建筑專業(yè)外文翻譯----大學校園規(guī)劃的整體設計

1、<p>　　The Overall Design of University Campus Planning</p><p>　　With the deepening of reform opening up, China’s higher education undertakings have developed unprecedently. A large number of new schools

2、, new campus is setting up constantly.</p><p>　　Campus building is not complex, but at here aborigine gestates hopes and dreams, It includes campus atmosphere planning, the ideal method is introduce urban de

3、sign into campus design. In this process, the key is not planning and design the building’s concrete shape, but set the rules of the game, contains architectural space and to control elements, and the implementation meth

4、ods, advocate public participation, and established a set of mechanisms can be constantly perfect. Especially the main us</p><p>　　The region of old school buildings in integration, should make up the defici

5、ency in function, integration inter and outer in space, and let construction of different times be in a harmony. And besides function and form, should be more spiritual and cultural connotation, so the proposed the overa

6、ll concept of university campus design planning.</p><p>　　A university campus design planning concept</p><p>　?、?functional partition: With the change of higher education, the scale of universit

7、y emphasizes on each functional partition strictly, in fact already cannot satisfy the use of students and teachers. And ask to functional area, permeability and blending with each other, must use the idea of "human

8、-oriented".</p><p>　?、ampus features: In the new campus planning inherits university culture; regional characteristic reflects their school humane spirit and characteristic of campus environment.</p

9、><p>　?、?ecological environment: With large-scale construction of campus, design planning should combine with nature and make full use of natural conditions, the protection and construction of ecology system of

10、 campus. Create ecological and garden-like campus environment.</p><p>　?、?the sustainable development: The campus planning should give full consideration to the future development, make planning structure di

11、versity, coordination, and elastic, adapt to changes in the future, and satisfy the sustainable development.</p><p>　　In campus design should also do: </p><p>　　⑴ single building should coordina

12、te with each other and mutual dialogue and have the organic relation, to form a road elevation and outer space overall continuity</p><p>　?、?from the integral style of campus building, building or landscape

13、should have organic order to become a unit of whole system,</p><p>　?、?outer space and the architectural space design is inseparable, landscape architecture design planning, should be an important work in th

14、e development of campus construction.</p><p>　　B The principle of university campus design concept</p><p>　　Generally principle is the consider university campus for a large scale multi-function

15、al abstraction of the living environment.</p><p>　　Macro level -- the whole space environment as the object</p><p>　　Stylist wants to build for the whole land space environment as design object

16、and the ultimate goal, he should pay attention to the whole life space, campus cultural environment.</p><p>　?、?Make clear that overall design of each zone, analysis basis, teaching concept, base point to th

17、e dial. The whole design of the important point clear to grasp the important contradiction in design, prominent main characteristics, and clearly from the inherent logic elements link, which explicitly each design elemen

18、ts should follow the rules of the key and the unity of the whole guarantee.</p><p>　?、?Inter-restrict circulation in thinking process</p><p>　　The thinking process of campus design is multiply c

19、omprehensive process, consider from design building in architectural design, considered from outer space structure, turn from considering building for planning, landscape architecture planning requirements and outer spac

20、e. In the overall design of the four parts, should are interdependent, and in every design stage should give consideration to other design stage.</p><p>　　Micro level--optimize the exterior space of group bu

21、ilding in the campus in integral design, should achieve group building’s exterior space and peripheral to the holistic effect. Optimization form of outer space:</p><p>　?、?outer space in architectural design

22、 in groups, you should always be supporting architecture as the external space as the main body, according to the relationship between the building and the diagram, analyze the external space closed form and contact and

23、continuity.</p><p>　?、?pleasant activities external space of combined with external space, emphasize the outer space, should according to the park's involvement in the style and atmosphere of human life,

24、 some function space, planning to affect people's life style, and improve the status of the outer space and combining outer space with common contribution to the overall environment.</p><p>　　ⅲ The micro

25、 level-- reconstruction grey space and build space, "grey space" refers to the color, on the other hand, the means of excessive space between indoor space, but its existence in a certain extent efface building

26、internal boundaries, make both become an whole organic. The unity and design of space create consistent buildings, eliminates internal and external space estrangement, give a person a kind of natural organic whole feelin

27、g. For the whole design, the design of space and transition</p><p>　　The so-called "build" relative to the architectural space, defined in architectural design specification of the requirements of

28、the necessary space for function and form of the rally places, such as the wall space outspread, erect, frame, marks, etc. Build space for the building space, although cannot have direct function, but they often for buil

29、ding indoor outspread, and the blending parts, have important significance to people  perception experience and continuity..</p><p>　?、?Campus design principle of adaptive construction</p><p&

30、gt;　　(a) Times function of campus</p><p>　?、?the cultural atmosphere, towards the digitalizing. On one hand, the socialization of logistic market leading campus building management problems, on the other han

31、d, the campus culture and sports resources open to the society, the influence to planning layout and traffic management.</p><p>　　ⅱ knowledge economy demands that the talented person who talented took a new

32、turn. Life is a social re-education, adult education college as adjunct functionality of university is production-teaching-research combination, and research services to the society.</p><p>　　ⅲ construct and

33、 adjustment, merger, joint is the main principle in the new period of education reform, its purpose lies in resources complementary advantages and multi-disciplinary university to a higher level to provide good opportuni

34、ty. Thus campus design will be necessary to strengthen teaching center of centralized distribution, the reform of department of environmental layout, closed independent benefit sharing resources and subject to individual

35、 independence, communication patterns on the </p><p>　　ⅳ The connotation of higher education from traditional teacher talk to student's unilateral infusion to take the student as the main body, with huma

36、n development and training center for open education transformation, this trend in campus design requirement of strengthening emphasizes on the thought of "people-oriented", emphasize on foot, scale, the space

37、between man and nature, and interpersonal communication, not only emphasize the main teaching space, whole campus student life space should be</p><p>　?、? The cohesion of whole campus center</p><p

38、>　　The main characteristic of early modern campus buildings is around a central plaza formed the axis of the relationship between 6 square, library or other road leading building in axis.</p><p>　?、?The c

39、enter square and the leading construction square became the landmark campus, large-scale public space communication square, and strengthen the characteristics of campus, because one cognitive or overall scattered relativ

40、ely, messy, so the form of center is good to form sense of wholeness.</p><p>　　ⅱ Optimize the layout of traditional center square, emphasizing humanization of modern campus space. Thus can abandon the campus

41、 center square layout in early times, the coldness and the rigorous of nonhuman when contact with the open space in keeping with the sun, combining with soft and hard lay, pleasant dimension of outdoor, furniture, shrubs

42、 stair and asymmetric steps, the contact space layout surround close, make not only for large gathering, and the rich leisure reading for ordinary cohes</p><p>　　⑴ The single architectural creation of campus

43、 planning shall be coordinated with the surrounding environment, and reflects the character of architecture and itself.</p><p>　?、?Notice reasonable function, the versatile, openness, comprehensive and flexi

44、bility of the building exactly shows the design idea of "people-oriented embody".</p><p>　　⑶ The design emphasis on space communication between inside and outside, permeate and create different lev

45、el of the communication space.</p><p>　?、?Architecture design emphasizes on the regional, culture, the elegant, atmosphere, rational, in order to reflect the spirit of university culture.</p><p>

46、;　　The integrity of campus planning</p><p>　　Integrity of campus design planning means not only the development of in the early, the recent and the long-term both have integrity, and the future of campus in

47、the integrity of the extended binding.</p><p>　?、?create flexible, expand convenient and flexible growing campus structure with certain proportion is the function of the land, the land and long-term elastic

48、can be restricted according to the original composition and maintain overall unity.</p><p>　　ⅱ should be considered in the design of around the direction of development, the land can be used trend of linear

49、layout and the type of divergence or composition.</p><p>　　Inside campus space integration of landscape garden</p><p>　　The internal space blends, emphasize on the communication space. College c

50、ampus is not only to impart knowledge functions of education, but also improve disposition, exercise and all-round development of living environment. The outer space design uses "building into garden". Make out

51、er space is outspread, become the space in the interior design in architectural theory "landscape", make person indoors but like in outdoor garden, can enjoy green ecological environment.</p><p>　　

52、In addition it can blend in western modern landscape design techniques such as:</p><p>　?、?large open spaces: Center the flower-bed, sinking square, open-air theatre, platform, courtyard, etc.</p><

53、;p>　　⑵ medium open spaces: Such as the waterfront space, outdoor platform, roof garden, empty space etc.</p><p>　?、?small open spaces: Corridor, flower, outdoor furniture, greening surround close, buildin

54、g grey space, etc.</p><p>　　⑷ multi-level open spaces.</p><p>　?、?the integration of campus cultural style.</p><p>　　A university campus culture should be the unity of the style. Th

55、e culture has its special style and the humanities spirit, in the design reflect the personality traits must take into consideration.</p><p>　?、?combine with local features of regional culture in university

56、of build character. As Hong Kong lingnan college, etc. </p><p>　?、?combine with the characteristics of university education or historical context or university create personality. Such as Stanford university

57、 in American.</p><p>　?、?the individual character style with architects created the individual character style, such as university of Singapore polytechnic.</p><p>　?、?as the whole continuity on

58、 the premise that local characteristic changes. </p><p>　　The image of University campus architecture is different from other commercial buildings, the commercial buildings are required to do unconventional

59、or unorthodox, self break-through, fashion. At first give impact on the visual, while university architecture is bearing the university students' humanities history, is the place of knowledge, and accept elegant, sim

60、ple, solemn and nature should be its nature. In return for the green design and pure form is its vivid signs, with functions and spatia</p><p>　　Ⅳ Architecture in design planning the shaping of the integrity

61、</p><p>　　Campus culture and emotion construction</p><p>　　An ideal university campus should be composed by the beautiful material environment, should make it complement, rich and unity with eac

62、h other.</p><p>　　The so-called "emotion zone", is in physical space, space by certain emotional, physical space is not necessarily the emotional feeling stressed emotion space, this kind of space

63、is the leading role, and the architecture and environment, only to have emotional space after own the real soul, and occasionally get embodies completeness and unity can be seen.</p><p>　　An attractive, infe

64、ctious, can subtly education reform of university campus, must have the typical abundant emotion, and physical space composed of university campus. It is the combination of all kinds of emotion, and determines our univer

65、sity campus environment and campus culture, the overall impression of campus culture is an important part. Lack emotional space campus is an incomplete campus, the integrity will be ruined of the campus.</p><p

66、>　?、?landscape design and campus activities</p><p>　　People often say "architecture is the music", therefore, the habit of thinking people in architectural design is static. Size, scale, proport

67、ion, color and space becomes the most commonly used words, architect diagram of architectural design performance express intention to become the most commonly used method, but if we put attention to construction of build

68、ings still in place of the people and places with people in the activity. Concern people and integrity of building campus will be more inte</p><p><b>　　Summary:</b></p><p>　　Universi

69、ty campus construction is different from ordinary architectural design, the urban planning is different from general, has its particularity, first, it is not a single building or a complex house building, but hundreds of

70、 thousands of meters of land single function of architecture, the second, it does not involve the complicated social politics, economy, and tens of thousands of for urban resources allocation of square kilometers, but re

71、latively simple, functional clues for decades to mil</p><p>　　In the process of campus design planning, the architecture, environment, people should be combined, as a whole design, make the university campus

72、 become a complete combination.</p><p>　　大學校園規(guī)劃的整體設計</p><p>　　隨改革開放的不斷深入，我國的高等教育事業(yè)也得到了空前的發(fā)展。一大批新學校、新校區(qū)在不斷的建立。</p><p>　　校園建筑并不復雜，但這里孕育著莘莘學子的希望和夢想。這種包涵校園氛圍的規(guī)劃，較理想的做法是可將城市設計的方法引入校園設計。在

73、此過程中，重點并非是規(guī)劃與設計具體形態(tài)的建筑，而是一整套游戲規(guī)則，這里包含對空間和單體建筑控制要素，以及執(zhí)行方法，提倡公眾參與，建立一套可以不斷完善的機制。尤其是使用的主體人群師生們的意見應當受到重視。老校區(qū)的整合，應使建筑在功能上的不足得到彌補，整合建筑內外空間，并使不同年代的建筑生動的融和再一起。且除功能和形式，更應該精神和文化內涵，所以提出了大學校園規(guī)劃設計的整體觀。</p><p>　　一大學校園規(guī)劃設計

74、理念</p><p>　　1功能分區(qū)：隨著高等教育理念的變化，學校規(guī)模的發(fā)嚴格強調高校內各大功能分區(qū)，事實上已不能滿足對學生、老師的使用要求。而要使各功能區(qū)域之間相互交融、滲透，就必須運用“以人為本”的理念。</p><p>　　2校園特色：在新校區(qū)規(guī)劃中傳承大學文化、地域特色造反映各自學校人文精神和特色的校園環(huán)境。</p><p>　　3生態(tài)環(huán)境：隨著校園的大規(guī)模

75、建設，規(guī)劃設計中應結自然和充分利用自然條件，保護和構建校園的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。創(chuàng)造生態(tài)化、園林化的校園環(huán)境。</p><p>　　4可持續(xù)發(fā)展：校園規(guī)劃應充分考慮到未來的發(fā)展，使規(guī)劃結構多樣、協(xié)調、富有彈性，適應未來變化，滿足可持續(xù)發(fā)展。</p><p>　　在校園整體設計中還應：</p><p>　　1）建筑單體之間應相互協(xié)調、相互對話和有機關聯(lián)，以形成道路立面和外部空間

76、的整體連續(xù)性</p><p>　　2）從校園整體風格出發(fā)，建筑物或景觀應該具有有機秩序并成為系統(tǒng)整體中的一個單元，</p><p>　　3）外部空間和建筑空間的設計是不可分的，規(guī)劃建筑景觀設計，應成為校園建設發(fā)展中的一項重要工作。</p><p>　　二校園整體設計觀的普遍性原則</p><p>　　普遍性原則就是把大學校園抽象為一個多功能相

77、當規(guī)模的人居環(huán)境研究。</p><p>　　宏觀層次——以整體空間環(huán)境營造為對象</p><p>　　設計師要以整體用地空間環(huán)境營造為設計對象和最終目標，他應關注校園區(qū)的整個生活空間，人文環(huán)境。</p><p>　　1明晰整體設計的重要出發(fā)點每一個園區(qū)的整體設計中，要分析基地，教學理念等，撥出設計的切入點。明晰整體設計的重要出發(fā)點有利于在設計中把握重要矛盾，突出主體

78、特點明確主從關系，并提出各個要素聯(lián)系的內在邏輯和方式，從而明確各個設計要素應遵循和突出的重點規(guī)則保證整體統(tǒng)一的方向。</p><p>　　2相互制約的循環(huán)思維過程</p><p>　　校園整體設計的思維過程多向循環(huán)的綜合過程，即從建筑設計出發(fā)考慮規(guī)劃，從外部空間結構考慮規(guī)劃，再反過來從規(guī)劃要求考慮建筑，景觀和外部空間。在整體設計中這四個部分，應該是相互制約的，在每一個設計階段都要兼顧其他設

79、計階段。</p><p>　　中觀層次——優(yōu)化群體建筑外部空間在校園整體設計中，應使群體建筑外部空間與其周邊達到整體性的效果。優(yōu)化外部空間的形式：</p><p>　　1．外部空間主體化在群體建筑設計中，應當時常將建筑作為配角，將外部空間作為主體，根據(jù)建筑和圖底的關系，著重分析外部空間圍合的形態(tài)和聯(lián)系，以及連續(xù)性。</p><p>　　2．外部空間宜人化將人的活動和

80、外部空間結合起來，強調外部空間的參與性，應根據(jù)園區(qū)的格調與生活氛圍人為的策劃出一些功能空間，既對人們的生活方式產生影響，又有益于提高外部空間的地位，使內外空間相結合共同貢獻于整體環(huán)境。</p><p>　　3.微觀層次——重構灰空間和構筑空間“灰空間”一方面指色彩，另一方面指介于室內外的過度空間，它的存在卻在一定程度上抹去了建筑內外部的界限，使兩者成為一個有機整體?？臻g的連貫和設計的統(tǒng)一創(chuàng)造出內外一致的建筑，消除

81、了內外空間的隔閡，給人一種自然的有機的整體感覺。對于整體的設計而言，過渡性空間的考慮與設計顯的十分突出，通過灰空間對建筑物的虛化處理，如果用聯(lián)廊，平臺，立面的洞，室外樓梯，步行橋等增加空間和層次</p><p>　　所謂“構筑”空間相對于建筑空間而言，定義為在建筑設計任務書要求的必要的功能空間之外的，為集結場所感而形成的空間，如墻體的延伸，立拄，框架，標志，塔等。構筑空間為非建筑空間，雖不能有直接功能作用，但它們

82、常常為建筑的延伸，以及室內外交融的部分，對人的知覺體驗連續(xù)性和場所感的形成具有重要意義。</p><p>　　三校園整體設計適應性建構原則</p><p>　?。ㄒ唬┬@功能時代化</p><p>　　1持文化氛圍，又要走向開放化。一方面，后勤市場社會化管理為校園建筑帶來問題，另一方面，校園文化、體育資源向社會開放，對規(guī)劃布局和交通管理的影響。</p>

83、<p>　　2知識經濟使人才知識的要求發(fā)生了新的轉變。一是終身再教育成為社會的要求，成人教育學院作為大學附屬功能應運而生，二是產學研一體化，科研成果服務于社會。</p><p>　　3“共建、調整、合并、聯(lián)合”新時期教育改革的八字方針，其目的在于資源優(yōu)勢互補及多學科的綜合為大學向更高層次發(fā)展提供良好的機會。因而校園設計將有必要加強教學中心區(qū)的集中布局，改革各系封閉獨立環(huán)境的布置，以利于資源共享和學科交

84、流可以個體獨立，大體集中的布局模式達到高效，便捷的智能性教學環(huán)境。</p><p>　　4高等教育的內涵由傳統(tǒng)的教師對學生的單向灌輸向以學生為主體的，以人的發(fā)展和素質培養(yǎng)為中心的開放式教育轉化，這一趨勢要求在校園設計中加強強調“以人為本”的思想，強調步行空間，人的尺度，以及人與自然，人與人的交流，不僅僅強調主要的教學空間，整個校園的學生生活空間都應作為一個整體受到重視。</p><p>　

85、　二）校園中心整體凝聚力的形成</p><p>　　早期現(xiàn)代校園其主要特點是建筑群圍繞一個中心廣場形成嚴整的軸線關系廣場四周柱廊相連，圖書館或其他主導建筑位于軸線一端。</p><p>　　1中心廣場與廣場盡端標志性主導建筑成為校園主廣場，大型交往公共空間，并強化了校園特色上午認知性，由于一體或整體相對分散、零亂，所以中心感的形成有利于整體感形成。</p><p>

86、　　2對傳統(tǒng)中心廣場布局的優(yōu)化，現(xiàn)代校園強調人性化空間。因而可以摒棄早期校園中心廣場規(guī)劃布局中嚴謹?shù)妮S線關系，冷漠感和非人的尺度，在保持與陽光綠化接觸的開闊空間的同時，以軟硬鋪地相結合，宜人尺度的室外、家具、灌木臺階，以及非對稱布局圍合的交往空間，使之成為不僅僅供大型集會，且供平時休閑讀書的富有凝聚力的校園中心。此外單體建筑還應反映大學校園建筑的特征，使其統(tǒng)一和諧。</p><p>　　1）單體建筑的創(chuàng)作應當與校

87、園總體規(guī)劃協(xié)調，與周邊環(huán)境融合，并反映自身建筑的個性。</p><p>　　2）注重功能的合理，建筑具有通用性、開放性、綜合性、靈活性真正體現(xiàn)“以人為本”的設計思想。</p><p>　　3）計注重內外空間的交流，滲透創(chuàng)造不同層次的交往空間。</p><p>　　4）建筑設計強調地域性、文化性，造型典雅、大氣、富有理性，以反映大學文化之精神。</p>

88、<p>　?。ㄈ┬@規(guī)劃的歷時整體性</p><p>　　校園規(guī)劃的歷時整體性指校園設計不僅僅在首期、近期、遠期的發(fā)展上均有完整性，同時對校園的未來在擴展的整體性具有約束力。</p><p>　　1創(chuàng)造使用靈活，擴展方便的彈性生長型校園結構，各功能區(qū)均留有一定比例的遠期用地和彈性用地，并可依據(jù)原有構圖制約而保持整體統(tǒng)一性。</p><p>　　2設計中應

89、考慮周圍可能用地發(fā)展的方向，可采用趨勢性極強的線性布局或發(fā)散型及完型構圖方式。</p><p>　?。ㄋ模┬@內外部空間整體化——景觀園的園林</p><p>　　內外部空間的交融，強調空間的交往性。大學校園不僅是傳授知識職能的教育場所，也是陶冶性情、操身全面發(fā)展的生活環(huán)境。其外部空間設計可學用“建筑融于園景”。使外部空間成為建筑空間的延伸，在內部空間設計可學用“園林融入建筑”，使人身在室

90、內猶在室外園景中，隨時可以享受綠化生態(tài)環(huán)境。</p><p>　　此外其還可以融入西方現(xiàn)代園林景觀設計手法如：</p><p>　　1）大型開放空間：中心花壇、下沉廣場、露天劇場、臺地、院落等。</p><p>　　2）中型開放空間：濱水空間、室外平臺、屋頂花園、架空層等。</p><p>　　3）小型開放空間：廊道、花架、室外家具、綠化圍合

91、、建筑灰空間等。</p><p>　　4）多層次開放空間。</p><p>　　5)校園文化格調整體化。</p><p>　　一個大學校園應有其統(tǒng)一的文化格調。有其特別的文化格調和人文精神，在設計中必須考慮，也必須體現(xiàn)其個性特征。</p><p>　　1)結合當?shù)氐牡赜蛭幕厣珷I造大學的個性。如香港嶺南學院等。2)結合大學的歷史文脈或教育特點

92、營造大學的個性。如美國斯坦福大學。</p><p>　　3)以建筑師的個性風格獨創(chuàng)大學的個性風格，如新加坡理工學院4)在整體連續(xù)性的大前提下，局部富有特色變化。</p><p>　　大學校園建筑形象不同于其他文化性，商業(yè)性建筑，商業(yè)性建筑大多要求標新立異，自我突出，注重時尚。給人們第一時間上的視覺沖擊力，而大學建筑則承載著大學的人文歷史，是學生接受知識的場所，典雅，莊重，樸素，自然應該是其

93、本質特征。其形象性標志以回歸綠色設計和純凈形式為優(yōu)，以功能和空間環(huán)境的營造為主，屏棄虛假，造作形式，追求自然清新。而現(xiàn)在有些設計，過分強調造型，體現(xiàn)過分夸張，裝飾過分豪華，違背了教育建筑的本質。校園建筑形象在個體之間可以不必追求統(tǒng)一風格，不同歷史時期的建筑，不同使用功能可以通過不同的建筑處理手法，詮釋對大學校園精神的理解，從而反映大學校園文化的多元性，自由性，兼容并蓄，記載了不同歷史時期校園發(fā)展的歷程。</p><p

94、>　　四建筑設計于規(guī)劃中情感空間塑造的整體性</p><p><b>　　感建筑與校園文化</b></p><p>　　一所理想的大學校園應當由美好的物質環(huán)境組成，應使其結合得相得益彰，富有整體和統(tǒng)一性。</p><p>　　所謂“情感空間”，是于物質空間相對立，情感空間一定由物質空間組成，而物質空間不一定是情感空間，情感空間強調感受力量

95、，這類空間被關懷的人才是真正的主角，而建筑與環(huán)境只有具備了情感空間只后才真正偶了靈魂，以及其完整性和統(tǒng)一性才能得到體現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　一個吸引人的，有感染力的，能夠潛移默化地教育改造人的大學校園，一定具有典型豐富的情感空間，與物質空間組成大學校園的全部。正是這各種的情感空間的組合，構成并決定了我們對一所大學校園環(huán)境與校園文化總體印象，其也是校園文化的重要組成部分。缺少情感空間的大學校園是一個不完整的校園，

96、校園的整體性受到破壞。</p><p>　　（二）景設計與校園活動</p><p>　　人們常說“建筑是凝固的音樂”，因此，人們的習慣思維中建筑設計是靜態(tài)的。體量，尺度，比例，色彩，空間成為建筑師最常用的詞語，表現(xiàn)圖成為建筑設計時表達意向最常用的手段，但如果我們暫時把關注的靜止的建筑轉變?yōu)榻ㄖ袌鏊那榫凹皥鏊谢顒拥娜藗兣c人們的活動。關注人們和建筑的整體性，校園將更具有完整性和統(tǒng)一性。&

97、lt;/p><p><b>　　小結：</b></p><p>　　大學校園建設不同于普通的單體建筑設計，不不同于一般的城市規(guī)劃，有其特殊性，第一，它不是單棟的建筑或建筑綜合體，而是數(shù)萬棟數(shù)十萬平方米多種功能非單一用地的大量建筑單體的集合，第二，它不涉及復雜的社會政治，經濟因因素，幾千至幾萬平方公里的城市資源配置，而是功能線索相對單純，用地規(guī)模在幾十至幾百萬公頃的綜合設計