外文翻譯--網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊軟件的發(fā)展趨勢簡析

1、<p><b>　　中文4150字</b></p><p>　　Development trend brief analysis of the network </p><p>　　communication software </p><p>　　Along with the development of the informati

2、on science technology rapidly, the humanity will face the new technologies, new concepts one after another incessantly at any time. The development of the computer technology, the electronics industry, the network commun

3、ication and the transmission technology apace, made the timely communication great progress at some fields, and the C/S structure as the representative.</p><p>　　The Client - Server (C/S) technology evolves

4、from the host computer technology which the single processor system generates naturally, which may trace to the computer origin. In the host computer technology, data in system processing and the management is all comple

5、ted in the central. The host computer is revolving by the some periphery customer terminals which merely simply support information performance. In the period of the Client - Server technology, the client computer become

6、s the important</p><p>　　Recently the Client-Server technology is being replaced gradually by the N-tier Object Oriented solution. The N-tier solution Based on the Java application procedure server has conta

7、ined to support the thin client terminal user interface, strengthened the expandability and the reliability at the same time. Now the interconnection network is mostly based on IPv4 protocol. The success of the protocol

8、has facilitated the Internet rapid development. But, along with the Internet user quantity is incr</p><p>　　In order to settle Internet address crisis drastically, IETF has 128 bit addresses the IPv6 Intern

9、et protocol in the middle of 1990s early, and has carried on the further standardized work in 1998. Besides address space expansion, IETF made the definition to the IPv6 address structure. IETF assign the address which a

10、dopts the CIDR method in the IPv4 similarly. IPv6 has also provided the new characteristic to support the automatic disposition, the mobility and the security and so on better. At p</p><p>　　Called the netwo

11、rk file server, one of the most successful network technologies, comes from the Sun Microsystems Co. The Sun Microsystems Co. has become the actual standard successfully through providing the realized source code free re

12、ference technology visit authority on any platform. The network file server technology, another Sun Microsystems's technology, one of first generation of successful distributed computer technologies, is based on the

13、open style network computation. The network file</p><p>　　"Has the matter you Q I!", not long since this speech is widely popular both sides of the river during one night, becomes standard message

14、while people leave. The only word witnesses the co-prosperity and co-indignity history of the timely communication and the Chinese Internet. That can’t deny that, the timely communication facilities which take the fast,

15、interactive, easily as the representative, already became the network communication tool which the current network users mostly like. The oth</p><p>　　Along with Internet application is more and more rich in

16、 the years, "The Internet third war year" erupted drastically. After Tencent QQ have occupied the timely communication market 76.7%, Microsoft MSN, Net Easy POPO, Yahoo! Messenger, Skype and so on enter the mar

17、ket in abundance, strive to be the first strenuously.</p><p>　　Firstly, the immediate communication application will be even more multiform.</p><p>　　In later several years, people might the cle

18、arly feel that the chatted entertainment demand which the user demand timely communication is growing unceasingly, along with the timely communication facilities itself more and more richly. The application of the more p

19、rolific entertainment will already becomes the main development direction of the timely communication in future. In order to meet the user exuberant entertainment application need day by day, many timely communications s

20、ervices provider</p><p>　　Second, the timely communication even will be more and more absorbs the people’s attention, will manifest the community and Interaction</p><p>　　The analysis demonstrat

21、ed, the reason that the timely communication is developing in recent years swiftly and violently, is the important impetus factor not only the its itself function but also the Internet rapidly gathering user. According t

22、o the CNNIC statistics report: the user accessed the internet is total to 87 million users in our country until June 30, 2004, the computers accessed the internet have achieved 36.3 million computers, the network applica

23、tion of the timely communication serv</p><p>　　Following the Internet development and the network user demand, the comm- unity and the interaction which are absorbing a mass of users will also become the imp

24、ortant development tendency of the timely communication.</p><p>　　According to the concerned expert forecast that the network hypothesized life will become the hot spot of the Internet application in the fut

25、ure two or three years. The network user may have network life like the real life e.g. purchases homes, buys the vehicle, and raises the pet and so on. At the same time, the pure chatting tool is entrusting with the new

26、connotation, becomes a rich individual space. There are not only the friends who may chat with you, but also games, news, community, diary </p><p>　　The third tendency will be the even more outstanding funct

27、ion processing individual information of the immediate communication. Humanization will become the final factor of the immediate communication as the most quick and convenient communication tool. At present it already wa

28、s applied widely to in the daily work and the study. The user had affiliated with and saved the massive materials document on the Internet every day. Therefore, as the transmission information terminal, the individual in

29、fo</p><p>　　The fourth tendency is that the immediate communication even more emphasizes the Internet application conformity, the wireless Internet resources conformity in particular. Now the application of

30、the immediate communication and the exchange of the Internet information already merged into one organic body, so the each kind of service of the conformity Internet will become the inevitable trend which the immediate c

31、ommunication future will develop, which satisfies the immediate communication users s</p><p>　　The fifth tendency will be that the immediate communication even more manifests the security and the stability &

32、lt;/p><p>　　According as investigation demonstration, the user not only needs to realize the voice, audio frequency, video function and so on through the immediate communication ,but also the immediate communic

33、ation security along with each kind of data service application increasing. ID robbed, privacy exposition, viral invasion and so on is puzzling all along. In particular to the enterprise users, if the security measure is

34、 unreliable, the enterprise will pay the huge price for the bug. Without a doubt, </p><p>　　Because the entire industry did not yet formulates the immediate communication security standard, the fad immediate

35、 communication soft wares at present are all the files access、 the files transmission、the password input encryption simpleness, therefore which did not fully safeguard to user's use safety and privacy. QQ has adopted

36、 the design model of the advanced open secure system structure and 128 bit high strength encryption algorithm; it guarantee the security of the entire system through a s</p><p>　　From the birthday of the com

37、munication birth, the product stability is the concern user and enterprise in the extreme. In the present in the circumstances of the immediate communication application rapid development especially, the stability is the

38、 basis that the immediate communication guarantee user application, enhances product mucosity. Along with the unceasing breakthrough technical method, at present, the immediate communication product stability matures day

39、 by day, each kind of products o</p><p>　　The sixth tendency is that the amalgamation of the immediate communication between the social culture and the localization applies </p><p>　　After the i

40、mmediate communication has already become one custom that the users intercommunicate by the immediate communication, the human hotspot gathering will enlarge the immediate communication product mucosity non-doubtfully. T

41、he immediate communication users all have 20 - 30 good friends averagely in the Chinese at present. If they lose this communication interaction platform, the relation between the good friends will also break off along wi

42、th it. therefore it is identifiable that, the imm</p><p>　　Moreover, along with immediate communication product individual attribute strengthening and the application scope extending, the amalgamation betwee

43、n the immediate communication and the localization application will become product the main development tendency. This kind of amalgamation tendency will manifest firstly that the immediate communication service manages

44、and analyses business to the local user resources, and understands the local cultural , as well as product application unceasing opt</p><p>　　The experts in the domain express that the mature of the users an

45、d the technical progress actuate the industrial development like a double-frame-horse-drawn vehicle. The user demands appear diversiform、rich and colorful characteristic, but the network technology, the communication tec

46、hnology, the multimedia frequency technology and the network magnanimous resources also opened the condition for the Internet enterprises at the point that the users create value. Now it is the best opportunity that</

47、p><p>　　網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊軟件的發(fā)展趨勢簡析</p><p>　　隨著信息科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展，人類每時每刻都會面對層出不窮的新技術(shù)、新概念。計算機技術(shù)、電子業(yè)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信以及傳輸技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，使得即時通信在各方面都有了長足的發(fā)展，其中以C/S結(jié)構(gòu)為代表。</p><p>　　客戶端-服務(wù)器（C/S）技術(shù)最初是由基于主機的技術(shù)演化而來的?；谥鳈C的技術(shù)是單處理器系統(tǒng)的自然而

48、然的產(chǎn)物，可以追溯到計算的起源。在主機技術(shù)中，系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)據(jù)的處理和管理都是集中完成的。主機被很多外圍客戶終端圍繞著，而這些終端僅僅簡單地支持信息的表現(xiàn)。在客戶端-服務(wù)器技術(shù)時代，客戶端計算機成為了重要的處理資源。在個人計算機革命中客戶端系統(tǒng)的處理速度不斷上升，現(xiàn)在其處理速度可以與以前的小型機和大型機競爭了，甚至于超越了它們。最初為了支持部門和企業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)訪問，客戶端-服務(wù)器技術(shù)支持了通過局域網(wǎng)連接到后端大型機、小型機和工作站服務(wù)器系統(tǒng)。在

49、軟件層中支持這種通訊的技術(shù)稱為中間件（middleware）。最初，中間件是作為支持PC和服務(wù)器平臺之間的客戶端-服務(wù)器網(wǎng)絡(luò)通訊的常規(guī)能力安裝。隨著技術(shù)的發(fā)展，中間件被逐漸嵌入操作系統(tǒng)中，這樣它就變成了客戶端平臺和服務(wù)器平臺的一種普通的能力。嵌有中間件的客戶端系統(tǒng)現(xiàn)在支持對本地和通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)運行的應(yīng)用程序的服務(wù)?？蛻舳?服務(wù)器技術(shù)向嵌入能力的演化給應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)的執(zhí)行增加了少量的挑戰(zhàn)。 最近客戶端-服務(wù)器技術(shù)正在逐漸被N層面向?qū)ο蠼鉀Q

50、方案所代替。基于 Ja</p><p>　　現(xiàn)有的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)主要是基于IPv4協(xié)議的。這一協(xié)議的成功促成了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的迅速發(fā)展。但是，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶數(shù)量不斷增長以及對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的要求不斷提高，IPv4的不足逐漸凸現(xiàn)出來。其中最尖銳的問題就是不斷增長的對互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源的巨大需求與IPv4地址空間不足的先兆，目前可用的IPv4地址已經(jīng)分配了70%左右，其中，B類地址已經(jīng)耗盡。據(jù)IETF預(yù)測，基于IPV4的地址資源將會在2005年

51、~2010年枯竭；另外，由于IPv4地址方案不能很好地支持地址匯聚，現(xiàn)有的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)正面臨路由表不斷膨脹的壓力；同時，對服務(wù)質(zhì)量、移動性和安全性等方面的需求都迫切要求開發(fā)新一代IP協(xié)議。</p><p>　　為了徹底解決互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的地址危機，IETF早在20世紀(jì)90年代中期就提出了擁有128位地址的IPv6互聯(lián)網(wǎng)協(xié)議，并在1998年進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作。除了對地址空間的擴展以外，還對IPv6地址的結(jié)構(gòu)重新做了定義，采

52、用了與IPv4中使用的CIDR類似的方法分配地址。IPv6還提供了自動配置以及對移動性和安全性的更好支持等新的特性。目前，IPv6的主要協(xié)議都已經(jīng)成熟并形成了RFC文本，其作為IPv4的唯一取代者的地位已經(jīng)得到了世界的一致認(rèn)可。國外各大通信設(shè)備廠商都在IPv6的應(yīng)用與研究方面投入了大量的資源，并開發(fā)出了相應(yīng)的軟硬件。</p><p>　　最成功的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)之一來自于太陽微系統(tǒng)公司，稱為網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件服務(wù)器。太陽微系統(tǒng)公司

53、通過提供在任意平臺上的實現(xiàn)源代碼的免費參考技術(shù)訪問權(quán)，成功地成為了實際的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件服務(wù)器技術(shù)是基于開放式網(wǎng)絡(luò)計算的，這是太陽微系統(tǒng)公司的另一項技術(shù)，它是第一代成功的分布式計算機技術(shù)之一。網(wǎng)絡(luò)文件服務(wù)器是基于面向過程的技術(shù)，受到C編程語言的約束，就像其它的重要的遠(yuǎn)程過程調(diào)用技術(shù)（分布式計算環(huán)境）一樣。這兩種技術(shù)都導(dǎo)致了文件共享能力被廣泛地實現(xiàn)了。數(shù)據(jù)庫服務(wù)器技術(shù)利用這些下層的分布式計算能力來提供不同的客戶端平臺對數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)的遠(yuǎn)程訪問。

54、</p><p>　　“有事兒你Q我！”曾幾何時一夕之間這句話就紅遍了大江南北，成為人們臨別時的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)留言。恰恰也就是這一句簡單的話，就見證了即時通訊與中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)共生共榮的歷史。不可否認(rèn)，以快速、交互、簡便為代表的即時通訊工具，已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶最喜愛的網(wǎng)絡(luò)溝通工具。基于即時通信平臺的其他互聯(lián)網(wǎng)增值服務(wù)，如語音、音樂點播、信息共享等也在以前所未有的速度改變著人們的生活方式。 </p><p&g

55、t;　　這幾年，隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用越來越豐富，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)第三大戰(zhàn)年”徹底爆發(fā)。在占據(jù)即時通訊市場76.7％的騰訊QQ之后，微軟MSN、網(wǎng)易泡泡、雅虎通、Skype等紛紛進(jìn)入市場，使出渾身解術(shù)爭奇斗艷。</p><p>　　首先，是即時通訊的應(yīng)用將更加的豐富化</p><p>　　最近幾年，可以清楚的感覺到，隨著即時通訊工具本身應(yīng)用越來越豐富，用戶對即時通訊聊天之外的娛樂需求正在不斷增長，更加豐富

56、化的娛樂應(yīng)用已經(jīng)成為即時通訊未來重點的發(fā)展方向。為了滿足用戶日益旺盛的娛樂應(yīng)用需求，許多即時通訊服務(wù)提供商都在不斷的開發(fā)基于即時通訊平臺的豐富化應(yīng)用，例如：虛擬形象、魔法表情以及虛擬寵物等新的應(yīng)用層出不窮。</p><p>　　其次，是即時通訊將更加匯聚人氣，體現(xiàn)社區(qū)化和互動性</p><p>　　分析顯示，即時通訊之所以在近幾年發(fā)展迅猛，除了其本身的功能強大之外，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)用戶迅速匯聚的人氣

57、也是重要的推動因素，據(jù)CNNIC統(tǒng)計報告顯示，截止到2004年6月30日，我國上網(wǎng)用戶總數(shù)為8700萬，上網(wǎng)計算機達(dá)到3630萬臺，即時通信服務(wù)正和電子郵件、搜索引擎、上網(wǎng)瀏覽資訊等網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用一樣最大化的融入到了網(wǎng)民的日常生活中。 </p><p>　　跟隨互聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展和網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶需求的腳步，由人氣匯聚所帶來的社區(qū)化和互動性也將成為即時通訊的重要發(fā)展趨勢。 </p><p>　　據(jù)有關(guān)專家預(yù)測，

58、網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬生活在未來兩三年內(nèi)將成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的熱點，網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶可以在網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行買房，買車，養(yǎng)寵物等等與真實生活相似的網(wǎng)絡(luò)生活。同時，一個純粹的聊天工具，正在被賦予新的內(nèi)涵，成為一個豐富的個人空間，這里面不僅有可以聊天的朋友，還有游戲、新聞、社區(qū)、日記本等等?；ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上開辦校友錄，開創(chuàng)社區(qū)，為網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶提供日記撰寫的平臺，讓用戶建立自己的blog，正是為了滿足這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶對網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬生活的需求。 </p><p>　

59、　第三大趨勢是即時通訊將更加突顯個人信息處理的功能，人性化將成為即時通訊的決勝因素,作為最快捷方便的溝通工具，目前即時通訊已經(jīng)被廣泛的應(yīng)用到了日常的工作和學(xué)習(xí)中，即時通訊用戶每天都有大量的資料文件在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上往來或被保存，因此，作為信息傳輸?shù)慕K端，即時通訊個人信息處理的功能將根本上決定即時通訊產(chǎn)品本身的生命力，這其中不僅包括了文字對話、語音通話，視頻交流在內(nèi)的信息交互功能，還包括了文件傳輸，發(fā)送圖片的信息共享功能，同時還包括了聊天記錄的有

60、效保存，下傳下載的信息管理功能。</p><p>　　第四大趨勢是即時通訊將更加強調(diào)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用的整合，尤其是與無線互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源的整合,現(xiàn)在即時通訊的應(yīng)用與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息的交流已經(jīng)融為一體，用戶渴望通過即時通訊在最短時間內(nèi)最方便地獲得更豐富的資源。所以，整合互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的各種業(yè)務(wù)，滿足即時通訊用戶共享互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源，就成了即時通訊未來發(fā)展的必然趨勢。目前，新浪UC、網(wǎng)易泡泡擁有門戶網(wǎng)站的強大網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源，而微軟也正在借助MSN強化門戶

61、的影響力。即時通信應(yīng)用將呈現(xiàn)與傳統(tǒng)門戶網(wǎng)站、移動或固定終端、網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用增值服務(wù)的深度整合趨勢；在無線互聯(lián)網(wǎng)資源的整合中，隨著近兩年我國手機的應(yīng)用在不斷地被研究開發(fā)，人們越來越希望擺脫有“線”的束縛，渴望無“限”的自由。無線上網(wǎng)成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶寵兒，用手機登陸或接受來自internet的信息也受到用戶的青睞，尤其即時信息或消息。未來互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與無線網(wǎng)的融合是必然歸宿，即時通訊與無線網(wǎng)的互聯(lián)互通也是必由之路。隨著3G的開通，即時通訊用戶的移動需求更高

62、，即時通訊的移動增值服務(wù)將大有作為。</p><p>　　第五大趨勢是是即時通訊將更加體現(xiàn)安全性與穩(wěn)定性 </p><p>　　根據(jù)調(diào)查顯示，用戶不僅需要通過即時通訊實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)上話音、音頻、視頻等功能，而且，隨著各種數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用的增多，用戶對即時通訊的安全性提出了更高的要求。ID被盜、隱私暴露、病毒入侵等煩惱一直困擾著。尤其是對企業(yè)用戶來說，如果安全措施不可靠，企業(yè)將為即時通訊漏洞付出巨大代價

63、。毋庸置疑，安全已經(jīng)成為未來即時通訊保障基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)用的根本之道。 </p><p>　　由于整個行業(yè)尚未制定即時通訊安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，目前流行的即時通訊軟件都是明文存儲，明文傳輸，密碼輸入加密簡單，故而對用戶的使用安全與隱私?jīng)]有充分保障。“為了充分保證用戶信息和隱私的安全，QQ就采用了先進(jìn)的開放式安全體系的設(shè)計模型和128位高強度加密算法，通過一系列的復(fù)雜握手認(rèn)證機制來保證整個體系的安全性。未來將在現(xiàn)有基礎(chǔ)上確保用戶使用QQ

64、時的安全保護：一是進(jìn)一步本地信息存儲和網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息傳輸?shù)募用芩惴?；二是進(jìn)一步加強用戶的密碼安全；三是進(jìn)一步防止惡意鏈接和惡意病毒通過QQ進(jìn)行傳播。由此可見，技術(shù)保障雖是安全的基礎(chǔ)，但保護用戶安全的自覺性、主動性尤為重要，在這方面，QQ的承諾和表現(xiàn)令用戶感到滿意。騰訊QQ的產(chǎn)品工程師詳細(xì)解釋了QQ在安全方面的努力。 </p><p>　　而從即時通訊誕生之日起，產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定性就是用戶和企業(yè)最為關(guān)注的問題。尤其在目前即時通

65、訊應(yīng)用飛速發(fā)展的情況下，穩(wěn)定性才是即時通訊保證用戶應(yīng)用，提高產(chǎn)品粘性的基本。隨著技術(shù)手段的不斷突破，目前，即時通訊產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定性日趨成熟，各類即時通訊產(chǎn)品都能即時傳輸圖片、文檔、歌曲等任何格式的文件，甚至可以在短時間斷開網(wǎng)絡(luò)之后仍可以實現(xiàn)繼續(xù)傳輸信息，比如騰訊QQ的斷點續(xù)傳功能既能強力保持傳輸文件的穩(wěn)定性，也能在任何網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下暢通無阻，已成為廣大用戶傳輸文件的首選方式。　</p><p>　　第六大趨勢是即時通訊與

66、社會文化和本地化應(yīng)用的融合 </p><p>　　在用戶通過即時通訊進(jìn)行溝通已經(jīng)成為一種習(xí)慣后，人氣的匯聚無疑將加大即時通訊產(chǎn)品本身的粘性，目前中國即時通訊用戶的使用者平均都有20－30個好友，如果失去這個溝通互動的平臺，那好友間的聯(lián)系也將隨之中斷，因此可以肯定的是，即時通訊在聚集了一定的人氣之后，將逐漸成為一種時尚潮流，進(jìn)而成為一種社會文化現(xiàn)象，群、社區(qū)和博客功能都在幫助用戶在一個可以延伸的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行著觀點和看

67、法的交流，傳播正確的文化導(dǎo)向和價值訴求也是即時通訊發(fā)展中面臨的重要課題。</p><p>　　另外，隨著即時通訊產(chǎn)品個人屬性的加強和應(yīng)用范圍延伸，與本地化應(yīng)用的融合將成為即時通訊產(chǎn)品的主要發(fā)展趨勢，這種融合的趨勢將首先體現(xiàn)在即時通訊服務(wù)商對本地用戶資源的管理、分析，對本地文化的理解，以及基于本地用戶需求基礎(chǔ)上，對產(chǎn)品應(yīng)用的不斷優(yōu)化；其次這種融合的趨勢還在于即時通訊與本地互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、電信網(wǎng)等資源的整合，協(xié)同為用戶提供更

68、高的價值；另外，本地化的趨勢還將體現(xiàn)在為本地用戶提供更高質(zhì)量的服務(wù)。</p><p>　　業(yè)內(nèi)專家表示用戶的成熟和技術(shù)的進(jìn)步像雙架馬車一樣驅(qū)動著產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，</p><p>　　用戶需求正在呈現(xiàn)多樣化、豐富化的特征，而網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、信息通信技術(shù)、多媒體</p><p>　　音視頻技術(shù)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)海量資源也為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)企業(yè)為用戶創(chuàng)造價值開辟了條件，現(xiàn)在是</p>&l

69、t;p>　　即時通訊向產(chǎn)業(yè)化、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化發(fā)展的最好機遇，即時通訊將真正成為互聯(lián)網(wǎng)產(chǎn)業(yè)的</p><p><b>　　亮點。</b></p><p>　　09/20 11:46 102機體齒飛面孔雙臥多軸組合機床及CAD設(shè)09/08 20:02 3kN微型裝載機設(shè)計</p><p>　　09/20 15:09