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1、<p><b>  中文3945字</b></p><p><b>  椅子的發(fā)展史</b></p><p>  ——18世紀(jì)至19世紀(jì)20年代</p><p><b>  18世紀(jì)晚期</b></p><p>  直到十九世紀(jì)中期,大多的椅子都還是手工制作的,但是新

2、的工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)者已經(jīng)在嘗試現(xiàn)代化的生產(chǎn)方式以確??焖偕a(chǎn)出高質(zhì)量、價(jià)格低廉適合大批量生產(chǎn)的家具。在這些人中最為成功的當(dāng)屬奧地利的制造商米切爾·托勒,他是曲木家具的開(kāi)拓者。直到18世紀(jì)晚期,他的這種風(fēng)格的椅子都是貴族與工廠工人購(gòu)買(mǎi)使用的首選。 </p><p>  第14號(hào)椅,1870</p><p>  生產(chǎn)

3、者:托勒,奧地利</p><p>  被視為19世紀(jì)最為出色的工業(yè)產(chǎn)品,托勒的第十四號(hào)椅-也被稱(chēng)作“咖啡館椅”-因其價(jià)廉、輕盈與力量感而飽受歡迎。托勒為創(chuàng)造一個(gè)能夠適合大批量生產(chǎn)的第十四號(hào)椅模板努力了多年,最終在1859年獲得了成功。之前的眾多模板都是用片狀木粘合在一起的,但是在1861年托勒成功的制造出了以螺釘為銜接方式的膠合板模板,非粘合的。托勒繼續(xù)完善他的設(shè)計(jì),隨后在1867年,由六塊彎木、十個(gè)螺釘和兩個(gè)墊

4、圈構(gòu)成的咖啡館椅被制造出來(lái)了。到1870年時(shí),咖啡館椅作為托勒最便宜的模具僅被賣(mài)3奧地利弗羅林幣。</p><p>  第1號(hào)搖椅,1860</p><p>  生產(chǎn)者:托勒,奧地利</p><p>  中、上等階層所鼓勵(lì)的手工藝品運(yùn)動(dòng)興起,將搖椅與其他純樸的家具風(fēng)格作為18世紀(jì)后期的一個(gè)全新的影響。除了其工業(yè)化思潮,托勒從手工藝設(shè)計(jì)的靈感運(yùn)用于他的產(chǎn)品風(fēng)格中去。托

5、勒的公司在1860年生產(chǎn)出了第一款搖椅:第一號(hào)搖椅。銷(xiāo)售起初很緩慢,但是第一號(hào)搖椅與后來(lái)的搖椅的歡迎度都在穩(wěn)固上升,到1913年,每售出的托勒的20把椅子中都有一個(gè)搖椅。</p><p>  第9號(hào)書(shū)桌椅,1905</p><p>  生產(chǎn)者:托勒,奧地利</p><p>  第9號(hào)書(shū)桌椅或稱(chēng)維也納椅被托勒改良成為一款舒適便宜的椅子在1902年上市銷(xiāo)售。當(dāng)勒

6、3;柯布西耶選擇維也納椅作為1925年巴黎世界博覽會(huì)新精神館布置時(shí),它達(dá)到了顛覆性的地位??虏嘉饕沁@樣闡釋他的選擇的:“我們相信它作為在使用中的百萬(wàn)分之一的椅子是一個(gè)高貴的東西?!背鱿屠枋澜绮┯[會(huì)的世界各地建筑界人群以及柯布西耶的精神館是最受贊賞的部分。</p><p><b>  19世紀(jì)早期</b></p><p>  十九世紀(jì)早期是一個(gè)持續(xù)性的椅子設(shè)計(jì)試驗(yàn)

7、階段。創(chuàng)新性的設(shè)計(jì)者和建筑界人士們,如蘇格蘭的查爾斯·麥金托什和奧地利的科羅曼·穆塞爾與約瑟夫·霍夫曼,力圖將還未成熟的現(xiàn)代主義運(yùn)動(dòng)所喜愛(ài)的幾何形態(tài)與單色形式運(yùn)用到家具和家居產(chǎn)品中去。他們的椅子由手工制作小批量產(chǎn)出,大多被富有的波西米亞人所購(gòu)買(mǎi),還有就是偶然性的被像是蘇格蘭茶店和維也納咖啡館等的公共場(chǎng)所的委員們購(gòu)買(mǎi)。

8、 </p><p>  英格拉姆大街的茶房的高背椅,1900</p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:查爾斯·麥金托什</p><p>  在最早的也是在英國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)中最高雄辯指數(shù)的是蘇格蘭建筑師與設(shè)計(jì)師查爾斯·麥金托什(1868-1928)。通過(guò)掌握具有純凈日本審美的傳統(tǒng)凱爾特技術(shù),麥金托什在新藝術(shù)的尖端確定了一

9、種有特色的、高度提煉后的設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格,由此產(chǎn)生了工藝美術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)與歐洲中心分離派。他最長(zhǎng)久的客戶(hù)之一是克萊斯頓小姐,她在蘇格蘭西南部擁有連鎖的茶店,要求麥金托什進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)。他設(shè)計(jì)了這個(gè)高背椅僵直的幾何形式,用以與英格拉姆大街的茶房中女士們午宴環(huán)境中白色的墻形成強(qiáng)烈對(duì)比。 </p><p> 

10、 普克斯多夫療養(yǎng)院扶手椅,1902</p><p><b>  山毛櫸,柳條</b></p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:科羅曼·穆塞爾</p><p>  作為一個(gè)制圖與家具的設(shè)計(jì)者,科羅曼·穆塞爾(1868-1918)特別喜愛(ài)的幾何主題與單色形式作為維也納工坊的代表,他與設(shè)計(jì)師約瑟夫·霍夫曼與1903年在維也納創(chuàng)立了這

11、個(gè)具有影響力的工坊。這個(gè)扶手椅被19世紀(jì)早期的奧地利人們認(rèn)為具有瘋狂的風(fēng)格,作為麥金托什的尖角家具被他的蘇格蘭同事們認(rèn)定是為霍夫曼設(shè)計(jì)建造的普克斯多夫療養(yǎng)院設(shè)計(jì)的。在療養(yǎng)院里,穆塞爾的扶手椅被成對(duì)的安排在別致的八角桌子周?chē)?</p><p>  蝙蝠歌廳椅,1905-1906</p>&l

12、t;p><b>  山毛櫸</b></p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:約瑟爾·霍夫曼</p><p>  在1902年去英國(guó)游覽進(jìn)行研究工藝美術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的過(guò)程中,約瑟爾·霍夫曼(1870-1956)待蘇格蘭的設(shè)計(jì)師麥金托什如友,并且被他的大膽、幾何形式的家具風(fēng)格所吸引。麥金托什的影響顯然迅速地在精細(xì)的結(jié)構(gòu)以及霍夫曼為維也納的蝙蝠歌廳設(shè)計(jì)的山毛櫸椅子的清

13、晰線(xiàn)條中體現(xiàn)出來(lái)?;舴蚵浴耙患囆g(shù)品”的態(tài)度設(shè)計(jì)了他擁有的酒店的每一要素。一個(gè)時(shí)間的批評(píng)家描述它說(shuō):“完美——比例,明快的氣氛,歡快流暢的線(xiàn)條,雅致明亮的部件,舒服的新形態(tài),還有最終的,高雅的整體性。誠(chéng)懇的霍夫曼?!?lt;/p><p><b>  19世紀(jì)20年代</b></p><p>  第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,進(jìn)步性的設(shè)計(jì)人士利用新人工材料的出現(xiàn)以及制造家具運(yùn)用在“

14、機(jī)械時(shí)代”美學(xué)上的如冰川美艷般的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)。那十年設(shè)計(jì)被種族所束縛設(shè)計(jì)了第一款懸臂椅,最終被荷蘭設(shè)計(jì)師馬特·斯坦贏得,同時(shí)經(jīng)過(guò)德國(guó)的馬歇·布勞耶與米斯·凡德羅的鋼管實(shí)驗(yàn),以及柯布西耶,巴黎的皮埃爾?讓納雷和夏洛特·貝里安。</p><p>  紅藍(lán)椅,1918-1921</p><p><b>  山毛櫸,夾板</b></p

15、><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:吉瑞特·托馬斯·里特維爾德</p><p>  一時(shí)間,當(dāng)家具的單色調(diào)色法被設(shè)計(jì)者如蘇格蘭的查爾斯·麥金托什以及奧地利的約瑟夫·霍夫曼被認(rèn)為具有驚人的創(chuàng)新能力,最初的紅藍(lán)椅介紹是在1921年被荷蘭設(shè)計(jì)師吉瑞特·托馬斯·里特維爾德(1888-1964)所提出的。以空間中的線(xiàn)與面構(gòu)思的抽象性作品,這個(gè)椅子是里特維爾德

16、的三維視覺(jué)化對(duì)于蒙德里安畫(huà)的體現(xiàn),蒙德里安是風(fēng)格派運(yùn)動(dòng)的代表者。里特維爾德計(jì)劃將椅子用于批量化生產(chǎn),椅子是由標(biāo)準(zhǔn)長(zhǎng)度的木頭制成的,要求的構(gòu)造性技巧很少。起初是由天然木材制成的,1921年的時(shí)候被里特維爾德以明亮的色彩漆繪。</p><p>  B3(瓦西里)休閑椅,1925</p><p><b>  鍍鉻鋼,皮革</b></p><p>  

17、設(shè)計(jì)者:馬歇·布勞耶</p><p>  被設(shè)計(jì)一款像福特汽車(chē)工廠規(guī)模一樣的椅子的挑戰(zhàn)所困擾,馬歇·布勞耶(1902-1981)作為包豪斯木匠業(yè)工作室的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者致力于兩個(gè)目標(biāo)。一個(gè)是以同樣的鋼管風(fēng)格發(fā)展家具像他在德紹騎的阿德勒自行車(chē)。另外一個(gè)是設(shè)計(jì)一款懸臂椅,或者由單一底座支撐。他的實(shí)驗(yàn)生產(chǎn)出了有棱角的B3椅,他以他的教師同僚瓦西里·康定斯基的名字愛(ài)稱(chēng)椅子為“瓦西里”。不幸的是,荷蘭的

18、藝術(shù)家馬特·斯坦(1899-1986)在布勞耶之前于1926完成了他第一個(gè)懸臂椅——第s33號(hào)氣管椅。</p><p>  第B33號(hào)模型,1927-1928</p><p><b>  鍍鉻鋼管,皮革</b></p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:馬歇·布勞耶</p><p>  當(dāng)馬歇·布勞耶的B

19、33椅在19世紀(jì)20年代末期上市的時(shí)候,這樣一個(gè)修長(zhǎng)的沒(méi)有傳統(tǒng)腿或臂的奇特的椅子是那么的不平常,以至于很多人都不敢坐在上面。B33對(duì)布勞耶來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)苦樂(lè)摻半的產(chǎn)品。他開(kāi)始設(shè)計(jì)的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)知道了他已經(jīng)丟失了設(shè)計(jì)第一款懸臂椅-擁有唯一支撐-因?yàn)楹商m藝術(shù)家馬特·斯坦已經(jīng)在1926年末完成了他的MS33椅的設(shè)計(jì)。布勞耶的椅子設(shè)計(jì)在比例、細(xì)節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu)上是出眾的,不是最低限度的因?yàn)樗怯蔁o(wú)鋼筋結(jié)構(gòu)的管狀鋼制成,更有彈性也更加舒適。</

20、p><p><b>  MR10,1927</b></p><p><b>  鍍鉻鋼管,皮革</b></p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:米斯·凡德羅,莉莉·瑞克</p><p>  縱觀19世紀(jì)20年代的德國(guó)藝術(shù)家米斯·凡德羅(1886-1969)與國(guó)內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)師莉莉·瑞

21、克(1885-1947)合作,在他的建筑學(xué)科的家具發(fā)展中有所建樹(shù)。在19世紀(jì)20年代中期以前,像其他進(jìn)步性的設(shè)計(jì)師一樣,他們都著迷于管狀的金屬。米斯和瑞克都被他們看到的不具有中產(chǎn)階級(jí)裝潢色彩的現(xiàn)代極致特色的懸臂椅所吸引。到1927年,他們已經(jīng)完成了紡織椅MR10和藤條椅MR20。這兩款椅子都在現(xiàn)代主義代表性的1927年在斯圖加特的白院聚落模具椅子展覽上展出。</p><p><b>  B32,1928

22、</b></p><p>  鍍鉻鋼管,木材,藤條</p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:馬歇·布勞耶</p><p>  最優(yōu)雅與堅(jiān)定的懸臂椅開(kāi)創(chuàng)者在19世紀(jì)20年代末期被生產(chǎn)出來(lái),它就是B32,設(shè)計(jì)者是米斯·凡德羅(1902-1981)。通過(guò)增加木質(zhì)堅(jiān)硬的框架在座位與椅背,他根除了為交錯(cuò)幅面增加額外支撐的需求,隱藏了管狀結(jié)構(gòu)保留了輕質(zhì)的、文

23、雅的結(jié)構(gòu)。它的輕質(zhì)與現(xiàn)代感通過(guò)精致的管狀金屬結(jié)構(gòu)、溫暖的木質(zhì)框架以及半透明的藤條椅背和座椅表現(xiàn)出來(lái)材質(zhì)和色彩的對(duì)比。</p><p>  第LC2號(hào)福爾豪華酒吧椅,1928</p><p><b>  鍍鉻彎曲鋼管,皮革</b></p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:勒·柯布西耶,皮埃爾·讓納雷,夏洛特·貝里安</p&

24、gt;<p>  當(dāng)24歲的家居設(shè)計(jì)者夏洛特·貝里安(1903-1999)求職在巴黎塞夫爾大街35號(hào)勒·柯布西耶的工作室,他回復(fù)說(shuō):“我們這里不要繡花墊子。”幾個(gè)月之后,在他的堂兄妹皮埃爾·讓納利用玻璃、鋼鐵和內(nèi)部的鋁為她的酒吧的設(shè)計(jì)品參加了一項(xiàng)展覽之后,他為他之前的態(tài)度道歉。直到后來(lái)柯布西耶以?shī)W地利索耐特的彎木椅子和倫敦的楓的酒吧椅完成了他的住宅項(xiàng)目和展覽設(shè)置。皮埃爾的到來(lái)為他的工作室在家具

25、上從工業(yè)材料方向向有棱角的現(xiàn)代運(yùn)動(dòng)方向發(fā)展。起初為巴黎的羅斯德貝洛奇園以及1929年的秋季藝術(shù)沙龍?jiān)O(shè)計(jì)的,福爾豪華酒吧椅是從勒·柯布西耶最喜歡的楓酒吧椅。</p><p>  第B306號(hào)躺椅,1928</p><p><b>  鍍鉻彎曲鋼管,皮革</b></p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:勒·柯布西耶,皮埃爾·讓納雷

26、,夏洛特·貝里安</p><p>  柯布西耶創(chuàng)立的夏洛特·貝里安派別的第一個(gè)產(chǎn)品被設(shè)計(jì)成為系列以供應(yīng)他在巴黎設(shè)計(jì)的羅斯德貝洛奇園。他要求三種類(lèi)型的椅子:一個(gè)“為了交談”,一個(gè)“為了休閑”還有一個(gè)“為了休息”。第一個(gè)是B301活動(dòng)靠背椅,第二個(gè)是福爾豪華酒吧椅,第三個(gè)是B306躺椅。被法國(guó)18世紀(jì)坐臥兩用椅的優(yōu)美線(xiàn)條所啟發(fā),福爾豪華酒吧椅將實(shí)用性的鋼管與馬駒皮結(jié)合在一起。“我想到了狂野西部中抽

27、著煙袋的牛仔男孩,腳在空中揮舞高于他的頭部,倚在煙囪架上:完全的放松?!笨虏嘉饕貜?fù)道。夏洛特·貝里安為B306宣傳剪短了頭發(fā),穿著大膽的短裙和一個(gè)工業(yè)軸承球的項(xiàng)鏈。</p><p>  第B302號(hào)環(huán)狀椅,1928-1929</p><p><b>  鍍鉻彎曲鋼管,皮革</b></p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:勒·柯布西耶,

28、皮埃爾·讓納雷,夏洛特·貝里安</p><p>  由一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的咖啡椅得來(lái)的啟發(fā),這個(gè)環(huán)狀椅被設(shè)計(jì)用作一個(gè)書(shū)桌或晚餐桌子。在勒·柯布西耶的監(jiān)督下,夏洛特·貝里安利用裝飾性的豪華皮革裝飾底座和后背,轉(zhuǎn)變了其功利性的形式。她想象后背是一個(gè)“像汽車(chē)輪胎一樣”可以依靠的舒服的墊子。和柯布西耶、讓納雷一起工作為她自己灌輸了一條嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則?!白钚〉你U筆敲打需要一個(gè)點(diǎn),”她稍后補(bǔ)充道,“

29、為了滿(mǎn)足一個(gè)需求,或者回應(yīng)一個(gè)姿態(tài),為了達(dá)到大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)?!必惱锇苍噲D去說(shuō)服法國(guó)廠商標(biāo)志適應(yīng)在他們的家具中使用自行車(chē)鋼架中的鋼管結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)標(biāo)志衰退的時(shí)候,她成功的說(shuō)服了柯布西耶最喜歡的彎木椅的廠商索耐特,為秋季藝術(shù)沙龍制造了所有的家具,包括這個(gè)環(huán)狀椅。</p><p>  第MR90號(hào),巴塞羅那椅,1929</p><p><b>  鍍鉻平面鋼管,皮革</b></

30、p><p>  設(shè)計(jì)者:米斯·凡德羅,莉莉·瑞克</p><p>  在米斯設(shè)計(jì)的椅子中,與國(guó)內(nèi)的設(shè)計(jì)者莉莉合作的巴塞羅那椅是最為優(yōu)雅與宏偉的。設(shè)計(jì)于1929年,它是最具有識(shí)別性的20世紀(jì)早期椅子,它同時(shí)也是公共場(chǎng)所中一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的場(chǎng)景。這個(gè)椅子作為米斯公會(huì)所設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容,被挑選為1929年巴塞羅那國(guó)際展德國(guó)館的陳設(shè)。當(dāng)?shù)聡?guó)館被當(dāng)做官方的公共儀式場(chǎng)所,米斯決定了椅子的樣式為寶座樣

31、式的象牙椅,一種被羅馬法官所用的古老的椅子。</p><p><b>  來(lái)源:</b></p><p>  http://designmuseum.org/exhibitions/online/a-century-of-chairs/late-1800s</p><p>  LATE 1800sUntil the mid-19th cent

32、ury, most chairs were made by hand, but the new industrialists were experimenting with modern production techniques to manufacture high quality furniture swiftly and cheaply in large quantities. Among the most successful

33、 was the Austrian manufacturer Michael Thonet, who pioneered the mass-production of bentwood furniture. By the late 1800s, his simply styled chairs had become the first to be used by both aristocrats and factory workers.

34、</p><p>  Chairs in production at the Thonet factorySide Chair No. 14, 1870Production: Thonet, AustriaRegarded as the most successful industrial product of the 19th century, the Thonet Chair No. 14 – nic

35、knamed the ‘Consumer Chair’ – owed its popularity to cheapness, lightness and strength. Thonet struggled for years to produce a version of No. 14 which would be suitable for mass-production and succeeded in 1859. Early v

36、ersions were glued together from laminated wood but, by 1861 Thonet succeeded in ma</p><p>  Side Chair No. 14, 1870Bent, solid and laminated beech, woven caneProduction: Thonet, AustriaRocking Chair No.

37、1, 1860Production: Thonet, AustriaThe popularity of the Arts and Crafts movement encouraged the middle and upper classes to regard rocking chairs and other rustic styles of furniture with a new affection during the lat

38、e 1800s. Despite its industrial ethos, Thonet drew inspiration from Arts and Crafts design in the styling of its products. The company developed its first rocking cha</p><p>  Rocking Chair No. 1Bent, solid

39、 and laminated beech, woven caneProduction: Thonet, AustriaDesk Chair No. 9, c.1905 Production: Thonet, AustriaDeveloped by Thonet as a comfortable, inexpensive desk chair, the No. 9 – or Vienna Chair – went on sale

40、in 1902. It attained iconic status when the architect Le Corbusier chose it to furnish his Pavilion de l’Esprit Nouveau (the Pavilion of the New Spirit) at the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs in P

41、aris. Le Corbusier justified his c</p><p>  Chair No. 9Bent, solid and laminated beech, woven caneProduction: Thonet, Austria</p><p>  EARLY 1900sThe early 1900s was a period of continued exp

42、erimentation in chair design. Innovative designers and architects, such as Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Scotland and Koloman Moser and Josef Hoffmann in Austria, strove to apply the geometric forms and monochrome palette

43、 favoured by the fledgeling modern movement to furniture and domestic objects. Made by hand in small quantities, their chairs were mostly bought by wealthy bohemians, except for occasional special commissions for public

44、bui</p><p>  Charles Rennie Mackintosh's design of the studio drawing-room in his house at 78 South Park Terrace, Glasgow, 1902High-backed chair for the Ingram Street Tea Rooms, 1900OakDesign: Charle

45、s Rennie MackintoshAmong the earliest and most eloquent exponents of a modern spirit in British design was the Scottish architect and designer Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868-1928). By fusing the influence of traditiona

46、l Celtic craftsmanship with the purity of Japanese aesthetics, Mackintosh defined a distin</p><p>  High-backed chair for the Ingram Street Tea Rooms, 1900Design: Charles Rennie MackintoshReissue: Cassina,

47、 ItalyArmchair for the Purkersdorf Sanatorium, 1902Beech, wickerDesign: Koloman MoserAs a designer of both graphics and furniture, Koloman Moser (1868-1918) favoured the geometric motifs and monochrome palette which

48、were to typify the work of the Wiener Werkst鋞te, the influential craft workshops that he founded in Vienna with the architect Josef Hoffmann in 1903. This armchair, which wa</p><p>  Armchair for the Purkers

49、dorf Sanatorium, 1902Design: Koloman MoserReissue: Wittmann, AustriaCabaret Fledermaus Chair, 1905-1906BeechDesign: Josef HoffmannOn a visit to England to research the Arts and Crafts Movement in 1902, Josef Hoffma

50、nn (1870-1956) befriended the Scottish architect Charles Rennie Mackintosh and was impressed by the bold, geometric style of his furniture. Mackintosh’s influence is readily apparent in the fine structure and clean lines

51、 of this beech chair that Hoffmann d</p><p>  Cabaret Fledermaus Chair, 1905-1906Design: Josef HoffmannReissue: Wittmann, Austria</p><p>  1920sAfter World War I, progressive designers could

52、take advantage of the emergence of new man-made materials and production techniques to create furniture in the glacially glamorous aesthetic of the "machine age". The decade was dominated by the race to design

53、the first cantilevered chair, eventually won by the Dutch architect Mart Stam, and by the experiments in tubular steel of Marcel Breuer and Mies van der Rohe in Germany, and Le Corbusier,Charlotte Perriand and Charlotte

54、Perriand in Paris</p><p>  Charlotte Perriand with (left to right) Edouard Jeanneret and Le Corbusier at Le Corbusier’s architectural studio on rue de Sevres, Paris, late 1920sRed/Blue Chair, 1918-1921Beec

55、h, plywoodDesign: Gerrit Thomas RietveldAt a time when the monochrome palette of furniture designers such as Charles Rennie Mackintosh in Scotland and Josef Hoffmann in Austria was considered to be startlingly innovati

56、ve, the introduction of the primary coloured Red/Blue Chair in 1921 by the Dutch architect Gerrit Th</p><p>  Red/Blue Chair, 1918-1921Beech, plywoodDesign: Gerrit Thomas RietveldReissue: Cassina, ItalyB

57、3 (Wassily) chair, 1925Chromium-plated steel, leatherDesign: Marcel BreuerObsessed by the challenge of designing a chair to be built in a factory like a Model T Ford car, Marcel Breuer (1902-1981) concentrated on two

58、goals as head of the Bauhaus carpentry workshop. One was to develop furniture from the same tubular steel as the Adler bicycle which he rode around Dessau. The other was to design a c</p><p>  B3 (Wassily) c

59、hair, 1925Chromium-plated steel, leatherDesign: Marcel BreuerReissue: Knoll International, USModel No. B33, 1927-1928Chrome-plated tubular steel, leatherDesign: Marcel BreuerWhen Marcel Breuer’s B33 chair went on

60、sale in the late 1920s, the spectacle of such a slender chair without conventional legs or arms was so unusual that many people were frightened to sit on it. The B33 was a bittersweet project for Breuer (1902-1981). He s

61、tarted work on it knowing that he had lost the</p><p>  Model No. B33, 1927-1928Chromium-plated tubular steel, leatherDesign: Marcel BreuerProduction: Gebrüder Thonet, AustriaMR10, 1927Chromium-pla

62、ted steel, leatherDesign: Mies van der Rohe, Lilly ReichThroughout the 1920s the German architect Mies van der Rohe (1886-1969) collaborated with the interior designer Lilly Reich (1885-1947) on the development of furn

63、iture for his architectural projects. By the mid-1920s they, like other progressive designers, were fascinated by the possibilities of</p><p>  MR10, 1927Chromium-plated steel, leatherDesign: Mies van der

64、Rohe, Lilly ReichReissue: Knoll International, USB32, 1928Chromium-plated steel, wood, caneDesign: Marcel Breuer The most refined and resolved of the pioneering cantilevered chairs produced in the late 1920s is the

65、B32, designed by Marcel Breuer (1902-1981). By adding a robust wooden frame to the seat and back, he eradicated the need for the additional support of cross-pieces and hidden tubes to leave a light, elegant structure.<

66、;/p><p>  B32 chair, 1928Chromium-plated steel, wood, caneDesign: Marcel Breuer Reissue: Knoll International, USGrand Confort Model No. LC2 Club Chair, 1928Chromed bent tubular steel, leatherDesign: Le Co

67、rbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Charlotte PerriandWhen the 24 year-old furniture designer Charlotte Perriand (1903-1999) asked for a job at Le Corbusier's (1887-1965) studio at 35 rue de Sèvres in Paris, he replied:

68、 “We don’t embroider cushions here.” A few months later he apologised after being taken b</p><p>  Grand Confort, Model No. LC2 club chair, 1928Chromed bent tubular steel, leatherDesign: Le Corbusier, Pier

69、re Jeanneret, Charlotte PerriandProduction: Thonet Frères, AustriaReissue: Cassina, ItalyChaise Longue Model No. B306, 1928Chromed bent tubular steel, leatherDesign: Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret,Charlotte Per

70、riandThe first project assigned to Charlotte Perriand (1903-1999) by Le Corbusier (1887-1965) was to design a series of chairs to furnish Maison La Roche, a house he was design</p><p>  Charlotte Perriand o

71、n the B306 Chaise Longue, 1928Chromed bent tubular steel, leatherDesign: Charlotte Perriand, Le Corbusier, Edouard JeanneretProduction: Thonet Freres, AustriaReissue: Cassina, Italy Model No. B302 swivel chair, 1928

72、-1929Chromed bent tubular steel, leatherDesign: Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret,Charlotte PerriandInspired by a simple office chair, this swivel chair was designed for use at a desk or dining table. Under Le Corbusier’

73、s (1887-1965) supervision, Charlotte Per</p><p>  Model No. B302 swivel chair, 1928-1929Chromed bent tubular steel, leatherDesign: Le Corbusier, Pierre Jeanneret, Charlotte PerriandProduction: Thonet Fr&#

74、232;res, AustriaReissue: Cassina, ItalyBarcelona Chair, Model No. MR90, 1929Chromed flat steel, leatherDesign: Mies van der Rohe, Lilly ReichAmong the most elegant and imposing of the chairs designed by Mies van der

75、 Rohe (1886-1969) in collaboration with the interior designer Lilly Reich (1885-1947) is the opulent Barcelona Chair. Designed i</p><p>  Barcelona Chair, Model No. MR90, 1929Chromed flat steel, leatherDes

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