外文翻譯--汽車分動(dòng)箱

1、<p>　　所謂分動(dòng)箱，就是將發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力進(jìn)行分配，分別輸出給前軸和后軸的裝置。從這個(gè)角度可以看出，分動(dòng)箱實(shí)際上是四驅(qū)車上的一個(gè)配件。隨著四驅(qū)技術(shù)的發(fā)展，分動(dòng)箱也一直進(jìn)行著改變，并逐漸形成了風(fēng)格迥異的分動(dòng)箱，匹配在不同訴求的四驅(qū)車上，它們的基本原理和功能也都是各不相同的。 最早的四驅(qū)技術(shù)，是基于提高車輛的通過性開發(fā)的，我們把它稱作越野四驅(qū)。這類車型的鼻祖威利斯吉普，就是二戰(zhàn)美軍為了加強(qiáng)前線步兵和指揮官作戰(zhàn)的機(jī)動(dòng)性開發(fā)出

2、來的。它采用的分動(dòng)箱是最基本的分時(shí)四驅(qū)分動(dòng)箱，是一種純機(jī)械的裝置。這種結(jié)構(gòu)的分動(dòng)箱，在掛上4驅(qū)模式的時(shí)候，前后軸是剛性連接的，可以實(shí)現(xiàn)前后動(dòng)力50∶50的分配，對(duì)于提高車輛的通過性非常有利。另外由于它的純機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)，可靠性很高，這對(duì)于經(jīng)常在缺少救援的荒野行駛的車型是至關(guān)重要的。即使到現(xiàn)在，仍然有大量的硬派越野車采用這種分動(dòng)箱，就是基于它這個(gè)特點(diǎn)。下面我們就來看看這種分動(dòng)箱的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和原理。 在此類車型的分動(dòng)箱擋把上，我們會(huì)看到2H

3、、4H、N、和4L的切換擋位。當(dāng)掛2H時(shí)，此類車型就是一臺(tái)后驅(qū)車，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力經(jīng)過變速箱以后，通過一根傳動(dòng)軸直接連接到后軸上。而分動(dòng)箱的作用，</p><p>　　這個(gè)稱呼是三菱的，一直以來也被看做是三菱的看家技術(shù)。 從分動(dòng)箱的擋把看，它更像是傳統(tǒng)的分時(shí)四驅(qū)系統(tǒng)，所不同的是，它是具備中央差速器的。當(dāng)掛上4H的時(shí)候，不僅能在沙石路面上高速行駛，也能在普通公路上實(shí)現(xiàn)公路四驅(qū)的功能。而它提供的4HLC和4LLC

4、選項(xiàng)，則是鎖上了中央差速鎖的四驅(qū)模式，在這個(gè)時(shí)候，它與分時(shí)四驅(qū)的4H和4L的功能是一樣的。 之所以三菱稱之為超選，實(shí)際上是因?yàn)樗人械乃尿?qū)系統(tǒng)可選擇的范圍都要多。一般的全時(shí)四驅(qū)車，只能選擇四驅(qū)行駛，在不需要四驅(qū)的時(shí)候，這樣的方式顯然不經(jīng)濟(jì)；而適時(shí)四驅(qū)雖然可以實(shí)現(xiàn)兩驅(qū)，但在四驅(qū)的時(shí)候無法達(dá)到真正的全時(shí)四驅(qū)的性能；分時(shí)四驅(qū)就不用說了，它完全不能實(shí)現(xiàn)公路四驅(qū)駕駛。而所有這些，超選四驅(qū)都能選擇—想經(jīng)濟(jì)性好，就掛上2H，想公路全時(shí)四驅(qū)就

5、掛上4H，想達(dá)到與傳統(tǒng)分時(shí)四驅(qū)一樣的通過性，就掛上4HLC或者4LLC。</p><p>　　The so-called transfer case, is the power of the engine for the distribution, output to front axle and rear axle respectively of the device. From this point of v

6、iew can see, transfer case is actually the raider buggies a accessories. Along with the raider buggies technology development, the transfer case also has been the change, and gradually form the style different transfer

7、 case, matching the raider is in different appeal, their basic principle and function are also different. </p><p>　　The first raider technology, is based on the improve vehicle through sexual development, w

8、e called it the cross-country raider buggies. This kind of car is the ancestor of the second world war, American troops Willis jeep in order to strengthen the front line infantry and commander of the development of mobil

9、ity out of combat. It used Transfer case is the most basic points raider Transfer case, is a pure mechanical device.The structure of the Transfer case, hang up the 4 flooding patterns, rear</p><p>　　In this

10、kind of car Transfer case on the block, we will see 2H,4H,N and 4L switching gears. When hang 2H, such models is a whip, the power of the engine driving after gearbox, through a shaft after root connected directly to the

11、 rear axle. And Transfer case role, which is in the gearbox, and then lead to an output terminal, and through the mute chain, will power transfer to the front axle output shaft. Of course, this is not to direct connectio

12、n, it will not switch 4 flooding and 2 flooding. In </p><p>　　But the truth is not so simple, in order to improve the performance of this kind of Transfer case through, there will still be one block, also is

13、 the strength of the block on 4L model. In the gearbox, more than the gear tooth, when hung up the gear, can provide a much higher than daily driving the main transmission. We found that when we need to hang 4L, must go

14、through a N block, at this time will power and each transmission shaft separated, and hang up 4L, will be through to this tooth more th</p><p>　　Know the principle, we take a look at this Transfer case each

15、mode of operation characteristics. Familiar with traditional suvs, having know this Transfer case, in 2H and 4H, we do not need to switch between parking, can generally in the 80 km/hour per hour free switch. And switch

16、to 2L, it must stop switch, or fundamental hang in, is this why? </p><p>　　Whether 2H mode or 4H mode, the power is always connected with rear-axle, the rear wheels wheel and engine speed completely match. B

17、ut at this time as long as no sliding, front wheel and rear wheel speed is same, so in 2H and 4H switch between, engine speed and output shaft speed is before the match, even without synchronizer, also can switch. So in

18、2H mode and 4H mode, can switch between the onboard, need not stop switch. But in the 4L mode switch, it was completely different. From 4H switch</p><p>　　This Transfer case between front axle is not betw

19、een the differential, therefore in the high adhesion of the ROAD can only hang 2H, 4 flooding mode is only in the gravel ROAD and OFF ROAD sections to improve-through sexual and design. So the method of this Transfer cas

20、e buggies are generally hard-line rovers, it in the OFF-ROAD sections it bad, but in the highway is average performance. </p><p>　　The early time, is totally by manual raider switch, later, there was electri

21、c switch points raider buggies, it the basic principles and manual switching points raider is same, but all of the switch is through the motor to complete it. </p><p>　　1.Transfer case full-time raider buggi

22、es </p><p>　　With the development of the technology of raider buggies, people are not satisfied with just four drove cross-country only. In the highway, the raider buggies technology vehicles can offer a bet

23、ter driving force and control performance, so full-time raider was born. </p><p>　　Hard shaft link of raider buggies can't achieve highway raider driving the main reason, is it not in freeway turn. Becau

24、se in when turning, each wheel crushes the arc length different, this means that each of the wheel speed are not the same. In fact, the speed of the front wheel is will be higher than the rear wheels, if the rigid to the

25、 power of the engine through the drive shaft before and after assigned to the wheel, then the before and after the wheel speed must be consistent, the contradic</p><p>　　In order to resolve the contradiction

26、, the engineer in thansfer joined the a differential, this is we are now often say the central differential. The differential is open differentials, structure and the differential between front axle, as well as the outpu

27、t shaft transmission through planetary gear set will power distribution to rear axle before. According to the principle of differential open mode, it can adjust the speed difference. This structure is even full-time raid

28、er? The prototype of th</p><p>　　In order to solve this problem, different engineer USES two different project.</p><p>　　One is the differential limit. We already know, open mode will be passed

29、to the power differential resistance smaller wheels, by that if we give the car a resistance on human nature, the power can be passed to the no sliding (there are still grip the wheels of). Its basic structure is a kind

30、of similar to the device, but it clutch many groups, we called it the multi-gear clutch type differential limit device. In the differential shell and two output shaft each have a set of pieces of steel, thei</p>&

31、lt;p>　　Another is the central differential lock. It actually is equivalent to need to improve through the sex, can be hard to realize between front axle shaft link, power, according to 50 50 assigned to rear axle befo

32、re. Its basic structure is in between, between front axle with friction, the current round of steel or rear wheels skid, mechanical device will through the electromagnetic valve control of both a bite to realize the fixe

33、d, 50 50 power distribution. There is a full-time raider buggies, that</p><p>　　This structure can solve the problem of poor speed, plays the role of open differential, at the same time can automatically wil

34、l power distribution to the resistance of the biggest problems that have the function of the differential limit. It can achieve 25%-75% of power between free distribution, and all this is through the core of it, to reali

35、ze the differential's, more magical is, the "spider's without the use of any electromagnetic device that is pure mechanical. No matter how advanced elect</p><p>　　And full-time raider matching a

36、nd electronic differential braking, is mainly used to adjust or so the wheel speed difference, before the lock and differential equivalent after differential lock. And the differential limit, compared the energy loss is

37、bigger, generally do not to realize the wheels of before and after power distribution. </p><p>　　2.The raider Transfer case timely </p><p>　　After that, some manufacturer's engineers found t

38、hat not all need raider system of the road, for example in the normal cruising highway driving, only through the two wheel drive was completely can meet all driving demand. If this time still use a full-time raider buggi

39、es, neither economy, also don't have to. Therefore, in most cases only two wheel drive, and when necessary to be automatic into the raider buggies timely raider was born. </p><p>　　Timely raider buggies

40、also have two solutions, one with Honda CR-V, as a representative of the cohesive shaft quarter even through implementation; A is above generation of 4 MATIC-as a representative of the through the multi-gear clutch reali

41、zed. Although they can achieve normal when two wheel drive, the drive wheels skid automatically through the effect of raider buggies, but yet there are differences between the structure and function. </p><p>

42、;　　CR-V as a representative of this kind of timely raider Transfer case structure most simple, it is based on the horizontal buy before the engine front wheel drive technology platform, in two aspects, and flooding the c

43、ar platform is exactly the same as before. On this basis, the engineer in the gearbox brings the root to rear axle output shaft, and driving axle differential between, use the cohesive shaft quarter even connection. Even

44、 in the shaft section is filled with silicone oil, it is charac</p><p>　　A generation 4 MATIC-as a representative of the timely Transfer case raider buggies, structure than even shaft section of the sticky t

45、imely raider is more complicated, and the above the central differential lock some similar, it is through the electromagnetic clutch to realize the raider buggies. It is also based on two flooding platform is developed,

46、the raider buggies system in one end of the transmission in the basin type gear shaft brings the root will power transfer to front wheel, by conne</p><p>　　Along with the structure of the raider buggies the

47、further development of technology, and now some of the vehicles already made the power of the free distribution, a lot of official propaganda the raider buggies also known as full-time raider buggies, in fact is not accu

48、rate. And is equipped with central differential locks, compared to the real full-time raider buggies on multi-gear clutch realize power distribution of so-called full-time raider buggies, only 50% of the power distributi

49、on, and g</p><p>　　3.Super choose Transfer case raider buggies </p><p>　　This call is the mitsubishi, long can also be seen as mitsubishi special technology. </p><p>　　From the Tran

50、sfer case block to see, it is more like traditional timeshare raider system, which differs is, it is equipped with central differential. When hung up 4H, not only in ShaShiLu face high-speed, also can be in ordinary high

51、way to realize the function of the raider buggies highway. And it provides four HLC and 4LLC options, is locked the central differential lock mode of raider buggies, at this time, it and points of raider buggies 4H and 4

52、L function is the same. </p><p>　　Mitsubishi is called super choose, in fact because than all the raider buggies system can the scope of the choice. The general full-time buggies, can only choose raider is t

53、raveling in don't need raider buggies, this way clearly not economy; And timely raider although can realize two flooding, but in the raider can not reach the real full-time raider performance; Raider points need not