外文翻譯--在非圓柱輥式破碎機(jī)中粉碎

1、<p><b>　?。?lt;/b></p><p>　　二 〇 一 三 年 六 月</p><p><b>　　原文：</b></p><p>　　COMMINUTION IN A NON-CYLINDRICAL ROLL CRUSHER*</p><p>　　P. VELLETRI ~ an

2、d D.M. WEEDON ~</p><p>　　~[ Dept. of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy,</p><p>　　Crawley 6009, Australia. E-mail piero@mech.uwa.edu.au</

3、p><p>　　§ Faculty of Engineering and Physical Systems, Central Queensland University, PO Box 1319</p><p>　　Gladstone, Qld. 4680, Australia</p><p>　　(Received 3 May 2001; accepted

4、4 September 2001)</p><p>　　Velletri and Weedon, 2000 P. Velletri and D.M. Weedon, Preliminary investigations into a roll crusher with non-cylindrical rolls, Proc. Minprex 2000 International Congress on Miner

5、al Processing and Extractive Metallurgy, AIMM, Melbourne (2000), pp. 321–328.</p><p><b>　　ABSTRACT</b></p><p>　　Low reduction ratios and high wear rates are the two characteristics m

6、ost commonly associated with conventional roll crushers. Because of this, roll crushers are not often considered Jor use in mineral processing circuits, and many of their advantages are being largely overlooked. This pap

7、er describes a novel roll crusher that has been developed in order to address these issues.Referred to as the NCRC (Non-Cylindrical Roll Crusher), the new crusher incorporates two rolls comprised of an alternat</p>

8、<p>　　Keywords: Comminution; crushing</p><p>　　INTRODUCTION</p><p>　　Conventional roll crushers suffer from several disadvantages that have led to their lack of popularity in mineral proc

9、essing applications. In particular, their low reduction ratios (typically limited to about 3:1) and high wear rates make them unattractive when compared to other types of comminution equipment, such as cone crushers. The

10、re are, however, some characteristics of roll crushers that are very desirable from a mineral processing point of view. The relatively constant operating gap in a</p><p>　　The NCRC is a novel roll crusher th

11、at has been developed at the University of Western Australia in order to address some of the problems associated with conventional roll crushers. The new crusher incorporates two rolls comprised of an alternating arrange

12、ment of plane and convex or concave surfaces. These unique roll profiles improve the angle of nip, enabling the NCRC to achieve higher reduction ratios than conventional roll crushers. Preliminary tests with a model prot

13、otype have indicated that</p><p>　　the effectiveness of using the NCRC for the processing of mill scats.</p><p>　　PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION</p><p>　　The angle of nip is one of the main

14、 lectors effecting the performance of a roll crusher. Smaller nip angles are beneficial since they increase the likelihood of particles being grabbed and crushed by the rolls. For a given feed size and roll gap, the nip

15、angle in a conventional roll crusher is limited by the size of the rolls. The NCRC attempts to overcome this limitation through the use of profiled rolls, which improve the angle of nip at various points during one cycle

16、 (or revolution) of the r</p><p>　　The shape of the rolls on the NCRC result in several unique characteristics. The most important is that, for a given particle size and roll gap, the nip angle generated m t

17、he NCRC will not remain constant as the rolls rotate. There will be times when the nip angle is much lower than it would be for the same sized cylindrical rolls and times when it will be much higher. The actual variation

18、 in nip angle over a 60 degree roll rotation is illustrated in Figure 2, which also shows the nip angle gene</p><p>　　EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE</p><p>　　The laboratory scale prototype of the NCRC (

19、Figure 3) consists of two roll units, each comprising a motor, gearbox and profiled roll. Both units are mounted on linear bearings, which effectively support any vertical component of force while enabling horizontal mot

20、ion. One roll unit is horizontally fixed while the other is restrained via a compression spring, which allows it to resist a varying degree of horizontal load.</p><p>　　The pre-load on the movable roll can b

21、e adjusted up to a maximum of 20kN. The two motors that drive the rolls are electronically synchronised through a variable speed controller, enabling the roll speed to be continuously varied up to 14 rpm (approximately 0

22、.14 m/s surface speed). The rolls have a centre-to-centre distance ~,at zero gap setting) of I88mm and a width of 100mm. Both drive shafts are instrumented with strain gauges to enable the roll torque to be measured. Add

23、itional sensors are pr</p><p>　　Tests were performed on several types of rocks including granite, diorite, mineral ore, mill scats and concrete. The granite and diorite were obtained from separate commercial

24、 quarries; the former had been pre-crushed and sized, while the latter was as-blasted rock. The first of the ore samples was SAG mill feed obtained from Normandy Mining's Golden Grove operations, while the mill scats

25、 were obtained from Aurora Gold's Mt Muro mine site in central Kalimantan. The mill scats included metal part</p><p>　　All of the samples were initially passed through a 37.5mm sieve to remove any oversi

26、zed particles. The undersized ore was then sampled and sieved to determine the feed size distribution. For each trial approximately 2500g of sample was crushed in the NCRC. This sample size was chosen on the basis of sta

27、tistical tests, which indicated that at least 2000g of sample needed to be crushed in order to estimate the product P80 to within +0.1ram with 95% confidence. The product was collected and riffled</p><p>　　A

28、 number of comminution tests were conducted using the NCRC to determine the effects of various parameters including roll gap, roll force, feed size, and the effect of single and multi-particle feed. The roll speed was se

29、t at maximum and was not varied between trials as previous experiments had concluded that there was little effect of roll speed on product size distribution. It should be noted that the roll gap settings quoted refer to

30、the minimum roll gap. Due to the non-cylindrical shape of t</p><p><b>　　譯文：</b></p><p>　　在非圓柱輥式破碎機(jī)中粉碎</p><p>　　P. VELLETRI ~ and D.M. WEEDON ~</p><p>　　[機(jī)械與

31、材料工程，西澳大利亞大學(xué)，斯特林HWV35部，</p><p>　　克勞利6009，澳大利亞。電子郵箱piero@mech.uwa.edu.au</p><p>　　§工程學(xué)院和物理系統(tǒng)，中央昆士蘭大學(xué)，郵政信箱1319</p><p>　　格萊斯頓，QLD。 4680，澳大利亞</p><p>　　（2001年5月3日收稿，200

32、1年9月4日接受）</p><p>　　韋萊特里和威登，2000年P(guān).韋萊特里和D.M.威登，與非圓柱輥，PROC的輥式破碎機(jī)進(jìn)行初步調(diào)查。 Minprex2000選礦和冶煉，AIMM，墨爾本國(guó)際大會(huì)（2000年），頁(yè)321-328。</p><p><b>　　摘 要</b></p><p>　　低的破碎比和高的磨損率是與傳統(tǒng)的破碎機(jī)相聯(lián)系

33、的很常見的兩個(gè)特性。因?yàn)檫@點(diǎn)，在礦石處理流程的應(yīng)用中，很少考慮到它們，并且忽略了很多它們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。本文描述了一個(gè)已被發(fā)展起來的新穎的對(duì)輥破碎機(jī)，旨在提出這些論點(diǎn)。作為NCRC,這種新式破碎機(jī)結(jié)合了兩個(gè)輥筒，它們由一個(gè)交替布置的平面和一個(gè)凸的或者凹的表面組成。這種獨(dú)特的輥筒外形提高了嚙合角，使NCRC可以達(dá)到比傳統(tǒng)輥式破碎機(jī)更高的破碎比。用一個(gè)模型樣機(jī)做的試驗(yàn)表明：即使對(duì)于非常硬的礦石，破碎比任可以超過10。另外，既然在NCRC的破碎處理中

34、結(jié)合了輥式和顎式破碎機(jī)的作用，那就有一種可能：那種新的輪廓會(huì)帶來輥?zhàn)幽p率的降低。</p><p><b>　　關(guān)鍵字：粉碎；破碎</b></p><p><b>　　介 紹</b></p><p>　　傳統(tǒng)的輥筒破碎機(jī)因?yàn)榫哂袔讉€(gè)缺陷而導(dǎo)致了其在礦石處理應(yīng)用中的不受歡迎。尤其是當(dāng)與其它的一些破碎機(jī)比起來，諸如圓錐破碎機(jī)

35、等，它們的低破碎比（一般局限在3以內(nèi)）和高的磨損率使它們沒有吸引力。然而，從礦石處理這一點(diǎn)來說，輥筒破碎機(jī)有一些非?？扇〉奶攸c(diǎn)：輥筒破碎機(jī)的相對(duì)穩(wěn)定的操作寬度可以很好控制產(chǎn)物粒度。彈簧承重的輥?zhàn)拥氖褂檬惯@些機(jī)器容許不可破碎的物料（諸如夾雜金屬等）。另外，輥筒破碎機(jī)是這樣工作的：將物料牽引至輥?zhàn)又g的擠壓區(qū)而不是象圓錐和顎式破碎機(jī)那樣依靠重力。這產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)連續(xù)的破碎周期，避免了高通過率，同時(shí)也使破碎機(jī)可處理潮濕的和膠粘的物料。</p

36、><p>　　NCRC是一種新穎的破碎機(jī)，發(fā)明于澳大利亞西部大學(xué)，為得是提出一些與傳統(tǒng)輥筒破碎機(jī)相聯(lián)系的一些問題。新的破碎機(jī)結(jié)合了兩個(gè)輥?zhàn)?，由間隔布置的平面和凸的或者凹的表面組成。這種獨(dú)特的輥?zhàn)虞喞岣吡藝Ш辖?，使NCRC可達(dá)到比傳統(tǒng)輥筒破碎機(jī)更高的破碎比。用一個(gè)模型樣機(jī)的初步試驗(yàn)已表明：即使非常硬的物料，超過10的破碎比也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。這些初期的發(fā)現(xiàn)是通過單一顆粒進(jìn)給而獲得的，在破碎中沒有顯著的物塊間的相互作用。目前的

37、工作在NCRC中用多物塊試驗(yàn)延伸了現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果。同時(shí)也顧及了各種其他因素：影響NCRC特性和探索NCRC在選礦處理中使用效率。</p><p><b>　　操作原理</b></p><p>　　嚙合角是影響輥筒破碎機(jī)性能的重要因素之一。小的嚙合角是有利的，因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)龃罅宋飰K被輥筒抓住的可能性。對(duì)于一個(gè)給定的入料粒度和輥隙，傳統(tǒng)的輥筒破碎機(jī)的嚙合角受限于輥筒的尺寸。NCR

38、C試圖通過有特殊輪廓的輥筒克服這種限制，這種輪廓提高了輥筒在一轉(zhuǎn)中變化點(diǎn)的嚙合角。至于嚙合角，在選擇輥面時(shí)，很多其他的因素，包括變化的輥隙，破碎的方式都考慮了。最終NCRC輥筒形狀如圖1所示。其中一個(gè)輥?zhàn)佑砷g隔布置的平面和凸面組成，而另一個(gè)是由間隔布置的平面和凹面組成。</p><p>　　NCRC輥筒的形狀導(dǎo)致了幾個(gè)獨(dú)特的特點(diǎn)。其中最重要的就是在輥筒轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，對(duì)于一個(gè)給定物塊粒度和輥隙，NCRC所產(chǎn)生的嚙合角將不

39、再保持穩(wěn)定。時(shí)而嚙合角比相同尺寸的圓柱輥筒低很多，時(shí)而高很多。輥?zhàn)愚D(zhuǎn)動(dòng)中嚙合角的實(shí)際變化量超過60度，如圖2所示，圖2也表示了相同情況下，可相比尺寸的圓柱輥筒破碎機(jī)所產(chǎn)生的嚙合角。這些嚙合角是對(duì)一個(gè)直徑為25毫米的圓形物塊放在輥徑大約200毫米、最小輥隙1毫米的輥筒間計(jì)算出來的。這個(gè)例子可以用來描述使用非圓柱輥筒的潛在優(yōu)點(diǎn)。為了抓住物塊，通常嚙合角不超過25度。因此，圓柱輥筒破碎機(jī)將一直夾不住這個(gè)物塊，因?yàn)槠鋵?shí)際嚙合角一直穩(wěn)定在52度。

40、然而，在輥筒轉(zhuǎn)過60度時(shí)，NCRC的嚙合角降至25度以下。這意味著輥筒每轉(zhuǎn)過一轉(zhuǎn)，非圓柱輥筒破碎機(jī)可能有6次夾住物塊。</p><p><b>　　試驗(yàn)過程</b></p><p>　　NCRC的實(shí)驗(yàn)室模型由兩個(gè)輥筒部件組成，每一個(gè)由發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、齒輪箱和有形輥筒組成。兩個(gè)部件都安置在線性軸承上，其有效支持任何垂直部件的力，同時(shí)保證其水平運(yùn)動(dòng)。一個(gè)輥筒部件水平固定，而另一個(gè)

41、通過壓縮彈簧限制，壓縮彈簧使輥筒抵抗一個(gè)變化的水平載荷。</p><p>　　可動(dòng)輥筒上的預(yù)載荷可被調(diào)整直至最大值20千牛。驅(qū)動(dòng)輥筒的兩個(gè)電動(dòng)機(jī)通過一個(gè)變化的速度控制器實(shí)現(xiàn)電同步，速度控制器使輥速連續(xù)變化直至14轉(zhuǎn)每秒（大概0.14米每秒的線速度）。輥筒有一個(gè)188毫米的中心距，100毫米寬。兩個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸都裝有應(yīng)變規(guī)，用以測(cè)量輥筒扭矩。附加的傳感器用以測(cè)量固定輥筒的水平力和輥隙。NCRC的邊上裝有透明玻璃以便于在運(yùn)

42、行是觀察破碎區(qū)域，同時(shí)也使破碎流程得以用數(shù)碼相機(jī)進(jìn)行紀(jì)錄。</p><p>　　試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行于幾種巖石，包括花崗巖、閃長(zhǎng)巖、礦石、采石場(chǎng)棄石和混凝土?；◢弾r和混凝土各取自商業(yè)性的采石場(chǎng)，前者先破碎、成形，而后者是爆炸的巖石。第一種礦石樣品是SAG采石場(chǎng)進(jìn)料，取于諾曼底煤礦的GGO，采石場(chǎng)棄石取于KAGMM煤礦。采石場(chǎng)棄石含有直徑直至18毫米的金屬顆粒，它們來自于經(jīng)反復(fù)磨削和破碎的介質(zhì)。混凝土由圓柱體樣品（直徑25毫米

43、、高25毫米）組成，它們根據(jù)澳大利亞的有關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制備。不受限制的單軸壓力測(cè)試進(jìn)行于礦山樣本（直徑25毫米、高25毫米），取于大量的礦石。結(jié)果表明：對(duì)于制備混凝土的強(qiáng)范圍從60兆帕直至GG礦石樣品的260兆帕。</p><p>　　起初，所有的樣品都通過一個(gè)37.5毫米的過濾器去處任何粒度過大的物塊。低于粒度要求的礦石被取樣，并且過濾以決定入料粒度分布。在NCRC中每一個(gè)試驗(yàn)大約破碎2500克樣品。這種樣品粒度基于統(tǒng)

44、計(jì)測(cè)試進(jìn)行選擇，那些統(tǒng)計(jì)測(cè)試表明： 為了估計(jì)百分之八十的通過率在正負(fù)0.1毫米范圍內(nèi)的百分之九十五的可靠度至少需要破碎2000克樣品。選擇并振動(dòng)產(chǎn)品使其10次掉于過濾器下，使用一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的干的或濕的過濾方法以決定產(chǎn)品粒度分布。對(duì)于每一次試驗(yàn)，子樣品中的兩個(gè)被最先濾掉。如果產(chǎn)品粒度有任何顯著的不同，額外的子樣品將被濾掉。</p><p>　　使用NCRC進(jìn)行大量的破碎試驗(yàn)以決定各種變化的參數(shù)的效果，參數(shù)包括：輥隙、輥