建筑節(jié)能翻譯--淺談外墻保溫技術(shù)及節(jié)能材料

1、<p><b>　　文獻(xiàn)翻譯</b></p><p>　　On the external wall insulation technology and energy saving materials</p><p>　　[ Abstract ] as the energy conservation and protect environment requir

2、ements of the continuous improvement, building maintenance structure heat preservation technology is also increasing, especially in exterior wall insulation technology has made great progress, and become an important bui

3、lding energy saving technology. At present, the building is often used in external wall insulation are mainly within the insulation, insulation and other methods, according to the development of new technologie</p>

4、<p>　　[ Key words ] external wall insulation building materials energy-saving building</p><p>　　Building energy saving is the implementation of the national environmental protection and energy conserv

5、ation policy is the main content, it is to carry out the sustainable development of the national economy important component. The national Ministry of construction in1995 promulgated the" rules for the implementatio

6、n of city building energy saving" and other documents, the" energy conservation design standard for residential buildings ' partial '" JGJ26-95as a mandatory standard, at the same t</p><

7、p>　　In such a series of energy-saving policies, regulations, standards and mandatory guidance, China's energy-saving housing construction work unceasingly thorough, continuously improve the energy efficiency stand

8、ards, the introduction of the development of many new energy-saving technology and materials, vigorously promote the use of residential buildings. But our country's current level of building energy conservation, but

9、also far lower than developed countries, China's building energy consumptio</p><p>　　One, external wall thermal insulation technology</p><p>　　Energy saving thermal insulation wall construct

10、ion technology mainly divided into exterior wall internal insulation and exterior wall insulation in two categories.</p><p>　　1internal insulation technology and its characteristics. Within the external wall

11、 insulation construction, in the exterior wall structure with internal heat insulation layer. Thermal insulation in the construction speed is fast, convenient and flexible operation, can ensure the construction progress.

12、 Internal insulation application time is long, the technology is mature, construction technology and inspection standard is perfect. In 2001the construction of external wall insulation in about 90% o</p><p>

13、　　But the internal insulation will occupy the area of use," bridge" is not easy to solve, easy to crack, but also affects the construction speed, influence dweller decoration two, and the inner wall hanging and

14、 fixing it easy to break the internal insulation structure. Internal insulation technology of irrationality, it would be replaced by external insulation.</p><p>　　2external insulation technology and its char

15、acteristics. External insulation is currently promoting a building energy-saving insulation technology. The outer and inner thermal insulation, reasonable technology, has its obvious advantages, the use of the same speci

16、fication, the same size and insulation material, insulation than the inner heat preservation effect is good. External thermal insulation technology applies not only to new construction, also apply to the transformation o

17、f old buildings,</p><p>　　(1) external external thermal insulation external insulation materials of rock ( ore) cotton, glass cotton</p><p>　　Mat, polystyrene foam board ( referred to as polysty

18、rene board, EPS, XPS ), ceramisite concrete composite polystyrene insulation board, stone decorative wire mesh frame sandwich wallboard. The polystyrene board has excellent physical properties and cheap cost, already all

19、 over the world within the external wall insulation plug technology is widely used in. The plug-in technology is the use of adhesive mortar or special fasteners, thermal insulation material affixed hanging on the wall, t

20、hen wipe</p><p>　　(2) polystyrene plate wall of a casting molding</p><p>　　The technique is in the concrete frame shear wall system the polyphenyl board built in building templates, in the gatin

21、g of the wall outside, then pouring the concrete, concrete and polystyrene board in a casting molding for composite wall. The technology to solve the external insulation problems, its advantage is very obvious. Because t

22、he outer wall body with insulation layer of a survival, efficiency, significantly shortening the construction period, and the construction personnel safety assur</p><p>　　All kinds of insulation technology a

23、nd advantages</p><p>　　1, expanded polystyrene board and thin plastering and reinforced by glass fiber approach and advantages</p><p>　　It is currently in use in our country most one kind of ext

24、ernal insulation wall, wherein the polystyrene board in the primary wall fixed in one of three ways:1) by bonding mortar fixed;2) using a mechanical fixture fixed;3) more than two kinds of fixed combination. This approac

25、h has the following advantages:1) because it is in Europe and the United States have been in use for nearly thirty years, in the United States have built high up to 44 layers, therefore. This technology already formed a

26、sy</p><p>　　In 2, the extruded polystyrene for external thermal insulation wall</p><p>　　Extruded polystyrene is in recent years developed a new type of thermal insulation material. At present,

27、extruded polystyrene and the tea layer wall fixed mode mainly adopts mechanical fasteners. The material has the advantages that:1) extruded polystyrene with dense surface and inner layer of the obturator structure. Its t

28、hermal conductivity is much lower than the same thickness of expanded polystyrene, therefore has a better thermal insulation properties of expanded polystyrene. In the same bu</p><p>　　The 3single side steel

29、 mesh polystyrene board with the exterior wall external insulation</p><p>　　This is developed in recent years, used for cast-in-place concrete construction of external wall insulation system, a kind of liu.

30、It has the following advantages:1) this system in the construction of. The steel mesh polystyrene board is arranged to pouring wall inside an external mold, external insulation board and the wall a survival, after stripp

31、ing the insulation board and the wall be made one, thus saving manpower, time and cost of installation;2) selection of steel mesh polystyrene plate, </p><p>　　A 4 insulation paste material for exterior wall

32、thermal insulation</p><p>　　In recent years, insulation paste is also beginning to be used in building outer wall heat preservation. The utility model has the advantages of:1) insulation paste adhesive layer

33、, insulating layer and the decorative layer has formed a system, for supporting the use of;2) thermal insulation mortar for exterior wall thermal insulation, the basic wall roughness requirement is not high, easy in the

34、shape of the basal wall construction;3) comparison of the construction process is simple, the operati</p><p>　　Above a few kinds of external wall thermal insulation technology, due to the adoption of the mat

35、erials and construction technology are different, so their applicable scope are not the same. In use. Should be according to the design of construction cost, geographic location and other factors to choose.</p>&l

36、t;p>　　In two, the external wall thermal insulation energy-saving materials</p><p>　　Energy saving materials belonging to the thermal insulation materials. Insulation material is used for building or therm

37、al equipment, heat transfer impedance material or material complex, including both insulation materials, including cold insulation materials. Insulation material sense, on one hand is to satisfy the architectural space o

38、r thermal equipment, thermal environment, on the other hand, in order to save energy. With the worldwide energy shortage, thermal insulation material in energy-</p><p>　　The 1insulation material performance.

39、 Adiabatic, is to maximize heat transfer impedance, so the requirement of adiabatic material must has great thermal resistance and low thermal conductivity.</p><p>　　From material composition, organic polyme

40、r thermal conductivity than the inorganic non-metallic material; thermal conductivity than the metallic material; gaseous material thermal conductivity less than the liquid material, the liquid material is less than soli

41、d. So when conditions permit, should try to use the organic polymer materials or amorphous inorganic material, which is favorable for heat insulation.</p><p>　　From the material structure, as the material is

42、 apparent density decreased, the porosity increases, the material inside the pores as a substantially enclosed micro hole, coefficient of heat conductivity of the material is relatively small. For foam products, to meet

43、the requirements of thermal insulation materials and the best apparent density of 16~ 40kg / m3.</p><p>　　2 commonly used thermal insulation materials. Can meet the performance requirements for exterior insu

44、lation energy-saving materials are: polystyrene foam board ( EPS and XPS ), rock ( ore) cotton board, glass wool felt and super light particles of polystyrene insulation slurry etc.. All of the above materials are a comm

45、on feature of the materials within a closed hole, their apparent density is small, it is also used as insulation materials required.</p><p>　　Rock ( ore) wool and glass wool are sometimes referred to as the

46、mineral cotton, which belongs to the field of inorganic material. Rock wool, not combustion, low price, to meet the heat insulation performance but also has a certain sound insulation effect. But the rock quality varied

47、widely, good thermal insulation properties of low density, the tensile strength is low, poor durability.</p><p>　　Three, conclusion</p><p>　　At present our country external wall thermal insulati

48、on technology development is very rapid, is the focus of energy conservation. External wall insulation technology and energy-saving materials innovation are inseparable, building energy conservation must be based on the

49、development of new energy-saving materials as the premise, must have sufficient insulation material base. Energy saving materials development must again and external wall thermal insulation technology combined, can truly

50、 play i</p><p>　　Reference.</p><p>　　[1] building energy research center of Tsinghua University. Annual report on China building energy efficiency2009[ M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press

51、,2009: 48-57.</p><p><b>　　文獻(xiàn)翻譯</b></p><p>　　淺談外墻保溫技術(shù)及節(jié)能材料</p><p>　　[摘要]隨著對節(jié)約能源與保護(hù)環(huán)境的要求的不斷提高,建筑維護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的保溫技術(shù)也在日益加強(qiáng),尤其是外墻保溫技術(shù)得到了長足的發(fā)展,并成為我國一項(xiàng)重要的建筑節(jié)能技術(shù)。目前,在建筑中常使用的外墻保溫主要有內(nèi)保溫、外保

52、溫等方法,針對新技術(shù)的發(fā)展,要加強(qiáng)新型節(jié)能材料的開發(fā)和利用,從而使建筑節(jié)能真正得以實(shí)施。 　　[關(guān)鍵詞]外墻保溫 建筑材料建筑節(jié)能 　　 　　建筑節(jié)能是執(zhí)行國家環(huán)境保護(hù)和節(jié)約能源政策的主要內(nèi)容,是貫徹國民經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要組成部分。國家建設(shè)部在1995年頒布了《城市建筑節(jié)能實(shí)施細(xì)則》等文件,把《民用建筑節(jié)能設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)〈采暖居住建筑部分〉》JGJ26-95列為強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn),同時建設(shè)部又于2000年10月1日發(fā)布了第76號令《民用建筑節(jié)

53、能管理規(guī)定》,對不符合節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的項(xiàng)目,不得批準(zhǔn)建設(shè)。 　　在這樣一系列的節(jié)能政策、法規(guī)、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和強(qiáng)制性條文的指導(dǎo)下,我國住宅建設(shè)的節(jié)能工作不斷深入,節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不斷提高,引進(jìn)開發(fā)了許多新型的節(jié)能技術(shù)和材料,在住宅建筑中大力推廣使用。但我國目前的建筑節(jié)能水平,還遠(yuǎn)低于發(fā)達(dá)國家,我國建筑單位面積能耗仍是氣候相近的發(fā)達(dá)國家的3倍~5倍。建筑節(jié)能還是我國建筑業(yè)的一個</p><p>　　(2)聚苯板與墻體一次澆注成型 　　

54、該技術(shù)是在混凝土框—剪體系中將聚苯板內(nèi)置于建筑模板內(nèi),在即將澆注的墻體外側(cè),然后澆注混凝土,混凝土與聚苯板一次澆注成型為復(fù)合墻體。該技術(shù)解決了外掛式外保溫的主要問題,其優(yōu)勢是很明顯的。由于外墻主體與保溫層一次成活,工效提高,工期大大縮短,且施工人員的安全性得到了保證。而且在冬季施工時,聚苯板起保溫的作用,可減少外圍圍護(hù)保溫措施。但在澆注混凝土?xí)r要注意均勻、連續(xù)澆注,否則由于混凝土側(cè)壓力的影響會造成聚苯板在拆模后出現(xiàn)變形和錯茬,影響后序施

55、工。</p><p><b>　　各種保溫技術(shù)及優(yōu)點(diǎn)</b></p><p>　　1、膨脹聚苯乙烯板加薄層抹灰并用玻璃纖維加強(qiáng)的做法及優(yōu)點(diǎn) </p><p>　　這是目前在我國使用最多的一種外保溫墻體，其中聚苯板在基層墻體上的固定方式有三種：1)采用粘結(jié)膠漿固定；2)采用機(jī)械固定物固定；3)以上兩種固定方式的結(jié)合。這種做法有如下的優(yōu)越性：1

56、)由于它在歐洲及美國已沿用了近三十年，在美國已建成的建筑高達(dá)44層，因此。此項(xiàng)技術(shù)已形成體系，粘結(jié)層、保溫層與飾面層可配套使用，有較多較成熟的技術(shù)文件；2)由于保溫材料采用膨脹聚苯乙烯，其價格不十分昂貴，使整個系統(tǒng)價格適中。便于用戶接受；3)無復(fù)雜的施工工藝，一般施工單位經(jīng)過簡短培訓(xùn)后，便可掌握施工要領(lǐng)，便于技術(shù)的推廣；4)它集保溫、防水和裝飾功能于一體，具有多功能性；5)整個系統(tǒng)具有較強(qiáng)的耐候性、良好的防水和水蒸氣滲透性能；6)有多種

57、顏色和紋理的面層涂料可供選擇，與整個系統(tǒng)配套使用。目前。這種做法在北京、東北等地已得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，北京裕京花園、臥龍花園、建設(shè)部丙八、丙十樓的改造等許多工程，均采用了這種做法。但是，由于白蟻對膨脹聚苯乙烯的侵害，在有白蟻的地區(qū)不可使用；由于其對施工的環(huán)境溫度要求為4℃，不適合冬期施工。 2、采用擠塑聚苯乙烯為外保溫材料的墻體 擠塑聚苯乙烯是近年來發(fā)展起來的一種新型保溫</p><p>　　3．采用單面鋼

58、聳網(wǎng)架聚苯板的外墻外保溫 這是近年來發(fā)展起來的、用于現(xiàn)澆混凝土建筑中的一種外墻劉、保溫體系。它有以下優(yōu)點(diǎn)：1)這種體系在施工時。是將鋼絲網(wǎng)架聚苯板置于將要澆注的外墻外模的內(nèi)側(cè)，外保溫板和墻體一次成活，拆模后保溫板與墻體合而為一，因此節(jié)省了人力、時間以及安裝費(fèi)用；2)所選用的鋼絲網(wǎng)架聚苯板塊大、質(zhì)輕，易于施工；3)施工操作易掌握。冬季可照常施工；4)聚苯板外側(cè)掛有鋼絲網(wǎng)，外飾面可用面磚。 目前，此體系主要用于現(xiàn)澆混凝土多、高層住宅，

59、它的構(gòu)造節(jié)點(diǎn)、安裝工藝等還有待于進(jìn)一步完善。 4．保溫膏料用于外墻外保溫 近年來，保溫膏料也開始應(yīng)用于建筑外墻外保溫。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于：1)保溫膏料的粘結(jié)層、保溫層與裝飾層已形成體系，便于配套使用；2)保溫漿料用于外墻外保溫時，對基層墻體平整度要求不高，易于在各種形狀的基層墻體上施工；3)施工工藝比較簡單，操作易掌握；4)有些保溫槳料的材料中采用回收廢聚苯顆粒作為輕骨料，節(jié)能利廢，有利于保護(hù)環(huán)境；5)可用于修補(bǔ)墻體抹灰面層的裂縫。