外文翻譯中英對照--基于rs-232的串行通信

1、<p><b>　　外文翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　專業(yè)： </b></p><p><b>　　班級：</b></p><p><b>　　姓名： </b></p><p>　　基于RS-232的串行通信</p>&

2、lt;p>　　摘要這篇文章論述了串行通信的主要原則，提出了在RS232的基礎(chǔ)上，設(shè)計串行通訊硬電路的方法。實現(xiàn)了分別在PC微機和單片機中使用匯編語言和C++Builder編程。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞：串行通信；單片機；程序設(shè)</p><p><b>　　一．緒論</b></p><p>　　在控制系統(tǒng)的工作中，PC微機發(fā)送指令到步進

3、電機中來收集圖像信息。因此，PC微機和驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)之間的通信是系統(tǒng)通信所必需的。一般來說，一個完整的通信系統(tǒng)由發(fā)射器、接收器、轉(zhuǎn)換數(shù)據(jù)接口和傳輸數(shù)據(jù)通道所構(gòu)成。該步進電機是通過單芯片來實現(xiàn)微機控制脈沖分配的。在電機的控制系統(tǒng)中，PC微機被稱為上位機，而由單片機所控制的步進電機被稱為下位機。上位機與下位機之間的通信有兩個方法，他們分別是串行通信和并行通信。并行通信可以同時傳輸大量的數(shù)據(jù)，具有傳送速度快的優(yōu)點。但是當傳輸距離遠，并且傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)

4、量很多時，它需要的傳輸線的數(shù)目也更多。此外，電壓等級會因為輸電線路的因素和電壓干擾而改變。串行通信是一個數(shù)據(jù)按一個個序位單向傳輸?shù)耐ǖ?，其中兩個過渡線是需要實現(xiàn)雙向通信傳輸。正是考慮到在控制系統(tǒng)中需傳遞的數(shù)據(jù)多，而單次傳輸?shù)臄?shù)量少，因此在控制系統(tǒng)中選擇串口通信的方法，從而簡化了硬件結(jié)構(gòu)并節(jié)約了所需的成本。</p><p><b>　　二．串口通訊的簡述</b></p><

5、p>　　每次一個二進制位移動的。它的優(yōu)點是只需一對傳輸線進行傳送信息，因此其成本低，適用于遠距離通信；它的缺點是傳送速度低。</p><p>　　串行通信有異步通信和同步通信兩種基本通信方式。同步通信適用于傳送速度高的情況，它的硬件復(fù)雜。而異步通信應(yīng)用于傳送速度在50到19200波特之間。是比較常用的傳送方式。在異步通信中，數(shù)據(jù)是一幀一幀傳送的，每一串行幀的數(shù)據(jù)格式由一位起始位，5-8位的數(shù)據(jù)位，一位奇偶校

6、驗位（可省略）和一位停止位四部分組成。在串行通信前，發(fā)送方和接收方要約定具體的數(shù)據(jù)格式和波特率（通信協(xié)議），PC機采用可編程串行異步通信控制器8250來實現(xiàn)異步串行通信。通過對8250的初始化編程，可以控制串行數(shù)據(jù)傳送格式和速度。在PC機中一般有兩個標準RS-232C串行接口COM1和COM21MCS51系列單片機內(nèi)含有一個全雙工的串行接口，通過編程也可實現(xiàn)串行通信功能。</p><p>　　智能傳感器的CMOS

7、芯片應(yīng)為其低成本，小型化，智能化和標準化的特點已得到廣泛應(yīng)用。在智能傳感器IC設(shè)計中，在傳感器和信號處理電路以外，通信接口電路也可發(fā)揮重要角色。串行通信擁有很多的標準接口，如RS-232，RS_485，USB接口和IEEE-1394。它們各自都有著自身的特點，同時也分別適用于不同的</p><p>　　應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。RS-485具有抗噪聲數(shù)據(jù)傳輸?shù)奶攸c，因此它通常用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)。USB</p><p

8、>　　接口和IEEE-1394具有傳輸速度快的優(yōu)點，但是有一些電腦和操作系統(tǒng)并不支持這種接口。RS-232是在PC機中和通信行業(yè)中應(yīng)用最廣泛的串行接口。RS-232C標準是異步串行協(xié)議溝通，并已廣泛應(yīng)用于個人電腦和通信產(chǎn)業(yè)。許多短距離打印機等電腦外設(shè)交際，所以磁盤和終端與PC機通過RS232通信串行接口。</p><p><b>　　RS-232標準</b></p>&l

9、t;p>　　RS-232是美國電子工業(yè)協(xié)會（EIA）正式公布的，在異步串行通信中應(yīng)用最廣泛的標準總線。該標準適用于DCE和DTE間的串行二進制通信，最高數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速率可達19.2kbps，最長傳送電纜可達15米IRS-232C標準定義了25根引線。對于一般的雙向通信，只需使用串行輸入RXD，串行輸出TXD和地線GND1RS-232C標準的電平采用負邏輯，規(guī)定+3V-+15V之間的任意電平為邏輯“0”電平，-3V--15V之間的任意電

10、平為邏輯“1”電平，與TTL和CMOS電平是不同的。在接口電路和計算機接口芯片中大多為TTL或CMOS電平，所以在通信時，必須進行電平轉(zhuǎn)換，以便與RS-232C標準的電平匹配1MAX232芯片可以完成電平轉(zhuǎn)換這一工作。</p><p>　　RS-232C被定義為單端標準，它具有許多的優(yōu)點，如更低速的串行通信，通信距離遠，適中的價格和良好的系統(tǒng)適用性，所以它是最試用的一個通信端口。RS-232是一個基本現(xiàn)代化的計算

11、機接口，它包括COM1和COM2端口，該端口COM1有9針連接器。新一代的計算機有一個9針連接器（DB9），這樣就可以通過這個9針連接器來連接RS-232串行端口。為了實現(xiàn)可靠的，實時的傳輸，該系統(tǒng)采用三線連接方式，即RS-232端口的GND引腳，RXD引腳和TXD引腳與外部端口連接，如圖1所示。</p><p>　　圖1.RS-232端口</p><p>　　三．串口通信的軟件設(shè)計<

12、;/p><p>　　該單片機與PC機之間通過中斷與PC機通信程序通信被稱為主控制器。當單片機接收通過PC電腦發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)信號時，它就會調(diào)用中斷服務(wù)程序。為了充分利用單片機，以減少CPU的占用時間，提高溝通效率，控制程序?qū)⑹俏覀儠皶r響應(yīng)和控制的對象。通訊程序?qū)⒌玫絻?yōu)化。子程序的串口接收數(shù)據(jù)，逐個發(fā)送脈沖，為判斷指令子程序和中斷子程序發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)。</p><p>　　A串口中斷子程序用于接收數(shù)據(jù)&l

13、t;/p><p>　　對用于接收數(shù)據(jù)的串行端口的中斷子程序主要是由PC接收和發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)存儲到分配的內(nèi)存中的數(shù)據(jù)（不與數(shù)據(jù)處理，以減少由中斷注冊的時間）負責(zé)。由單片機接收到的數(shù)據(jù)包括一些信息，如速度，步驟和開/關(guān)指示，由于緩沖區(qū)的大小足夠把這些數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到電腦中，所以省略了軟件握手協(xié)議，以提高CPU利用率。當串口中斷程序接收到指定的數(shù)據(jù)時，便退出串行口中斷。</p><p>　　B發(fā)送步進脈沖子程

14、序</p><p>　　使用反單晶片微控制器定時器0定時器，作為固定的時間完成，能使P1.5端口被否定，從而產(chǎn)生周期性的驅(qū)動脈沖。定時器從0開始計數(shù)初始值65535，然后中斷分項計劃的定時器0被調(diào)用，在其中P1.5端口被否定產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動脈沖。同時，單片機重新載入PC機通過串行通信微機發(fā)送的初始值。</p><p><b>　　C判斷指令的子程序</b></p>

15、<p>　　教學(xué)計劃的判斷上設(shè)置被稱為串行口中斷的程序。PC微機發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)到單片機。經(jīng)過單片機接收數(shù)據(jù)，并調(diào)用串口中斷子程序，其中第一次發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)被處理。如果第一個數(shù)據(jù)是一個數(shù)字symble“48”，串行口中斷分程序設(shè)置P1.4腳高，那么接下來的五個字節(jié)的數(shù)據(jù)用于確保步進電機的速度和步驟。如果第一個數(shù)據(jù)是一個數(shù)字symble“49”，這意味著步進電機反轉(zhuǎn)，則單片機接收到發(fā)送來的速度和步驟信息。否則，單片機判定接收到的數(shù)據(jù)是不

16、是“STOP”指令，如果是這樣，它發(fā)出“停止”指令驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)，如果沒有，他便推出中斷。</p><p>　　D發(fā)送中斷處理子程序</p><p>　　在發(fā)送中斷處理子程序負責(zé)將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到計算機，發(fā)送中斷狀態(tài)一般是關(guān)閉的。當通信方案完全由PC微機發(fā)送的數(shù)據(jù)交易，代碼為“1”可寫入發(fā)送緩沖區(qū)，隨著計算機接收符號“1”，這是說，單片機上執(zhí)行完全由PC微機發(fā)送的介紹。因此，串口中斷設(shè)置為“關(guān)閉”狀態(tài)

17、的單片機，他設(shè)定為“開”狀態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù)后再發(fā)送。因此，單片機返回到主程序和等待接收指令。</p><p>　　PC和單片機通信程序的設(shè)計</p><p>　　為了方便地實現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)軟件移植和統(tǒng)一，上位機程序的設(shè)計使用作為控制系統(tǒng)編程工具博蘭的C++Builder的5.0是一個PC編程的編程工具。串行口通信可以利用兩種方式：一是注冊組件，生成的C++本身并不提供單獨的串行通訊組件，但是它可通過已注冊

18、的Microsoft MSComm32成分，其中相對簡單的VB，VC的這種方式。第二種方法是調(diào)用Window API（應(yīng)用程序接口）函數(shù)，此函數(shù)是由操作系統(tǒng)提供，以提供大量的行政職能。該計劃的步驟是如下：</p><p>　　設(shè)置的通信協(xié)議，打開串行端口，這是所謂的初始化，然后阻止其他的程序使用串行端口。</p><p><b>　　配置串口。</b></p&g

19、t;<p>　　傳遞串口轉(zhuǎn)來的數(shù)據(jù)，驗證數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸過程。</p><p>　　關(guān)閉串口，使其他程序試用。</p><p>　　子接口很簡單，其中的子接口的設(shè)置，如波特率通信模塊的單芯片已被設(shè)置為2400Bps和波特率設(shè)置為在計算機上的端口的默認設(shè)置2400Bps。微機具有兩個串口，一般稱為COM1和COM2，以便程序可以自動識別串行端口，利于端口可以成功的發(fā)送和接收數(shù)據(jù)和指令

20、。</p><p>　　串行通信程序包括兩個方面，一方面是MCS-51單片機的通信程序，另一方面為PC機的通信程序。在編寫程序之前，制定其雙方通信協(xié)議是十分重要的，否則將無法保證通信數(shù)據(jù)的可靠性，從而失去通信的意義?，F(xiàn)約定其通信協(xié)議如下：</p><p>　　串行通信波特率為1200bps。</p><p>　　幀格式為：一位起始位，八位數(shù)據(jù)位，一位可編程的第九位（

21、此位為發(fā)送和接收的地址/數(shù)據(jù)的標志位），一位停止位。</p><p>　　設(shè)定單片機的地址碼為F1H。在傳送數(shù)據(jù)前先聯(lián)絡(luò)地址碼，如地址碼正確則傳送數(shù)據(jù)，否則繼續(xù)聯(lián)絡(luò)地址碼。</p><p>　　無奇偶校驗位。數(shù)據(jù)的通信采用累加和校驗的方法，即每傳送一組數(shù)據(jù)（個數(shù)自定，設(shè)為100個），校驗一次累加和是否正確，正確則回送00H，否則回送FFH。</p><p>　　通信

22、可以有中斷傳送方式和查詢方式。在這里介紹查詢方式通信。</p><p>　　聯(lián)絡(luò)方式為PC機主動聯(lián)絡(luò)MCS-51單片機。</p><p>　　PC機采用COM2通信。</p><p><b>　　四．結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　串口通信的硬件設(shè)計基于RS-232，PC機和單片機之間進行通信的軟件模塊使用C++編譯和

23、匯編語言編程。該控制系統(tǒng)在產(chǎn)業(yè)領(lǐng)域運行良好，并通過控制單個步進電機啟動/停止和正轉(zhuǎn)/反轉(zhuǎn)旋轉(zhuǎn)。PC危機通過友好的用戶界面向單片機發(fā)送控制指令。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻</b></p><p>　　【1】樊一支，姜文祥，陳梨園。串行通信控制的C++生成和RS232.北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2002年，第2-18</p><p>　　【

24、2】茍?zhí)K艾。C++Builder5.0的程序員指南。北京：北京希望電子出版社，2001年，第1-6</p><p>　　【3】劉艷玲。使用MAX232進行的MCS-51單片機與PC機之間的通信。天津科技，1999年，第56-58</p><p>　　【4】楊國霞。采用消息方式處理串口與主程序間的通訊。雜志：促進科技，2001年，河北省科學(xué)院卷。18（4）：220-223頁</p>

25、;<p>　　【5】黎步銀，江盛林，盧重，周東祥。基于C語言的串行通信程序設(shè)計。作者：</p><p>　　Transcluction技術(shù)，2002，卷。（2）第65-66</p><p>　　【6】王志忠。單片機和PC機之間的串行通信?，F(xiàn)代電子技術(shù)，2000,119，第68-7</p><p>　　The Designing of Serial Co

26、mmunication Base on RS232</p><p>　　Abstract-This Paper discussed the principle of serial communication mainly,proposed the design method based on RS232,designed the hard circuit of serial communication,and r

27、ealized the programming to PC Microcomputer and single chip microcomputer by using assembly language and C++ Builder separately,</p><p>　　Keywords-serial communication;single chip microcomputer;program desig

28、n</p><p>　　I.INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　During working in the control system,the PC microcomputer sends instructions for step-by-step motor to collect the image information.Therefore the communicatio

29、n between the PC microcomputer and the driving system is needed for the communication system.In general,a complete communication system consists of transmitter,receiver,converting the data interface and transmitting data

30、 channel.The control of tne step-by step motor is realized through the pulse distribution by single chip microcomputer.On</p><p>　　II. THE BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SERIAL PORT COMMUNITION</p><p>　　S

31、erial communication is the communication between sender and receiver data line,to move each time a bit.The advantage is that only a pair of transmission lines to send information,so its low cost,suitable for long-distanc

32、e communication;its disadvantage is that transmission speed is low.</p><p>　　Serial communication with asynchronous communication and synchronous communication are two basic means of communication.Synchronou

33、s communication for the case of high transmission speed,the hardware complexity.The asynchronous communication used in transmission speed between 50 and 19200 baud.Transmission is relatively common.In asynchronous commun

34、ication,data is transmitted frame by frame,each frame of serial data format by a start bit,5 to 8 data bits,a parity bit(optional) and a Stop bit of f</p><p>　　CMOS smart sensor IC has received wide applicat

35、ion for low cost,miniaturization,intelligence and standardization.In smart sensor IC designs,the communication interface circuits also play an important role other than sensors and signal processing circuits.There are mo

36、re serial communication standard interfaces,such as RS-232,RS-485,USB Interface,IEEE-1394,which has itself good features and also has focused on areas of application.RS-485 has a anti-noise capacity transmitting data,so

37、it is commonl</p><p>　　RS-32C standard</p><p>　　RS-232C is the American Electronics Industry Association(EIA) formally announced,in the asynchronous serial communication,the most widely used sta

38、ndard bus.The standard for DCE and DTE serial binary communication between the maximum data transfer rate of up to 19.2kbps,the longest transmission cables up to 15 meters RS-232C standard defines the 25-lead,two-way com

39、munication in general,just Serial input RXD,serial output TXD and ground GND1RS-232C standard levels using negative logic,the provisio</p><p>　　RS-232 is defined as the single-ended standards,which has much

40、characteristic,such as more communication distance in a low-speed serial communication,moderate price and good practically of the system,so it is most appropriate to be a communication port.RS-232 is an essential modern

41、computer interface,it includes ports COM1 and COM2,the port COM1 has 9-pin connector.The new generation computer has a 9-pin connector(DB9)so as to connect with the RS-232 communication port.In order to achieve reliab<

42、;/p><p>　　Figure 1. The RS-232 port</p><p>　　III. THE SOFTWARE DESIGN OF SERIAL PORT COMMUNICATION</p><p>　　The communication program of the single chip microcomputer communications wi

43、th PC computer by interrupt and PC computer is called as main controller.When the single chip computer receives the data singles sent by PC computer,then it calls interrupt service program.The flowchart of the interrupt

44、service main subprogram is shown in Figure 3.In order to fully exploit the efficiency of single chip computer to minimize CPU time occupied by communication,the control program will be we will promptly re</p><

45、p>　　A.The subprogram of serial port interrupts for receiving data</p><p>　　The subprogram of serial port interrupt for receiving data is mainly responsible for receiving data send by PC microcomputer and

46、storing the data into allocated memory(it does not deal with data so as to reduce the time taken up by interruptions). The data received by the single chip microcomputer includes little information ,such as speed,steps

47、and on/off instructions,and the buffers is large enough to send the computer,so the software shake hands protocol is omit so as to raises the CPU utili</p><p>　　B.The subprogram of sending the step-by-step i

48、mpulse</p><p>　　Using counter-timer of the single chip microcomputer time 0,as the fixed times complete,the p1.5 port is negated so as to periodically generate the driving pulses.</p><p>　　The t

49、ime 0 begins to count from initial value which to 65535,then the interrupt sub-program of timer 0 is called, in which the p1.5 port is negated to generate a driving pulse.Meanwhile,the single chip microcomputer loads aga

50、in the initial value which is send by the PC microcomputer by serial communication.</p><p>　　C.The subprograms of judging instruction</p><p>　　The program of judging instruction is set on the se

51、rial port interrupt program to be called.The PC microcomputer sends data to the single chip microcomputer.After the single chip microcomputer receives data,it sets the RI higher and called the serial port interrupt sub-p

52、rogram,in which the first data is processed.If the first data is a digital symbol “48”,the serial port interrupt sub-program sets P1.4 higher,then the next five bytes data is used to ensure the step-by-step motor’ speed

53、and steps</p><p>　　D.The processing subprogram of send interrupts</p><p>　　The processing subprogram of send interrupts is responsible to send data to the computer,sending interrupt state is off

54、 in the general.When the communication program completely deals with data with data sent by PC microcomputer,the symbol “1”can be written to send buffer.As the computer receives the symbol ”1”,it is said that single chip

55、 computer executes completely the introduction sent by PC microcomputer.Therefore the serial port interrupt is set as “off” state by the single chip microcompute</p><p>　　IV.THE DESIGN OF COMMUNICATION PROGR

56、AM OF PC MICROCOMPUTER AND SINGLE CHIP MICROCOMPUTER</p><p>　　In order to realize the system software easily grafted and uniformity,the program of upper computer is designed using the Boland C++ Builder 5.0

57、as a programming tool in the control system ‘s the Boland C++ Builder 5.0 as a programming tool for PC programming.The serial port communication can be utilized in two ways:First,register components,C++ Builder does not

58、 in itself provide a separate serial communication component,but it can be obtained through registered Microsoft MSComm32 components,in</p><p>　　Setting by communication protocol and opening the serial port,

59、which is called initialization,then blocking the other program to use the serial port.</p><p>　　Configuring the serial port.</p><p>　　Transmitting data by the serial port to and fro,verifying da

60、ta during transmission.</p><p>　　Closing the serial port as no needing it so that other program uses. </p><p>　　The sub-interface is simple,in which the setting on sub-interface parameters are

61、defaults,such as baud rate that single chip communication module has been set to 2400Bps and that the baud rate is set to 2400Bps in the computer setting on the ports.The PC microcomputer has two ports called as serial p

62、ort COM1 and COM2 generally,so the program can automatically identify serial port so that it can send and receive data and instructions successfully.</p><p>　　Serial communication program includes two aspect

63、s,one is MCS-51 micro-controller communication program,on the other hand for the PC,the communication process.In the preparation processes,the development of the two protocols is very important,otherwise it will not guar

64、antee the reliability of data communications,and thus lose the meaning of communication.The communication protocol is agreed as follows:</p><p>　　The serial communication baud rate is 1200bps.</p><

65、;p>　　The frame format is:a start bit,eight data bits,a programmable ninth bit(this bit is sent and received address/data flag),one stop bit.</p><p>　　Set the address of the micro-controller code F1H.Conta

66、ct before sending the data in the address code,such as the address code is the correct transmission of data,or to contact the address code.</p><p>　　No parity.The communication of data accumulation and verif

67、ication of the method,that is,each carrying one st of data (number of custom,is set to 100),a cumulative and whether the correct checksum,the right to send you back to the 00H,or loop back FFH.</p><p>　　Com

68、munication can interrupt transmission and query.Here are ways to search for in the communication.</p><p>　　PC-contact for the initiative to contract MCS-51 micro-controller.</p><p>　　PC machine

69、using COM2 communications. </p><p>　　VI. CONCLUSION</p><p>　　The hardware of serial port communication are designed based on RS232,and the software of communication module between PC microcom

70、puter and single chip microcomputer were programmed by using C++ Build and assembly language.The control system runs well on industry field,and controls the stepping motor’ Start/Stop and Forward/Reversal rotation by con

71、trolling single microcomputer sends out control instruction to the single microcomputer by friendly user interface.</p><p>　　REFERENCES</p><p>　　[1] Fan Yizhi , Jiang Wenxiang , Chen Liyuan. Ser

72、ial communication control based C++ Build and RS232.Beijing:Tsinguua University Press,2002,pp,2-18</p><p>　　[2] Gou Suai. C++Builder 5.0 Programmer’s Guide.Beijing:Beijing Hope Electronic Press,2001,pp,1-6&l

73、t;/p><p>　　[3] Liu Yanling. The Use of Communication Between MCS-51 Single Chip Microcomputer and PC Microcomputer with MAX232.Journal of Tianjing Institute of Technology,1999,Vol,15(2):pp.56-58</p><

74、p>　　[4] Yang Guoxia. Dealing With The Data Communication Between The Serial Port And The Main Program by Message.Journal of The Hebei Academy of Sciences,2001,Vol,18(4):pp,220-223</p><p>　　[5] Lin Buyin,J

75、iang Shenglin,Lu Wenzhong,Zhou Dongxiang.Serial Communication Programming Design Based on C Language.Journal of Transactional Technology,2002,Vol.(2),pp.65-66</p><p>　　[6] Wang Zhihong. The serial communicat