate future user needs. The communication back bone must be distributed to strategically located communication rooms (Telco rooms) on each floo

55、r as part of the initial design.Subsequent floor distribution associated to any new or upgraded IB</p><p><b>　　附錄三 中文譯文</b></p><p><b>　　智能建筑</b></p><p><

56、b>　　1、簡(jiǎn)介 </b></p><p>　　智能建筑是要求有一個(gè)綜合布線和靈活模塊化的通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，通過先進(jìn)的信息技術(shù)和密集的信息服務(wù)用戶來實(shí)現(xiàn)。要求具有先進(jìn)的信息技術(shù)和設(shè)計(jì)能力服務(wù)于密集的信息用戶。</p><p>　　隨著居住密度不斷增長(zhǎng)，以及發(fā)展指數(shù)的增加，在過去20年來市場(chǎng)的全球化和通信的廣泛應(yīng)用，個(gè)人電腦的普遍使用，已經(jīng)使智能建筑（IB）的概念，首先考慮

57、在規(guī)劃新辦公樓或者提升辦公樓的智能化。</p><p>　　隨著社會(huì)辦公樓的演變，由于今天越來越多的教育工作者，導(dǎo)致了環(huán)境問題，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大幅增加。社會(huì)研究表明了住戶對(duì)工作場(chǎng)所的滿意度與生產(chǎn)力的直接關(guān)系，單獨(dú)控制的環(huán)境條件下，每個(gè)工作站的能力被確定為導(dǎo)致用戶滿意度的一項(xiàng)重要內(nèi)容。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展，通過技術(shù)開發(fā)和產(chǎn)品供應(yīng)的成本已呈現(xiàn)衰減，智能化應(yīng)該從一個(gè)可行的和從嚴(yán)格的成本效益方面合理選擇。</p><

58、p><b>　　2、 概述</b></p><p>　　智能建筑的概念定義有所不同，但最被接受的描述仍然是由巴塞羅那的研究所的塞爾達(dá)描述的那樣：“一個(gè)建筑物結(jié)合信息的系統(tǒng)，支持整個(gè)大樓的信息流通，為客戶提供先進(jìn)的服務(wù)和自動(dòng)化業(yè)務(wù)通信，能夠進(jìn)行自動(dòng)控制，監(jiān)測(cè)和綜合業(yè)務(wù)的本地或遠(yuǎn)程管理，具有不同的子系統(tǒng)或樓宇設(shè)備，并有足夠的靈活性，旨在用一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單經(jīng)濟(jì)的方式使一個(gè)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p>

59、;<p>　　對(duì)于一個(gè)外行人士來說，對(duì)一個(gè)建筑的智能化程度的看法往往是在其資源管理、控制系統(tǒng)（EMCS）及其通信系統(tǒng)的復(fù)雜程度來看，然而，最重要的是還是其機(jī)械系統(tǒng)及電力系統(tǒng)來降低成本和提高效率，在理想的機(jī)械設(shè)備系統(tǒng)、監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)及通信系統(tǒng)中，對(duì)于暖通空調(diào)，照明以及其它系統(tǒng)，我們希望做到以下幾點(diǎn)</p><p>　　（1）高速的光纖通信數(shù)據(jù)，視頻和BAS網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主干;</p><p>

60、;　?。?）靈活的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)采用模塊化分布和100％的室外空氣交換。以及能利用自然冷卻將揮發(fā)性有毒氣體稀釋</p><p>　?。?）先進(jìn)的綜合資源管理與控制系統(tǒng)（EMCS），對(duì)空調(diào)，照明，消防報(bào)警等設(shè)備及其系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行直接數(shù)字控制;</p><p>　?。?）具有專用電路配電網(wǎng)絡(luò)能夠滿足不間斷電源設(shè)備;</p><p>　?。?）充足的備用發(fā)電;</p>

61、<p>　　（6）過濾效率高，能量恢復(fù)和儲(chǔ)存熱量功能，以改善室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量和滿足能源消耗;</p><p>　?。?）多用戶訪問網(wǎng)絡(luò) 其中納入密碼保護(hù)機(jī)構(gòu);</p><p>　　（8）最大的透明度和子系統(tǒng)之間的通信能力;</p><p>　?。?）電氣設(shè)計(jì)特點(diǎn)針對(duì)智能建筑;</p><p>　　單獨(dú)控制的空調(diào)末端裝置，允許在每個(gè)站點(diǎn)，

62、乘員通過智能終端控制器控制的靈活的控制，我們期望擁有一個(gè)經(jīng)營(yíng)經(jīng)濟(jì)分析的規(guī)劃，考慮現(xiàn)有的服務(wù)和利益，并通過他們進(jìn)行更換，隨后根據(jù)以上特點(diǎn)的變化或升級(jí)，進(jìn)行改造。特別是那些涉及設(shè)計(jì)，可以追溯到20年或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，一般都是出于對(duì)以下組合：</p><p><b>　　新的規(guī)范要求，</b></p><p>　?。?）更新室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，</p><p&g

63、t;　　（2）經(jīng)修訂的能源效率準(zhǔn)則，</p><p>　　（3）增加相關(guān)的普遍使用的個(gè)人電腦內(nèi)部的電氣要求。</p><p>　?。?）經(jīng)修訂建筑用途</p><p>　　大多數(shù)機(jī)電設(shè)備的平均壽命周期是20比建筑平均壽命周期50年短。因此，往往在該建筑的生命周期已經(jīng)過期之前對(duì)現(xiàn)有的機(jī)電裝置完成改造。這往往提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，以提高建筑的支撐系統(tǒng)的智能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p&

64、gt;<p><b>　　3、歷史</b></p><p>　　智能建筑的概念在80年代初出現(xiàn)的，一般主張制定集中的電子系統(tǒng)及廣泛使用，以促進(jìn)支持和語(yǔ)音和數(shù)據(jù)通信系統(tǒng)的控制的發(fā)展。最初的概念推廣，出現(xiàn)了通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的文字處理服務(wù)，集中有限的互動(dòng)音頻電話，通過人與人之間的溝通，住戶樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)覆蓋暖通空調(diào)系統(tǒng)和照明系統(tǒng)，發(fā)展智能建筑，盡管成本很高，在那個(gè)時(shí)候，只能建筑這種威嚴(yán)能提高

65、租金及建筑的價(jià)值。</p><p>　　樓宇自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)和通信系統(tǒng)的行業(yè)的發(fā)展，以及其他專業(yè)人士很快制定了具體的產(chǎn)品和應(yīng)用，滿足了智能建筑的實(shí)施。在加上蓬勃發(fā)展的個(gè)人電腦市場(chǎng)發(fā)展的這些事態(tài)，大幅度降低了成本，大大提高智能建筑的蓬勃發(fā)展，智能大廈的概念隨之被接受而一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，在歐洲，亞洲和北美廣泛應(yīng)用。</p><p><b>　　4、未來趨勢(shì)</b></p&g

66、t;<p>　　先前，智能建筑學(xué)會(huì)（IBI）基金會(huì)倡導(dǎo)，幾年后有必要認(rèn)識(shí)到，在未來的建筑設(shè)計(jì)中從本地經(jīng)濟(jì)過渡到國(guó)家及全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的結(jié)合，因此有必要促進(jìn)每個(gè)員工的進(jìn)入全球通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)，他們預(yù)言，信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展將會(huì)是辦公環(huán)境變化的最大動(dòng)力。這一預(yù)測(cè)已成為現(xiàn)實(shí)。</p><p>　　IBI還預(yù)測(cè)環(huán)境問題，特別是室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量（IAQ）正在成為一個(gè)新的辦公建筑設(shè)計(jì)的首要任務(wù)。改進(jìn)和增加空氣過濾除了靈活的室溫條件下控制

67、的主要問題。</p><p>　　最近進(jìn)行的一些研究表明，環(huán)境控制器，以前稱為智能終端控制器，已適當(dāng)?shù)卦黾恿斯ぷ鲌?chǎng)所設(shè)施的試點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目，在此居住者表示滿意。首先，他是一種機(jī)械，工作車站的環(huán)境控制裝置的組合，構(gòu)思著發(fā)展乘員的手段來定義和互動(dòng)溫度設(shè)定點(diǎn)，空氣流動(dòng)量和擴(kuò)散模式，燈光亮度，以及性能和用戶滿意度。這些研究有相關(guān)的產(chǎn)業(yè)來提高智能終端控制器的用途。</p><p><b>　　5、

68、智能建筑的模型</b></p><p>　　智能建筑模型結(jié)構(gòu)已被細(xì)分為七個(gè)不同程度的系統(tǒng)。這些系統(tǒng)是：</p><p>　?。?）通風(fēng)和空調(diào)系統(tǒng);</p><p><b>　?。?）照明系統(tǒng);</b></p><p>　?。?）供配電配電系統(tǒng);</p><p>　?。?）縱向輸送系統(tǒng);

69、</p><p><b>　?。?）安防系統(tǒng);</b></p><p>　?。?）生命安全系統(tǒng);</p><p>　　（7）信息交換系統(tǒng);</p><p>　　在智能建筑系統(tǒng)的總體目標(biāo)是重組這些子系統(tǒng)的控制，促進(jìn)它們之間的交換，達(dá)到合理的最大限度，同時(shí)保持每個(gè)組件的最大初始化和未來的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，即使的跟新，及時(shí)的升級(jí)，以及使

70、各系統(tǒng)技術(shù)發(fā)展在其特定領(lǐng)域。</p><p>　　智能建筑的學(xué)術(shù)還應(yīng)該交流，盡可能地發(fā)展這些子系統(tǒng)的布線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以便降低成本和促進(jìn)互通或進(jìn)行升級(jí)。</p><p>　　目前正在努力ASHRAE之間部署，符合IEEE，AEE和計(jì)算機(jī)行業(yè)發(fā)展的普遍通信協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。這不是預(yù)期的，但是，一個(gè)普遍的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將成為下一個(gè)十年的現(xiàn)實(shí)。因此必須設(shè)想用最少的干擾，以適應(yīng)預(yù)見的需求和成本要求。如果通用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)現(xiàn)。主干通

71、信電纜的青睞于光纖，此時(shí)有利于光纖技術(shù)，因?yàn)樗哂懈咚偻ㄐ诺臐摿Α?lt;/p><p><b>　　6、設(shè)施管理</b></p><p>　　設(shè)施管理程序的數(shù)量在市場(chǎng)上是可得到的，他們?cè)趶?fù)雜化、多樣化及整體化系統(tǒng)的功能如下：</p><p>　?。?）CAD圖紙及及辦公室布置記錄</p><p><b>　　（2）

72、家具庫(kù)存</b></p><p>　?。?）提供機(jī)電設(shè)備的維護(hù)管理方案</p><p>　?。?）建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)防性維護(hù)</p><p>　?。?）實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集獲得設(shè)備運(yùn)行時(shí)間</p><p>　?。?）每租戶的動(dòng)態(tài)能源消耗量</p><p><b>　?。?）存儲(chǔ)歷史數(shù)據(jù)</b><

73、;/p><p>　　（8）成本控制和預(yù)算的能力</p><p><b>　?。?）程序分析</b></p><p>　　智能建筑在系統(tǒng)中的作用是允許整體設(shè)施管理程序和專門的管理小組之間的交流，專門的管理小組如機(jī)電設(shè)備監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、機(jī)電維修的管理或用來采集數(shù)據(jù)和傳達(dá)用戶投訴的預(yù)防性維護(hù)措施。</p><p>　　他在智能建筑設(shè)備中

74、的通信靈活性允許在專業(yè)領(lǐng)域的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)具體管理系統(tǒng)的分配， 也表現(xiàn)了在一個(gè)復(fù)雜的個(gè)體建筑中有為數(shù)據(jù)和控制的整體集中的維護(hù)能力</p><p>　　智能建筑的通信能力也可方便轉(zhuǎn)乘計(jì)或到其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)，以進(jìn)口或出口是否內(nèi)含或外包相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。</p><p><b>　　7、結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　智能建筑的理念應(yīng)用在辦公建筑規(guī)劃的新趨勢(shì)，向未來邁進(jìn)

75、了一步，通過更大的靈活性和適應(yīng)全球化的市場(chǎng)進(jìn)行溝通，這個(gè)理念重新組合了建筑工人的共同管理需求和通信基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。只能建筑的基本目標(biāo)是加強(qiáng)溝通能力和生產(chǎn)力，提高工人的工作滿意度和空間環(huán)境。包括在現(xiàn)代辦公樓初步規(guī)劃階段，興業(yè)的理念將提供大量的靈活性，特別是在生活中長(zhǎng)期的溝通密集用戶的建設(shè)。在大多數(shù)情況下，它會(huì)降低住戶裝修成本，并增強(qiáng)靈活性及管理能力，同時(shí)減少資源消耗。</p><p>　　所有智能建筑的全面實(shí)施，可能沒有

76、必要裝修建筑物了。但是，強(qiáng)制性確認(rèn)在整體上基本概念和實(shí)行全面通信電纜，從一開始主干結(jié)構(gòu)，以適應(yīng)未來的用戶需求。主干通信必須分發(fā)到各個(gè)位置的通訊室在各樓層（電信間）作為初始設(shè)計(jì)的一部分。其后樓的分配與任何新的智能系統(tǒng)都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)，通過以最小的切割和修補(bǔ)來吊頂空間。智能建筑的意義必須加以分析，為每個(gè)獨(dú)立建筑或裝修必須考慮到所有獲得的益處，包括提高生產(chǎn)力，靈活性，提高舒適性和工人的滿意度以及對(duì)建筑物的壽命周期預(yù)測(cè)潛在的未來儲(chǔ)蓄。智能建筑基本在的