外文翻譯--液壓支架

1、<p><b>　　翻譯部分</b></p><p><b>　　英文原文</b></p><p>　　Introduction. </p><p>　　China's coal reserves, the distribution of a wide range of complex condition

2、s of occurrence and distribution of the 1.3 m ~ 3.5m. dip below 25 degrees, in the middle of stability and stability which the following conditions under the roof of the seam, with its output accounting for about 86% of

3、total output. China's overall mining face in the distribution of relief to the majority of which tilt stability and the stability which the roof above the thick seam, and the other conditions under the se</p>

4、<p>　　1. Variety Series hydraulic supports the reasonable structure in our country, the conditions are good face, financial strength of the mining area basically the use of the fully mechanized.</p><p>

5、　　Although some other mining areas fully mechanized, but with the intensity of development, face increasingly worse conditions, the strike length has become increasingly short. difficult mining coal seam imbalance is get

6、ting worse. With a mine or mines with a used one, two types of stents it difficult to adapt to all the coal face and conditions the purchase of F-wide huge investment and technology is not necessarily economically reason

7、able, the majority of small and medium-sized mine funding diff</p><p>　　First, to continue to improve the sliding roof beam-type structure, and improve its function. further expand the scope of use; </p&g

8、t;<p>　　Second, the transformation of poor use of the Crib and Festival stent, as structure, F-more reasonable and more adaptable to the shifting light from the stent; </p><p>　　Third, the development

9、 of more innovative functional whole, structure and working methods more reasonable new light since the shift stent. As a result, there is a very complete portable hydraulic support series. High-grade general mining will

10、 be simple to fully mechanized mining development, general mining to the high-grade general mining transition, not an increase in investment in the circumstances, so that the majority of the mechanized coal mining to imp

11、rove the general level a notch. </p><p>　　2. Hydraulic supports the technical status quo. In recent years, China's comprehensive mechanization of coal mining level has increased, With integrated mechaniz

12、ed mining technology and the development of new high-power Shearer, the conveyor's emergence require a corresponding stent, but the stent control system without corresponding improvement is not enough to meet the req

13、uirements. So far, My homemade hydraulic support control remained in hand with a one-way plane-o-control or the control lev</p><p>　　3. Fully-development Simple Light stent prospects. Mechanized mining in th

14、e central part of the stent is supporting. China's more than 300 existing high-grade general mining operations and the use of hydraulic prop bracing, slow, labor-intensive, production falters, and the high failure ra

15、te of stent, the maintenance cost is high. If a small investment (about Fully-14 - 16), high-grade general mining face development as simple fully mechanized coal face. Supporting intensity of the stent realize</p>

16、<p>　　4. Conclusion. After nearly 30 years of development and hard work, China's hydraulic support in the design, manufacture level has been improving. especially in the gently inclined thick seam of hydraulic

17、 support has accumulated considerable experience, the basic frame-type has become mature, perfect, in the variety and quality with the advanced international level gap is getting smaller and smaller. But the control comp

18、onents and control systems and products in advanced countries there is a larg</p><p>　　References : </p><p>　　[1] Zhu Shi-shun. Talk about the hydraulic support Variety Series qualified structur

19、e [J]. Mine machinery, 1990 (3) : 3-5.</p><p>　　[2] Rong PENG Xi-Wen. hydraulic support control and the prospects of the development [J]. Mine machinery, 1990 (11) :1-3.</p><p>　　[3] with Yang M

20、in Wang Yue Fei. Comprehensive up to domestic development and supporting equipment Thoughts [J]. Mine Machinery, 1999 (8) : 2-3. </p><p><b>　　中文翻譯</b></p><p><b>　　引 言.</b>

21、;</p><p>　　我國的煤層儲量多,分布范圍廣,賦存條件復(fù)雜,分布在1.3m~3.5m、傾角在25度以下,處于中穩(wěn)及中穩(wěn)以下頂板條件下的煤層,其產(chǎn)量約占總產(chǎn)量的86%。我國的綜采工作面絕大部分分布在緩傾斜中穩(wěn)及中穩(wěn)以上頂板的中厚煤層,而其它條件下的煤層,現(xiàn)有的液壓支架適應(yīng)性差,使用效果不理想。就全國來說,由于地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜和資金不足等原因,雖然經(jīng)過十幾年的努力,綜采程度仍只有21%,而國外發(fā)達(dá)國家綜采程度一般

22、已達(dá)70%~80%。從我國近幾年的支護(hù)改革來看,投資巨大的綜采發(fā)展十分緩慢,而單體液壓支柱工作面卻有了大發(fā)展,少數(shù)礦區(qū)已基本上實(shí)現(xiàn)了單體液壓支柱化。我國綜采液壓支架的推廣使用,目前還存在許多亟待解決的問題。</p><p>　　1. 液壓支架品種系列的合理結(jié)構(gòu)在我國,條件好的工作面、資金雄厚的礦區(qū)基本上都用上了綜采。</p><p>　　其它礦區(qū)雖有部分綜采,但隨著開發(fā)強(qiáng)度加大,工作面條件

23、越來越差,走向長度越來越短,難開采的煤層回采失調(diào)越來越嚴(yán)重。同一個礦區(qū)或同一個礦,用一、二種支架難以適應(yīng)全部的煤層及工作面條件,購買繁多的架型投資巨大且技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)上不一定合理,大多數(shù)中小型礦井資金困難,而且現(xiàn)有的一些液壓支架也很難適應(yīng)這些礦井的地質(zhì)及生產(chǎn)技術(shù)條件。由以上分析可知,一方面我國煤礦支護(hù)機(jī)械化程度很低,而另一方面液壓支架生產(chǎn)廠家吃不飽,問題就在于沒有適合大多數(shù)地質(zhì)及生產(chǎn)技術(shù)條件的支架品種系列。縱觀我國煤礦和支架生產(chǎn)廠家的實(shí)際情況

24、,我們認(rèn)為,發(fā)展我國的煤礦支護(hù)產(chǎn)品品種系列,要走與綜采、簡易綜采、高檔普采和普采全面配套的道路,目前要把重點(diǎn)放在簡易綜采支護(hù)產(chǎn)品的研究和開發(fā)上。對于液壓自移支架,要進(jìn)一步提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,完善功能,改進(jìn)結(jié)構(gòu),降低成本和增強(qiáng)支架的適應(yīng)性。要繼續(xù)完善和創(chuàng)新特殊開采條件下的特殊支架。對于單體液壓支柱,雖然有了發(fā)展,但存在的問題還很多,主要有三:用閥不過關(guān),支柱維修量大、損壞率高,支、拆、搬運(yùn)全是手工操作,勞動強(qiáng)度大;單體液壓支柱與金屬鉸接頂梁配套

25、效率低。因此,單體液壓支柱也要提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量,降低成本,研制與之配套的</p><p>　　首先,繼續(xù)改進(jìn)滑移頂梁等架型的結(jié)構(gòu),完善其功能,進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大使用范圍;</p><p>　　第二,改造使用效果差的垛式和節(jié)式支架,使其成為結(jié)構(gòu)、架型更合理,適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)的輕便自移支架;</p><p>　　第三,研制創(chuàng)新功能更全、結(jié)構(gòu)和工作方式更合理的新型輕便自移支架。這樣一來,就

26、有一個十分完整的輕便液壓支架系列。將高檔普采向簡易綜采發(fā)展,將普采向高檔普采過渡,在投資增加不大的情況下,使廣大煤礦的機(jī)械化開采水平普遍提高一個檔次。</p><p>　　2 .液壓支架的技術(shù)現(xiàn)狀.</p><p>　　近年來,我國采煤綜合機(jī)械化的水平有所提高,隨著綜合機(jī)械化采煤技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和新型大功率采煤機(jī)、工作面輸送機(jī)的出現(xiàn),要求支架與之相配套,但若支架的控制系統(tǒng)不作相應(yīng)的改進(jìn),是滿

27、足不了這一要求的。到目前為止,我國國產(chǎn)液壓支架的控制方式仍然停留在跟機(jī)手把單向鄰架控制或本架控制水平。這種控制方式,雖然具有控制系統(tǒng)簡單、制造容易、造價較低和對煤層地質(zhì)條件變化適應(yīng)性較強(qiáng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),但它存在嚴(yán)重缺點(diǎn):①工人勞動條件差,安全性差;②移架速度慢,影響采煤機(jī)效率的發(fā)揮;③通風(fēng)條件差,支架故障率高;④支架支護(hù)效能的發(fā)揮程度與操作人員的經(jīng)驗(yàn)多少和技能高低有密切關(guān)系。液壓支架實(shí)現(xiàn)自動控制后,就可有效地克服上述缺點(diǎn),實(shí)現(xiàn)對支架的電液控制,

28、而且有多種控制方式可供選擇,人員可在較安全的地方集中對整個工作面的支架進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程控制或程序控制?，F(xiàn)在國外的普通綜采工作面液壓支架已實(shí)現(xiàn)了微機(jī)紅外線電液自動控制,可成組、成排地向前移架,額定供液壓力達(dá)到40MPa,流量300Lmin~450Lmin,供液管徑100mm~120mm,移架速度超過了10組min。而國產(chǎn)液壓支架還是中低壓小管徑供液,人工手動操作?，F(xiàn)場實(shí)際統(tǒng)計(jì),前移一組支架大約需</p><p>　　3 .

29、發(fā)展簡易綜采輕便支架的前景.</p><p>　　機(jī)械化開采的中心環(huán)節(jié)是支架的配套。我國現(xiàn)有300多個高檔普采工作面,使用單體液壓支柱支護(hù),速度慢,勞動強(qiáng)度大,產(chǎn)量上不去,而且支架損壞率高,維修費(fèi)用大。如果用少量的投資(約是綜采的14~16),將高檔普采工作面發(fā)展為簡易綜采工作面,支護(hù)強(qiáng)度加大了,支架實(shí)現(xiàn)自移并在一定程度上帶壓移架,工作面的頂板管理將有明顯改善,單產(chǎn)、效益將會大幅度地提高。簡易綜采的機(jī)械化水平雖然

30、趕不上大型綜采,但其適應(yīng)性較大,適用范圍更廣,投資比高檔普采增加不多,機(jī)械化程度卻大為提高,勞動強(qiáng)度大為降低。對于一些大型液壓支架難以適應(yīng)的礦區(qū)及其它一些資金困難的中小型礦井、地方煤礦,發(fā)展簡易綜采,無疑是提高回采機(jī)械化水平,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和保障生產(chǎn)安全,改善工人勞動條件的一條行之有效的技術(shù)途徑。</p><p><b>　　4 .結(jié)語.</b></p><p>　　經(jīng)

31、過近30年的發(fā)展和努力,我國液壓支架的設(shè)計(jì)、制造水平在不斷提高,特別是在緩傾斜中厚煤層的液壓支架方面積累了相當(dāng)豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),架型已基本趨于成熟、完善,在品種和質(zhì)量方面與國際先進(jìn)水平相比差距越來越小。但在控制元件和控制系統(tǒng)方面,與先進(jìn)國家的產(chǎn)品相比還有較大差距。所以,今后除應(yīng)繼續(xù)針對我國國情和煤層具體條件,開發(fā)一些新架型、新品種外,還應(yīng)在改進(jìn)支架控制系統(tǒng)和提高支架的工作可靠性方面下功夫。</p><p><b&

32、gt;　　參考文獻(xiàn):</b></p><p>　　[1] 朱詩順.談?wù)勔簤褐Ъ芷贩N系列的合格結(jié)構(gòu)[J].煤礦機(jī)</p><p>　　械,1990(3):3-5.</p><p>　　[2] 彭錫文.液壓支架的自動控制及其發(fā)展前景[J].煤礦機(jī)</p><p>　　械,1990(11):1-3.</p><p&g