外文翻譯--超高速靠模工具機進行航空零件的制造

1、<p><b>　　中文3920字</b></p><p><b>　　附錄A： 英文資料</b></p><p>　　Ultra- high-speed profiler for aircraft part machining</p><p>　　DHP -120B: development goals and

2、 performance</p><p>　　Kazuya Tanaka</p><p><b>　　Manager</b></p><p>　　Designing Sect .II, Engineering Dept .I</p><p>　　1. Instruction </p><p>　　

3、It is generally said that the conditions surrounding the aircraft industry have been less than optimal since the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, but the Japanese aircraft industry seems to be in a slightly differ

4、ent situation. This is observation is supported by the fact that the Defense Agency’s “PX ”(advanced anti-submarine patrol plane) and “CX”(cargo transport plane) projects have been approved ,and Boeing- and Airbus-relate

5、d contract have not decline significantly .Thanks to these a</p><p>　　Under the influence of the global market needs ,there is very strong demand for reducing the costs of civil aircraft parts .To meet this

6、demand ,aircraft manufacturers and job shops contracted to supply parts to them have been working hard to reduce cost and improve manufacturing technology and productivity . </p><p>　　The number of aircraft

7、produced by manufacturers of small jet aircraft is increasing at a much faster rate than the number of aircraft produced by manufacturers more or less specializing in larger aircraft, such as Boeing and Airbus .Despite t

8、he steady growth of demand, job shops under contract with these aircraft manufacturers are being faced with increasing pressures for cost reduction.</p><p>　　The emergence of southeast Asian countries capabl

9、e of producing parts at low coast has made price competition fiercer .The Chinese aircraft industry is bursting with energy because job shops in China can now compete with Japanese job shops in lead time and quality in a

10、ddition to being able to produce parts at lower coasts .</p><p>　　Given these global trend trends, it can be said that the Japanese aircraft industry’s position is delicate in the competitive market .In spit

11、e of lead-time and quality superiority, the Japanese aircraft industry is fighting a steeply uphill battle in price competition.</p><p>　　To help cope with the situation as a machine tool manufacturer, SNK h

12、as developed DHP-120B, an advanced 5-axis ultra-high-speed horizontal profiler that is at once most cost-effective and highly productive .The rest of this article introduces the new profiler. </p><p>　　2. B

13、ackground: Brief History of Profiler Development at SNK </p><p>　　Since the development of SM-13 Spar Mill (with 13 numerically controlled axes ) in 1967, SNK has developed many machine tools designed for ai

14、rcraft parts machining and five-axis profilers, and delivered many machines to specialty job shops both in Japan and abroad . One of the larger machines recently developed and delivered is a two-gantry, A&B-axis-type

15、, three-spindle five-axis profiler with a 64-meter-long bed with a 4-meter-wide working surface (Photo 1).As shown in Photo 1, these profiler a</p><p>　　As time passed ,however ,the way aircraft parts are ma

16、nufactured has changed :machining of forgings ,which used to be the method of manufacturing aircraft parts ,began to be replaced by the method of machining complex parts out of solid material in order to reduce the numbe

17、r and weight of parts .This meant removing most of the material during machining .Use of high-speed machining ,which is designed to increase productivity ,also dramatically increased the volume of metal removed per hour

18、,makin</p><p>　　To meet the changing needs, SNK developed HPS-4B (Photo 2), a large 5-axis high-speed, horizontal ,tilting-table –type profiler designed specifically for high-speed machining of complex parts

19、 out of solid material ,easy setup and efficient chip removal .The new machine was put on exhibit at the 1998 Chicago show and was hailed by aircraft parts job shops. Since, however ,HPS-4B is a large machine with a 2

20、15;10m machine envelope, it was too large and too expensive for smaller job shops.</p><p>　　To demonstrate the superior of the machine concept and easy operator offered by this type of machine, SNK developed

21、 a machine based on a similar concept .This machine, HPS-120B, is a compact and reasonably-price 5-axis high-speed horizontal profiler (Photo 3) and was exhibited at the 2000 Chicago show .This machine was acclaimed for

22、its performance and economy and has now become one of the greatest value-added models of the SNK profiler.</p><p>　　Market needs ,however ,have changed rapidly ,and there has been increasing pressure for cos

23、t reduction ,as mentioned earlier .Recognizing the need for a high-speed profiler capable of performing machine with unprecedented efficiency ,SNK developed its newest 5-axis ultra-high-speed horizontal profiler ,UHP-120

24、,that inherits the acclaimed features of the HPS series of profiler ,and put the machine on exhibit at the 2001 EMO show .</p><p>　　3. UHP-120B: Development Goals and Performance </p><p>　　The a

25、im of development of UHP-120B is to offer to users a cost-effective machine that boosts productivity in the machining of medium- and small-sized parts of aluminum, a material widely used in aircraft applications. Using H

26、PS-120B, which has proven performance in the field of high-speed machine, as a base machine, SNK developed UHP-120B (Photo 4) through extensive research and development. </p><p>　　The rest of this section in

27、troduces principal technologies incorporated into the new machine to achieve the goals of the machine. For information on the machine’s main specifications, please see New Product News in this report. </p><p&g

28、t;　　1) Technology to achieve high productivity </p><p>　　(1)Developing high-speed high-power spindle unit </p><p>　　It is generally said that there is no limit to cutting speeds used in the mach

29、ining of aluminum to manufacture aircraft parts .The key to increasing productivity in such machining is to find a way to achieve high metal removal rates at high cutting speeds.</p><p>　　To this end, we dev

30、eloped a new 75kW, 32,000min -1, high-speed high-power spindle unit with a compact, powerful drive motor for the new profiler .This high-performance spindle unit ranks among the highest in terms of spindle speed and powe

31、r for the spindle configuration is equipped for HSK-E 63 tools according to user needs .The spindle bearings are equipped with an under-race lubrication system to enhance reliability of high-speed machining during long-t

32、ime operation.</p><p>　　(2)Increasing feedrates </p><p>　　High axis feedrates and high acceleration /deceleration capabilities are important factors directly affecting machining time and machin

33、ing accuracy that can be achieved in high-speed machining .For the linear axes ,twin drive systems and tow-motor-drive mechanisms have been employed to increase the rigidity of the drive system ,to increase feedrates and

34、 maximize acceleration/deceleration ,and to increase productivity .As a result ,the maximum cutting federates of 40m /min and 4800deg/min have be</p><p>　　We believe that UHP-120B ranks among the best in ter

35、ms of spindle and axis and axis feed capability in the field of the machining of aluminum aircraft parts.</p><p>　　(3)Minimizing moving masses </p><p>　　Reducing the moving mass along each axis

36、is an effective way to make axis movement faster and achieve a high level of dynamic responsiveness .UHP-120B has been designed as a moving ram type ,instead of a moving column type ,machine ,the structural design has be

37、en optimized through minimization of the moving masses and computer-aided structural analyses to make the machine structure very light and stiff .The spindlehead and the spindlehead saddle installed on the Z-axis ram are

38、 made of a special </p><p>　　Although the special lightweight alloy is still expensive, it is used because of its accuracy and performance advantages.</p><p>　　(4)Endless rotation of C-axis <

39、/p><p>　　A ship ring system has been built into the C-axis mechanism to enable endless rotation of C-axis ,thereby eliminating the need to rewind C-axis ,a drawback of a five-axis machine with A and C rotary a

40、xes .Thus ,rewind motion ,which would be unavoidable on a conventional machine ,cutter marks left while the cutter is not moving in relation to the workpiece ,and extra care needed during NC programming have been elimina

41、ted .The rotation speeds have been increased ,and the time required for deceler</p><p>　　(5)Tilting table </p><p>　　UHP-120B is equipped with a tilting table system ,which is the same type as th

42、e tilting table used on the HPS-series five-axis profilers and was well-received by its users .With this tilting table ,the workpiece can be set up on the table tilted into a stable horizontal position .Machining operati

43、ons can be performed while the table is in the vertical position so that large volumes of chips produced during high-speed machining can be removed from the machining zone quickly .Thus ,the problem of </p><p&

44、gt;　　(6)High-speed control </p><p>　　High-speed five-axis machining of aircraft parts requires evaluating many data blocks ahead and processing data blocks at high speed ,as for machining of automobile dies

45、and molds .Cutting tools must also be provided with five-axis control oriented features such as five-axis tool length and diameter compensation .</p><p>　　The precision contouring capacity of UHP-120B has be

46、en upgraded for high-speed five-axis control .High-speed control oriented features newly added to increase productivity include Fine HPCC (High Precision Contour Control),which controls rotary and linear axis movement ac

47、curately and smoothly ,tool tip control ,and three-dimensional cutter diameter compensation .</p><p>　　(7)Safety and environmental features </p><p>　　As spindle speeds and federates increase ,th

48、e risks posed by flying chips and broken cutters increase .To ensure safety form these dangers ,the machining area including the high-speed spindle is completely enclosed by a splash guard .Through the splash guard windo

49、ws or a TV monitor installed outside the machining area ,the operator can monitor machining operations and control the machine .As spindle speeds increase ,noise becomes an increasingly serious problem .the fully enclosi

50、ng splash guard </p><p>　　(8)Automation-oriented features </p><p>　　Automation-oriented features such as the automatic tool changer (ATC) and the automatic pallet changer (APC) help increase the

51、 uptime of machines running unattended .UHP-120B of the standard configuration is equipped with a two-pallet APC and a 40-tool ATC ,and these capacities can be increased if necessary .There feature offer the flexibility

52、necessary for a variety of operations ranging from a nighttime unattended operation to a week-long continuous operation .In a country that has a high cost</p><p>　　2) Machining capability </p><p&g

53、t;　　A high-speed aluminum machining test was carried out to verify the high productivity of UHP-120B .The test results were compared with the results of a similar test conducted with HPS series machining centers. Table 1

54、 shows the test conditions and test results .Photo 7 was taken during the cutting test. </p><p>　　As shown ,the volume of chips produced per minute by UHP-120B was 2.7times as large as the volume of chips pr

55、oduced by an HPS machining center ,indicating a dramatic improvement .Although the test involved simple simple side milling operations ,the test results shows that UHP-120B ,which has been designed specifically for high

56、speed ,high power machining ,is highly productive .</p><p>　　4. Next Development Goals </p><p>　　Now that a high-speed, high-power five-axis profiler has now been developed, it is clear that if

57、the most effective use is to be made of its machine capability at the design and manufacturing stages, it is necessary to overcome a number of technological challenges:</p><p>　　1) Developing high-performanc

58、e endmills capable of withstanding high-speed, high-power machining </p><p>　　It is generally said that in case of aluminum, there is practically no limit to the speed of machining .As yet, however, there is

59、 no cutting tool (endmill) that makes it possible to utilize the full capabilities of a high-speed, high-power machine .Pocket machining with endmills requires some ingenuity to quickly remove large volumes of chips prod

60、uced during high-speed machining. There is also a need for long endmills capable of withstanding deep pocket milling and high-speed rotation .There are</p><p>　　2) Developing toolholders for high-speed rotat

61、ion </p><p>　　As spindle speed increases ,the balance of the cutting tool and of the toolholders becomes of critical importance .The spindle itself is balanced to the JIS G1 level, but poorly balanced tools

62、and toolholders oscillate when rotate at high speeds .Existing toolholders begin to lose clamping force as the rotation speed increases ,and cutting tools are sometimes pulled out during heavy cutting .Shrink-fit toolhol

63、ders suitable have already come into use in place conventional screw-on toolholders ,bu</p><p>　　By selecting toolholders appropriate for different applications, high-speed, high-horsepower spindles can be u

64、sed effectively.</p><p>　　5. Conclusion </p><p>　　When it comes to manufacturing technology, Japan is supposed to be at the world’s top level, but it seems to be in a precarious position.</p&

65、gt;<p>　　In the field of machining civil aircraft parts, some countries that were regarded as technologically less developed are now emerging as producers of products that are nearly competitive with Japanese-made

66、 products in both quality and price.</p><p>　　Intensifying international competition is making things even more difficult for manufacturers, and this trend is likely to accelerate in the years to come.</p

67、><p>　　Keeping these trends in mind and continuing to pay attention to user needs, we will continue to contribute to users with our machines and system.</p><p>　　We hope that we will receive critic

68、al feedback on our UHP-120B ultra-high-speed horizontal five-profiler from many users so that we can better meet user needs with our machine tool solutions.</p><p>　　附錄B：英文資料翻譯</p><p>　　超高速靠模工具機

69、進行航空零件的制造</p><p>　　UHB—120B：發(fā)展的目的和現(xiàn)狀</p><p>　　Kazuya Tanaka</p><p><b>　　主管</b></p><p>　　設(shè)計Sect2，工程Dept1</p><p><b>　　1．介紹</b></p&

70、gt;<p>　　一般來說，自從2001年，911恐怖襲擊事件后，航行器工業(yè)生產(chǎn)環(huán)境條件不太理想。但是，日本的航行器工業(yè)似乎走向不同的局勢。這個觀點由美國國防部代理的“PX”（先進的反潛艇巡邏飛機）和“CX”（貨運飛機）的工程方案已經(jīng)被通過的事實而證實。而且波音和空中客車大型飛機有關(guān)的合約并沒有大幅度下降。多虧了這些和其他的因素，比如行業(yè)正在進入設(shè)備替代的階段這一事實，日本的航行器目前處在不錯的外形上。</p>

71、<p>　　在國際市場需求的影響下，在減少航行器部件的造價上有很強的需求。為了迎合這項需求，航行器生產(chǎn)商和承包商店正在合作努力工作以減少造價及提高產(chǎn)品技術(shù)含量和生產(chǎn)力。</p><p>　　小型噴氣式飛機制造商生產(chǎn)的航行器正在以飛快的比例增長并且超過那些或多或少專攻更大的航行器的生產(chǎn)商，比如波音和空中大型客機，盡管需求穩(wěn)固的增長，合約下的承包商和這些航行器生產(chǎn)商仍然面臨著價格縮水的壓力。</p

72、><p>　　亞洲東南部的國家出現(xiàn)有能力在一個很低的價格上生產(chǎn)出部件，這樣會造成價格的猛烈競爭的危機。中國的航行器行業(yè)正飛速發(fā)展，因為中國的承包商可以和日本的承包商不論在生產(chǎn)的時間，質(zhì)量尤其是低廉的價格和以相抗衡。</p><p>　　以上這些國際走向，可以說日本航行器產(chǎn)業(yè)的形勢在競爭如此激烈的市場上非常微妙。除了時間和質(zhì)量上的優(yōu)越，日本航行器產(chǎn)業(yè)正進行著嚴峻的價格戰(zhàn)，為了幫助解決類似于機床制

73、造商的情形，SNK發(fā)展UHP—120B，一個先進的5軸高速水平銑床，立即有最大成本效益及高生產(chǎn)力的機床。本文其他講介紹新型的銑床。</p><p>　　2．背景：SNK公司銑床發(fā)展的簡要歷史。</p><p>　　自從1967年SM－13翼梁銑床的發(fā)展。SNK發(fā)展了許多用來設(shè)計航行器部件生產(chǎn)機器和五軸機床的機床，還出口許多機器到日本和國外的一些特定承包商。最近研究并出口的大型機器是一個2個

74、構(gòu)臺，A&B軸型號，3桿，5軸銑床，它的床身64米，工作臺寬度4米，這些銑床垂直于主軸可以使操作者在在固定的床身位置上裝夾大的工件。</p><p>　　生產(chǎn)航行器零件的方法已經(jīng)改變：國外加工生產(chǎn)航行器零件，開始由不用固體材料加工復雜的零件所代替。這樣可以減少零件的重量。這意味著在生產(chǎn)期間能減少更多的材料。用這種技術(shù)機床加工，可以提高生產(chǎn)力及增長金屬每小時移動的范圍。從碎片切除的這一立場上看，使用這種垂直

75、于主軸機床并不實際。</p><p>　　為了迎合市場需求，SNK研究出HPS－4B一個五軸高速，水平傾斜臺面銑床專為高速加工非固體材料復雜零件所設(shè)計，易于裝夾和和高效的碎片切除功能。這種新型的機器曾在芝加哥的展覽會中展出，并受航行器承包商們所青睞。盡管如此，HPS—4B是一個由2×10米的大包裝箱所包裝的大型機器。對于小的承包商來書，這樣的機器不僅龐大而且價格昂貴。</p><p&

76、gt;　　為了證明這種機器概念上和易于操作的優(yōu)越性。SNK公司基于類似的概念研制出一臺機床，HPS－120B，一臺價格合理的輕便型5軸高速平面銑床曾在2000年芝加哥的展會中展出。這種機器因為它的高性能和經(jīng)濟性而廣被稱贊，現(xiàn)在成為了SNK公司最具有增值性的型號之一。</p><p>　　由于市場需求，已經(jīng)發(fā)生了巨大的改變。面臨著產(chǎn)品價格縮水的巨大壓力。正如前面提到的。需要一臺具有空前高效性的高速銑床，SNK研制出

77、了最新的5軸超高速平面銑床，UHP—12B，它繼承了HPS系列銑床的基本特征，并于2001年EMO展廳出展出。</p><p>　　3．UHP－120B：發(fā)展目標及其性能</p><p>　　發(fā)展UHP—120B的目標是為了以供給用戶一個經(jīng)濟的機器，這樣可以在加工中小型鋁質(zhì)零件（一個廣泛應用于航行器應用的零件）上推動其生產(chǎn)力，使用HPS－120B，在高速加工領(lǐng)域中能體現(xiàn)其優(yōu)越的性能，SNK

78、通過研究發(fā)和展生產(chǎn)出了UHP—120B機器。</p><p>　　其他節(jié)選將介紹新機器的主要技術(shù)。其信息在機器的說明書中，請在報告中見新產(chǎn)品信息。</p><p>　　1）完成高生產(chǎn)力的科技</p><p>　?。?）通常說在加工航行器的鋁塊的切屑速度上是沒有限制的。在這樣的加工條件下，要想已高生產(chǎn)率，就必須找到在高速切屑速度下完成較高的金屬切除率的方法。

79、 </p><p>　　針對這種情況，我們研制了一種新型的高速機床，75kw，1/32000min，這種新型銑床具有強大的驅(qū)動裝置。 它高性能的表現(xiàn)與其他在主軸端錐形使用的系列中占有重要位置。主軸單元的標準構(gòu)造可為HSKE63裝配工具?？筛鶕?jù)用戶的需求修改BT40或者其他工具。軸承裝配了一套潤滑系統(tǒng)。這樣可以在長時間的操作下提高高速加工的可靠性。</p><p><b>　　（

80、2）提高進刀率</b></p><p>　　在高速加工中能獲得的高軸進刀率和高加/減速率能力是直接影響加工時間和加工精度的重要因素。對于線性軸，雙驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)和雙電機驅(qū)動機械結(jié)構(gòu)已被應用于增加驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性，增加進刀率和最大化加/減速率，并增加生產(chǎn)效率。因此，最大化的切割進刀速率在線性軸和聯(lián)動軸系統(tǒng)中分別達到了40m/min和4800deg/min。我們相信UHP-120B長桿軸和軸進能力在航空鋁部件加

81、工領(lǐng)域中位列最優(yōu)的。 </p><p><b>　?。?）較小的進給量</b></p><p>　　減少移動質(zhì)量沿每個軸是一種有效方式，使軸的運動速度，實現(xiàn)一個高層次的動態(tài)反應。UHP－120B已被設(shè)計成一個移動的RAM類型，而不是一個移動的欄位類型，機械，結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計已得到了優(yōu)化，通過最小的運動群眾和電腦輔助結(jié)構(gòu)分析，使機械結(jié)構(gòu)非常輕和激烈。 主軸和主軸箱強行安裝

82、在Z軸的一個特別的輕合金存儲器上，其熱膨脹系數(shù)是相若，即鐵，從而減輕體重，運動部件，并盡量減少撓度RAM的軸，由于Y軸加速度加速度/撓度或Z軸的延伸。</p><p>　　盡管這種特殊輕重量合金依然很貴，但由于它的準確性和工作優(yōu)點，所以仍被使用著。</p><p><b>　?。?）C軸旋轉(zhuǎn)結(jié)束</b></p><p>　　一個輕便的環(huán)形系統(tǒng)已

83、被用于C軸結(jié)構(gòu)中，以核轉(zhuǎn)C軸的旋轉(zhuǎn)終點，因此削減C軸回轉(zhuǎn)的必要、五軸機器的缺點是帶有A和C回轉(zhuǎn)軸。這樣回轉(zhuǎn)動作，在一臺普通機器上是不可避免的。當切削不是沿參考縫進行加工時，將會留下切削痕跡，并且已被削減的NC程序中需要額外檢查。旋轉(zhuǎn)速度已經(jīng)提升，并且沿直線軸減速所需時間過去被用于慢慢減低C軸的移動，現(xiàn)在已被減少，從而縮短加工時間。</p><p><b>　?。?）傾斜臺面</b></

84、p><p>　　UHP-120B采用了一個傾斜臺面系統(tǒng)，這與HPS型五軸靠模機中使用的傾斜臺面一樣，并被它的使用者很好地接受了。使用這種傾斜桌面，工件可被放于一個穩(wěn)固的桌面傾斜的水平位置。當臺面位于垂直位置時操作便可進行，為的是高速加工過程中產(chǎn)生的大量碎屑可以從加工區(qū)域快速移走，因此在確保高生產(chǎn)率的同時，碎屑移走的問題被解決了。</p><p><b>　　（6）高速控制</b

85、></p><p>　　航空零件的高速五軸加工，首先要核定障礙物以及處理掉障礙物，以進行全日自動化加工鑄模。切削刀具需由五軸合作控制提供，如五軸刀具長度和直徑補償。UHP-120B的輪廓精度性能已被改進以適合高速五軸控制。高速控制合作特色最近加上用于提高生產(chǎn)率包含F(xiàn)ine HPCC（高精度輪廓控制）它可精確光滑的控制旋轉(zhuǎn)和直線軸運動。刀具長度補償沿著刀具軸刀尖控制、以及三度切削直徑補償。</p>

86、<p>　　（7）安全及環(huán)境特點</p><p>　　作為軸向速度和速率提高，由飛濺的碎屑和斷刀帶來的危險也在增加。為了確保來自這些威脅的安全度，加工地區(qū)以及高速軸均完全的被潑濺防御物圍繞起來。通過加工區(qū)域外的潑濺防御物上的窗口或是監(jiān)控電視裝置，操作者可監(jiān)控加工操作，以及控制機器由于飛濺速度增加，噪音開始成為增加的危險問題。全封閉式飛濺防御物減小了從加工區(qū)域泄漏出的噪音，因此減小了操作者的危險。&l

87、t;/p><p>　　（8）自動導向的特點</p><p>　　自動導向的功能，如作為自動換刀（空管）和自動托盤交換系統(tǒng)（的APC ）有助增加正常運行時間，機器運行，乏人照顧。UHP－120B的標準配置，配備了兩個托盤的APC及一名四十工具空管，而這些能力可以增加，如果有必要，有特點，提供必要的靈活性，為不同的業(yè)務范圍從夜間無人值守操作，以長達一周的連續(xù)運行，在一個國家有一個高的成本結(jié)構(gòu)，如日

88、本，這些自動化設(shè)備是必不可少的提高生產(chǎn)力，而不必依賴的體力勞動。</p><p><b>　　2）加工能力</b></p><p>　　一個高速鋁的加工試驗進行了驗證，高生產(chǎn)力的超高壓- 120b 。試驗結(jié)果進行比較，結(jié)果一個類似的試驗進行HPS系列加工中心。表1顯示了測試條件和測試結(jié)果。照片七月期間采取了切削試驗。如表所示，數(shù)量，生產(chǎn)的芯片每分鐘超高壓- 120b是

89、2.7times一樣大體積的芯片所產(chǎn)生的一HPS加工中心，顯示出戲劇性的改善，雖然測試所涉及的簡單，簡單的側(cè)銑行動中，測試結(jié)果表明，UHP－120B已專為高速，高功率加工，具有高度生產(chǎn)力。</p><p>　　4.下個發(fā)展目標 </p><p>　　既然一臺高速高壓的五軸聯(lián)動銑床現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)發(fā)展了，很顯然如果最有效的用途是將由它的機器能力制成在設(shè)計和制造業(yè)階段，可以說它必然會超過一些科技的挑

90、戰(zhàn)：</p><p>　　1) 開發(fā)的高性能最終輾磨能力并能承受高速和高壓的機器。 </p><p>　　人們普遍表示，在案件鋁，幾乎是沒有限制的速度加工。至今，不過，有沒有刀具使我們能夠充分利用的能力，具有高速，高-動力機?？诖庸ば枰獎e出心裁，快速清除了大量的芯片過程中產(chǎn)生的高高速切削加工。此外，還有一項需要長期能經(jīng)受深口袋銑削和高速旋轉(zhuǎn)，還存在一些懸而未決的問題，如芯片越來越停留在

91、一個角落加工，在較深層的口袋。是有迫切需要的刀具，解決這些問題。</p><p>　　2）為高轉(zhuǎn)速發(fā)展機械手</p><p>　　作為主軸轉(zhuǎn)速的增加，平衡刀具和該機械手成為至關(guān)重要的。主軸本身就是平衡向JIS標準的G1的水平，但不佳的平衡工具和機械手振蕩時，輪流在高速下，現(xiàn)有的機械手開始失去夾緊武力作為旋轉(zhuǎn)速度增加，切削工具，有時退出在重切削。收縮適合機械手適合已經(jīng)投入使用的地方，在常規(guī)螺

92、桿對機械手，但收縮適合機械手尚未在一般使用。開發(fā)一種新型的機械手適合用在超高速，高功率的應用正在期待已久的</p><p>　　通過選擇適當?shù)臋C械手針對不同的應用，高速，高馬力的主軸，可以有效地加以利用。</p><p><b>　　5．結(jié)論</b></p><p>　　當談到制造技術(shù)，日本應該是世界一流水平，但它似乎是在一個岌岌可危的地位。該