手機類畢業(yè)設(shè)計外文翻譯

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1、　　學(xué)號：07416522　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）外文翻譯　　（2011屆）　　外文題目 Introduction to the iPhone 　　譯文題目

2、 iPhone 說明書 　　外文出處 WowBook.Com 　　Introduction to the iPhone　　We are about to study

3、 the idea of a computational process. Computational processes are abstract beings that inhabit computers. As they evolve, processes manipulate other abstract things called data. The evolution of a process is directed by

4、a pattern of rules called a program. People create programs to direct processes. In effect, we conjure the spirits of the computer with our spells.　　The iPhone is one of the most distinctive game pla

5、tforms currently available. The touch　　screen, integration with iTunes, programming in Objective-C, low development cost,　　and ease of publishing all make for a very strange but

6、promising new development　　opportunity. As the newest kid on the block, the iPhone instantly captured a noticeable　　portion of the mobile phone market and inspired a wave of copy

7、cat devices by makers　　such as Motorola, Samsung, and LG.　　As a programmer, you might not be impressed with sales figures and market shares,　　but you should

8、be interested in the viability of the iPhone as a whole. If no one owns　　an iPhone, no one will buy the games you make for it. The good news is that even in　　the face of the 2009

9、 economic downturn, iPhones continued to sell.　　To get started with the iPhone, you’ll need to get a free Apple developer account. Next　　you’ll download the iPhone SDK on your Ma

10、c, which also contains the Xcode IDE and　　Interface Builder tool for laying out screens. (Apple doesn’t provide a toolkit for Windows　　or any other non-Mac platform.) And because

11、 the iPhone API requires you to　　write in Objective-C, you will need to read a primer on the language if you do not　　already understand it. This chapter takes you step by step th

12、rough all of these tasks.　　Apple Developer Account and Downloading the SDK　　The first step in setting up your iPhone development environment is to register an Apple&l

13、t;p>　　developer account. Signing up for an account is free and gives you access to Apple’s　　online documentation, tutorial videos, and the SDK download:　　1. Go to http://devel

14、oper.apple.com/iphone/.　　2. Click the Register link, and then click Start Now. Choose the option to create a　　new Apple ID, or to log in using an Apple ID from an iTunes or App S

15、tore account.　　3. Once you have registered, you can log in to the iPhone Dev Center.　　4. Apple may already have emailed you a link to download the free SDK, or you may

16、　　choose to download the SDK using the link from the website. Note that you should　　not download Xcode separately because it is included within the SDK download　　packag

17、e (and the version of Xcode that comes with the SDK may be newer than　　what is otherwise available).　　5. Once downloaded, install the SDK, which will make Xcode and Interface Bui

18、lder　　accessible to you in the /Developer/Applications folder on your hard drive (you can　　also activate Spotlight and search for Xcode and Interface Builder to launch either<

19、/p>　　application quickly).　　The free developer account will allow you to build applications and run them in a　　simulator on your Mac. However, to load your applicat

20、ion onto a phone, you will also　　need to sign up for the paid developer program. This requires a small annual fee, so　　even if you are a private developer, it won’t hurt your wal

21、let too much:　　1. Go to http://developer.apple.com/iphone/program/apply.html.　　2. You will have two options: Standard Program and Enterprise Program. If you are<p&

22、gt;　　writing games for the general public, you probably do not want the Enterprise　　Program. If you read closely, you will notice the Enterprise Program is actually for　　creating

23、 applications that only you and your company will use internally. If you　　plan to create games that will be sold via the App Store, rest assured that the　　Standard Program is the

24、 correct choice for you.　　3. Select Enroll Now and log in if necessary.　　4. You now have another choice: enroll as an individual or as a company. If you　　cho

25、ose Individual, you will not be able to add other programmers or quality assurance　　members to your account, which is necessary to distribute your application　　to others during t

26、he development and testing process. However, if you select Company,　　you will be required to provide detailed information about your company.　　5. Continue through the website, se

27、lecting the appropriate information, until you　　arrive at a screen that says “Thank you for submitting your enrollment.””Now you　　must wait for an email from Apple (which may tak

28、e on the order of a month to　　arrive).　　Signing up for the paid developer program will also give you access to　　beta releases of future ve

29、rsions of the iPhone OS and SDK, but only　　during the times at which Apple chooses to make them available.　　It is good to get your paid developer account enrollment going as soon

30、 as possible so　　that it will be available when you actually need it.　　Application Bundles　　When you build an application using Xcode, the end result is call

31、ed an application　　bundle. In Mac OS X and the iPhone, an application bundle is a special type of directory　　2 | Chapter 1: Introduction to the iPhone　　Downl

32、oad at WoweBook.Com　　that holds an executable file and the resources needed to run it. This includes an icon　　to represent the application, files with special information about t

33、he application, and　　any images or sounds the application uses.　　In the Finder, an application bundle simply appears as its application　　icon; right-click or

34、 Ctrl-click on it and select View Package Contents　　from the menu to see what’s inside.　　Although you can’t do this on the iPhone, you can find iPhone applications<

35、;p>　　in the iPhone Simulator. If you have the iPhone SDK installed,　　you can use Spotlight to search for the MobileSafari.app file. Show this　　file in the Finder (don’t try to

36、 run it on your Mac), and view its package　　contents (some of which appears in the following list).　　A typical iPhone application bundle might have the following structure:</p

37、>　　Executable　　(Required.) This is the compiled code executable; it will typically have the same　　name as your application. In MobileSafari.app, this is the file na

38、med MobileSafari.　　Info.plist　　(Required.) This is a collection of properties, in key-value pair form, that specifies　　important information about your appli

39、cation. Notable properties listed here are　　the display name of your application, the version number, and a unique ID number.　　These files use a binary format that can’ be read i

40、n a text editor, but you can use　　the Property List Editor located in /Developer/Applications/Utilities to view them.　　icon.png　　(Required

41、.) This is a 57 *57 pixel icon used to represent your application on the　　iPhone’ home screen. Glossy button effects will be added on top of this image　　automatically, so it shou

42、ld be flat-colored.　　Various resources　　(Optional.) All common resource files, such as images, sounds, and binary data,　　used by your application will be pla

43、ced in the same folder as the executable. The　　only subfolders present in an iPhone application bundle are for localized resources.　　Localization folders　　(O

44、ptional.) If your application supports multiple languages, you may add subfolders　　to the bundle, which contain resources that cater to individual languages.　　The folder names wi

45、ll have a language name or an ISO language abbreviation followed　　by .lproj; for example, English.lproj, French.lproj, German.lproj, and　　uk.lproj would each contain resources sp

46、ecific to English, French, German, and　　UK English languages, respectively.　　Settings.bundle　　(Optional.) You will create this file if you want your applicat

47、ion to provide user　　preference options in the Settings application that comes with the iPhone.　　Icon-Settings.png　　(Optional.) If you added a Settings.bundl

48、e file, this image is used to represent the　　application in the Settings application. The image should be 29 *29 pixels. However,　　if you do not add this image, the Icon.png imag

49、e will be scaled and used　　automatically.　　MainWindow.nib　　(Optional.) Created by the Interface Builder application, MainWindow.nib contains<p

50、>　　code and resources necessary to draw your application as it starts up.　　More .nib files can be loaded after this one, but it will always be the first in memory.　　Default.pn

51、g　　(Optional.) This image is displayed as the application is loading the Main-　　Window.nib file. It should be full screen, which is 480 *20 pixels on the iPhone.<p

52、>　　If this image is close to what the user will see when the application is finished　　loading, the load process will appear to take less time.　　iTunesArtwork<p&

53、gt;　　(Optional.) If you are distributing the application outside the App Store, this artwork　　is used to display your application when loading onto a handset using iTunes.　　More

54、on this later.　　As you will see in the next section, when you’re creating your application, Xcode and　　Interface Builder will create most of these files for you.<p

55、>　　Xcode and Interface Builder　　If you are unfamiliar with Xcode, you may be reluctant to learn a new IDE at first.　　However, the way iPhone development works, you pretty much

56、 have to. Fortunately,　　once you get used to it, you’ll see that Xcode is pretty good at what it does. It has all　　the features you would expect from an industry-standard IDE: it

57、 jumps to the line of　　compile errors, auto-completes complicated API methods, and has integrated SDK　　references.　　And it gets better: Xcode supports on-dev

58、ice debugging, a full-featured iPhone Simulator,　　useful project wizards, refactoring tools, and even direct integration with Subversion　　revision control repositories.

59、　　An Xcode project contains all the code, resources, certificates, and configurations you　　need to create an iPhone application. To get acquainted with the environment, open<

60、;p>　　your Xcode IDE and follow these steps to create a typical “Hello World” application:　　1. Open Xcode.　　2. Select File →New Project.　　3. In the dialog

61、that opens, select iPhone OS, then View-Based Application (see Figure　　1-1), and click Choose.　　4. Name the project “HelloWorld” and click Save.　　5. At this

62、point, you can build and run (click the Build and Go icon in the toolbar).　　The HelloWorld application shows only a blank gray screen when run in the Simulator,　　as shown in Figu

63、re 1-2.　　Figure 1-1. Selecting View-Based Application　　Not very interesting yet, is it? Before we go on to make this a proper “Hello World”　　application, her

64、e is a quick rundown of the files that were generated when you created　　the project:　　HelloWorldAppDelegate.m, HelloWorldAppDelegate.h　　The class held in the

65、se files can be considered the main code entry point of the　　application. The app delegate controls the main window and main View Controller,　　and is responsible for setting them

66、 up for display.　　HelloWorldViewController.m, HelloWorldViewController.h　　This class in these files holds the main view, and is responsible for showing the

67、horribly uninteresting gray screen. We will be editing it to say “Hello World” soon.　　Figure 1-2. Empty application in the Simulator　　MainWindow.xib　　This In

68、terface Builder file results in a .nib file that is placed in your application　　bundle when the project is compiled. When loaded, it creates the app delegate,　　and loads the main

69、 window and View Controller.　　HelloWorldViewController.xib　　This file lays out the design for the HelloWorldViewController’s view.　　NIB stands for NeXTSTEP I

70、nterface Builder, and XIB stands for Xcode　　Interface Builder. NIB files are dense compiled binary files; XIB files are　　human-readable XML files. As we mentioned earlier, Xcode

71、compiles　　XIB files into NIB files. The XIB format was created specifically to solve　　issues with merging NIB files in projects under source control, since you<p&g

72、t;　　can diff XML files more easily than binary files.　　Now we need to draw the “Hello World” text. We can go about this in several ways:　　. Add a Cocoa UILabel by writing code di

73、rectly in HelloWorldViewController.m.　　. Add a Cocoa UILabel in Interface Builder to HelloWorldViewController.xib.　　. Define a subclass of UIView, and use a Quartz font rendering

74、 in drawRect.　　. Create a texture-mapped font in OpenGL ES to render with.　　Let’s start with the first method: adding a UILabel by writing code in HelloWorldView-<

75、p>　　Controller.m. A stub method named viewDidLoad is already inside HelloWorldView-　　Controller.m, which is a good place to add our code. This method will be called　　after .ni

76、b file loading is done, but before rendering begins:　　1. Replace the viewDidLoad function in HelloWorldViewController.m with the following　　(this function is commented out by def

77、ault, so be sure to remove the /* that　　precedes it and the */ that follows it):　　- (void) viewDidLoad {　　[super viewDidLoad];　　//draw &

78、quot;Hello World" using Cocoa UIKit.　　//grab the screen dimensions　　int w = self.view.frame.size.width;　　int h = self.view.frame.size.height;

79、　　//create a text label: the size 100,50 here is arbitrary　　// but it must be large enough to fit the "Hello World" text.　　UILabel* label = [[UILabel alloc] i

80、nitWithFrame:CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 50)];　　//put the label at the center of the screen　　label.center = CGPointMake(w/2, h/2);　　//align the text to the center

81、of the label (default is left)　　label.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentCenter;　　//don't draw the label's background (default is white)　　label.backgroun

82、dColor = [UIColor clearColor];　　label.text = @"Hello world!";　　//add label to our view, so that it can be rendered　　[self.view addSubview:label];&l

83、t;/p>　　//since we alloc'd label in this method we need to release label here　　[label release];　　}　　2. Build and run the

84、project (if you haven’t quit the Simulator from its previous run,　　you’ll be prompted to stop it). The app should now display your text (see Figure　　1-3).</

85、p>　　Figure 1-3. “Hello world!” text shown　　Now let’s go over the second method, adding a UILabel to HelloWorldViewController.　　xib using Interface Builder. You must

86、 undo your changes if you followed the preceding　　example:　　1. Open the HelloWorldViewController.xib file in Interface Builder by double-clicking&l

87、t;p>　　it from the list of project files in Xcode.　　2. Double-click the View object to begin editing it (Figure 1-4).　　Figure 1-4. Double-clicking the View object to edit the f

88、ile　　3. Find the Label object in the Library panel (open the panel by selecting　　Tools仺Library Panel, if it is not already open). See Figure 1-5.　　4. Drag th

89、e label into the View editing window, as shown in Figure 1-6.　　5. Double-click the new label and edit the text to say “Hello World”. You can also　　edit it from the Attributes Ins

90、pector (Tools仺Attributes Inspector).　　6. In the Label Size Inspector (Tools Size Inspector), click both of the Placement　　buttons to center the label horizontally and vertically,

91、 as shown in Figure 1-7.　　7. Save the .xib file and return to Xcode. Building the application will update　　the .nib file, which will cause the changes to appear when the applicat

92、ion is run,　　as shown in Figure 1-8.　　8. When the .nib file is loaded, it creates and displays the UILabel. If our code needs　　access to read or modify the c

93、reated label, we can link it to an IBOutlet in our code.　　In HelloWorldViewController.h, replace the stub definition of HelloWorldViewCon　　troller with the following:

94、　　@interface HelloWorldViewController : UIViewController {　　IBOutlet UILabel* myLabel;　　}　　An IBOutlet is a code tag that enables

95、 Interface Builder to recognize possible handles　　in code that can be linked to.　　Figure 1-5. Selecting Label from the Objects Library　　9. To link the .nib’s

96、 label to the outlet, open HelloWorldViewController.xib in Interface　　Builder and open the Connections Inspector (Tools Connections Inspector).　　Then, click to select the label,

97、drag the label’s New Referencing Outlet to the File’s　　Owner object, release, and click on the “myLabel” text that shows up in the　　Apple Developer Account and Downloading the SD

98、K | 9　　Download at WoweBook.Com　　pop-up menu (see Figures 1-9 through 1-11). Because we set the Referencing Outlet,　　the two objects will be linked together

99、when the .nib is loaded. Specifically,　　when HelloWorldViewController.nib is loaded in the application, it will know to　　set the variable myLabel to point at the UILabel we just

100、linked to.　　10. Save HelloWorldViewController.xib and quit Interface Builder.　　Now our code has access to the label through myLabel. This linking process is used<p

101、>　　frequently in Interface Builder to specify outlets, actions, delegates, and data sources.　　Any interaction between visible elements of the interface and your code is made via<p&g

102、t;　　Interface Builder links.　　Figure 1-6. Adding a new label to the view　　Figure 1-7. Modifying the Label object properties　　Figure 1-8. “Hello World!” text

103、with Label object　　Figure 1-9. The Label Connections window　　Figure 1-10. Clicking and dragging from New Referencing Outlet to File’s Owner　　Views and Contro

104、llers　　The UIView class represents a View object in the iPhone SDK. Views are visible rectangular　　portions of the screen that handle drawing and animation, event handling, and&l

105、t;/p>　　subview management. If you look at the iPod application that comes with your iPhone,　　you’ll see that the navigation bar at the top, the tab bar at the bottom, and the content<

106、;/p>　　area in the middle are three separate views.　　When creating a view-based application in the New Project Wizard, start with a single　　View Controller and a sin

107、gle View. You may want more Views as your application　　becomes more complex. For example, you may have one View for your game, another　　for a Main menu, one for a Settings screen

108、, and another for an online High Score screen.　　If your Views share a lot of the same code, it makes sense to add those Views to the　　same View Controller, along with the shared

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