外文翻譯---邁向智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)

1、<p>　　畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）外文原文及譯文</p><p>　　題目： Toward the Intelligent Web Systems / 邁向智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng) </p><p><b>　　一、外文原文</b></p><p>　　Toward the Intelligent Web Systems</

2、p><p>　　Radha Guha</p><p>　　CSE Dept. of Amrita University, Coimbatore, India 641105</p><p>　　radhaguha@ettimadai.amrita.edu</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p>

3、<p>　　The grand vision of Tim Barners-Lee, director of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) founded in 1994,of changing the non-semantic Web (Web 1.0, Web 2.0)to semantic Web (Web 3.0) will connect all the websites

4、 and will make their systems interoperable.Though this system has not been fully matured yet, the goal of utilizing the full potential of the web by creating an interoperable knowledge whole is not far from reach. With t

5、he emergence of various web technologies and innovative concepts of using</p><p>　　This paper reports which web technologies and protocols succeeded in realizing the current web and speculate what is going t

6、o be the possible future web architecture and its social impact.</p><p>　　1. The Success Story of the Web</p><p>　　In 1989 Tim Barners-Lee [1] invented the World Wide Web or WWW or W3, an intern

7、et-based hyper text transfer protocol (HTTP) for global information sharing. Hyper text markup language (HTML) was developed for displaying the web pages on a browser like Netscape or Internet Explorer running on a user’

8、s computer. Domain name service (DNS) and universal resource locator (URL) naming conventions were developed to discover a machine on the internet which hosts a web page.</p><p>　　Since the inception of the

9、web, the explosive growth of the number of websites and the number of web users is an indication of its popularity amongst students, researchers, businesses and shoppers alike.Web is the most efficient medium for informa

10、tion collection and dissemination in the fastest and cheapest possible way. Web has changed our every day lives, it has changed the way students study, teachers teach and companies run. This explosive growth of the web a

11、lso has been possible due to the </p><p>　　Despite the huge success of the web as a platform and its wide spread social impact, the web has not been studied and understood well as a whole system.This paper i

12、s about exploring the web technologies and tools which are enabling certain web applications and social interactions. These web technologies have enabled certain social interactions which in turn are shaping up the futur

13、e application needs and infrastructure requirements (see Figure1) [2]. In order to engineer the future web, the comp</p><p>　　Figure 1. The social interactions enabled by the web put demands on the web appli

14、cations behind them, in turn putting further demands on the web’s infrastructure [2].</p><p>　　2. The Changing Trend of the Web</p><p>　　The World Wide Web Web is expanding and evolving at a ver

15、y fast rate. The trend of using the web has evolved over the years with the availability of various emerging web technologies. Evolution of the web can be grouped into three different trends namely Web 1.0, Web 2.0 and W

16、eb 3.0. Web 1.0 had slow internet connections, at the most 50kbps (kilo bits per second) with a dial-up connection, whereas today in Web 2.0 the internet speed has increased to 1mbps with broadband connections and going

17、to </p><p>　　The web started with the trend of Web 1.0, which was all about transforming all printing media such as books, music and news etc. to digital media to make it available online. Early web publishe

18、rs were the university researchers. Subsequently many personal web pages were hosted on the free hosting server like Geocity.com. Many had a guest book section for capturing the visitors’ opinions about their websites.Co

19、mpanies built their business websites to advertisetheir products. In this continuing t</p><p>　　contents of the web pages are static and the meanings of the web pages are deciphered by the people who read th

20、em. Web contents are developed by HTML and user input is captured in web forms in the client machine and send to remote server via a common gateway interface (CGI) for further processing.</p><p>　　Different

21、web technologies such as custom style sheets (CSS) for improving usability and cross-browser viewing of the web pages and scripting languages such as Java Script, Visual Basic Script at the client side and Active Server

22、Pages (ASP), Java Server Pages (JSP) at the server side have been developed over the years to make the static web pages dynamic and interactive.User input data from a form on the web page can be send to the remote server

23、 for further processing. External applications can</p><p>　　But as the web browser is allowing external server side applications to run on a client computer the security of the client computer can be comprom

24、ised easily. To solve this problem, Netscape developed a protocol named Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), for transmitting private documents via the internet safely. With the available two way communications over the web a new

25、 trend of using the web then emerged. </p><p>　　Web 2.0 is the change of using the web differently than using of new technologies. Some of the web technologies used in Web 2.0 trend was already there in Web

26、1.0. Web 2.0, which is the current trend, is about social networking and collaboration. This concept has led to the development of many popular social networking web sites and hosted services like Blogs, Twitter, Wikiped

27、ia, Flickr, YouTube, FaceBook and MySpace etc. The students are heavily engaged in online creation and sharing of informa</p><p>　　Web 2.0 has also seen the revolution of using the web as the practical mediu

28、m for conducting businesses. An increasing number of web-enabled e-commerce applications like e-Bay and Amazon have emerged in this trend to buy and sell products online. In those applications users need to input new dat

29、a and access and modify existing data on a web browser to be processed by the server side applications. Many trusted web service providers use the SSL or the encrypted channel so that safe and secure comm</p><

30、p>　　As web gained popularity fast, web was flooded with rich materials of all sorts. But because of the lack of information (metadata) about information this storehouse of information can not be categorized and sorted

31、 easily. Without metadata, sophisticated and powerful algorithms are required by the search engines to parse the keywords requested by the user for screen scraping and knowledge discovery. There is a need for improving t

32、he knowledge discovery in the web along with its expansion. </p><p>　　Web 3.0 is the future vision of the World Wide Web where the individual web sites can be connected into an interoperable knowledge whole.

33、 For web to be Web 3.0 enabled, semantics of the web contents need to be added, in order to process and integrate data by the computers. Semantic web is a web of databases and not of documents. </p><p>　　The

34、 automatic information organization problem of the web has led to the development of another new technology. HTML which is a data presentation language is not good for data exchange which requires giving meaning to the d

35、ata for machine processing. Extensible Markup Language (XML) has emerged for annotating web resources or data with metadata, in a</p><p>　　structured plain text format. XML being a plain text format is both

36、human and machine readable and flexible enough to support data exchange for applications developed for any platform involving different hardware, operating systems and programming languages.</p><p>　　XML pro

37、vides a way of transferring data to PCs, Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) and cellular phones alike. Java Script can read XML files and display the content on the web dynamically. With Ajax (Asynchronous Java Script an

38、d XML), web applications can communicate with each other and display dynamic content retrieved from the background server asynchronously without interfering with the display and behavior of the existing page. XML has bec

39、ome a very successful and ubiquitous web technology f</p><p>　　As XML facilitates adding metadata or semantics of the data, web contents can be machine readable and web applications can be interoperable. Sti

40、ll a standard framework for adding semantic to the web content is required for automatic interchange of data between any two systems. Many frameworks and protocols have emerged to set standards for adding metadata to the

41、 web for creating an interoperable web system. </p><p>　　The next section explores which technologies have emerged in transforming the grand vision of Tim Barners-Lee’s, of changing the non-semantic web (Web

42、 1.0, Web 2.0) into semantic web (Web 3.0) and how far they have been successful in designing an intelligent, interoperable web systems.</p><p>　　3. Future Web: The Intelligent Web Systems</p><p&g

43、t;　　By adding semantics to the web documents, computers can browse, search and query on behalf of the human users. Intelligent agents can be designed and employed in an application which can group information distributed

44、 throughout the web and process and take action accordingly. Interoperability is possible only when an efficient and flexible middleware design with the help of semantic web technologies, will provide standard set of int

45、erfaces for heterogeneous applications to communicate with each </p><p>　　4. Conclusion: Creating the Future</p><p>　　Future of the web and the future of the human society are intermingled. To p

46、lan a better future the web science need to be studied and understood as a whole. The web page designers and application developers have a lot of challenges to support a high performance infrastructure which connects mul

47、tiple servers and services all geographically distributed across the globe. They should conform to standardization and layered design techniques for reusability, interoperability and allowing scope for fu</p><

48、p>　　References</p><p>　　[1] Tim Barners-Lee. www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/.August 2008.</p><p>　　[2] J. Handler, N. Shadbolt, W. Hall, T. Berners-Lee and D.Weitzner. Web Science: An Interdis

49、ciplinary Approach to Understanding the Web. Communications of the ACM, Vol 51, No. 7, July 2008.</p><p><b>　　二、譯文</b></p><p><b>　　邁向智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)</b></p><p>　　摘要

50、 由于Tim Barners-Lee想達(dá)成非語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)（Web 1.0，Web2.0）和語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)（Web 3.0）連接所有的網(wǎng)頁(yè)網(wǎng)站并使其系統(tǒng)互通這個(gè)宏偉的目標(biāo)，萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)聯(lián)盟（W3C）于1994年正式成立。雖然這一制度至今還沒(méi)有完全的成熟，但是，利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的整體潛力來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)可互操作的整體知識(shí)網(wǎng)并不再是一個(gè)遙不可及的目標(biāo)。隨著各種新興網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的不斷涌現(xiàn)，以及各種充分使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)潛力的創(chuàng)新概念的產(chǎn)生和應(yīng)用，網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在日新月異的發(fā)生著變化，并且快速的邁

51、向智能化網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)這個(gè)最終的目標(biāo)。在理想的情況下，智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)將會(huì)是一個(gè)語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)和Web服務(wù)在不同的計(jì)算機(jī)都可以自動(dòng)處理Web內(nèi)容，并且語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)和Web服務(wù)結(jié)合在一起的一個(gè)新系統(tǒng)。本文報(bào)告的這些網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和協(xié)議成功的實(shí)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)前的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，同時(shí)猜測(cè)了在未來(lái)可能的網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)及其社會(huì)影響。</p><p>　　1.Web的成功故事 1989年Tim Barners-Lee[1]發(fā)明了萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)或著稱作WWW即W3，一個(gè)以互聯(lián)

52、網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ)的超文本傳輸協(xié)議（HTTP）為全球的信息進(jìn)行共享。超文本標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言（HTML）是為了在用戶的瀏覽器上能夠顯示一個(gè)像Netscape或Internet Explorer這樣的網(wǎng)頁(yè)而開(kāi)發(fā)的。域名服務(wù)（DNS）和統(tǒng)一資源定位器（URL）的命名慣例的確定使計(jì)算機(jī)能在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上找到想要訪問(wèn)的主機(jī)網(wǎng)頁(yè)。 自從網(wǎng)站成立以來(lái)，網(wǎng)站的數(shù)目和網(wǎng)絡(luò)用戶的數(shù)量都在以一種爆炸性的方式在增長(zhǎng)，無(wú)論是在學(xué)生、研究人員、企業(yè)以及消費(fèi)者中都有流行的跡象。網(wǎng)絡(luò)

53、可以說(shuō)是信息收集和傳播速度最快最有效和最廉價(jià)的方式之一。網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)改變了我們的日常生活方式，也改變了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式、教師的教學(xué)方式以及很多公司的運(yùn)營(yíng)方式。網(wǎng)絡(luò)的這種爆炸性增長(zhǎng)也使個(gè)人電腦（PC）開(kāi)始變得日益普同時(shí)也帶動(dòng)了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入速度的提高。</p><p>　　盡管作為一個(gè)平臺(tái)，其廣泛的網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播和巨大的的社會(huì)影響力已經(jīng)是十分成功的了，但是web的整體系統(tǒng)還沒(méi)有被完全的研究和解析清楚。本文是關(guān)于探索如何使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)

54、、工具才能使網(wǎng)頁(yè)更好的被應(yīng)用以及更好的與社會(huì)互動(dòng)這個(gè)主題進(jìn)行探討的。網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)已經(jīng)很確定將在未來(lái)的社會(huì)應(yīng)用中和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)中被運(yùn)用到（圖1）。網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程師們?yōu)榱宋磥?lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的社會(huì)應(yīng)用，需要分析應(yīng)用需求，加快相對(duì)落后的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，這樣才能對(duì)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的整體研究有一個(gè)更好的理解和分析。</p><p>　　圖1:由Web啟用的社會(huì)應(yīng)用，從展現(xiàn)出他們的背后的網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用的需求，以便于在網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)上能夠進(jìn)一步要求</p&

55、gt;<p>　　2.Web的變化趨勢(shì)</p><p>　　萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)模正在以非?？斓乃俣炔粩嗟臄U(kuò)大發(fā)展。隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)被使用的趨勢(shì)不斷的增加，各種新興網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的可用性也在近年內(nèi)不斷提高。網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展可分為三個(gè)不同的步驟，即Web 1.0，Web 2.0和Web 3.0。Web 1.0連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的速度較低，使用撥號(hào)連接，最大速度50kbps，而在今天，在 Web 2.0連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的速度已經(jīng)提高到了1Mb

56、ps，使用寬帶連接到網(wǎng)絡(luò)。在以后的Web 3.0中，連接互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的速度將要超越10Mpbs，用戶需要的高清晰度視頻，三維圖形，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)和游戲顯示都將成為新的規(guī)范中的一部分。</p><p>　　隨著基于Web 1.0的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)開(kāi)始逐漸發(fā)展起來(lái)的網(wǎng)站的紛紛產(chǎn)生，所有的印刷媒體（例如書(shū)籍，音樂(lè)和新聞等）都面臨著需要轉(zhuǎn)換成為數(shù)字媒體，使之成為能夠在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上提供的新媒介。以至于早期的Web出版商大都是大學(xué)中的研究人員。隨后網(wǎng)

57、絡(luò)變得更加的普及化，許多個(gè)人的網(wǎng)頁(yè)被托管在了免費(fèi)的托管服務(wù)器中，諸如Geocity.com。許多網(wǎng)站從使用他們網(wǎng)站的游客的留言中獲取了關(guān)于他們網(wǎng)站的相關(guān)意見(jiàn)。公司也抓住時(shí)機(jī)，建立起了屬于自己的商業(yè)網(wǎng)站用來(lái)宣傳他們的產(chǎn)品。在Web 1.0的時(shí)代，這種趨勢(shì)一直在持續(xù)的增長(zhǎng)，但是網(wǎng)站網(wǎng)頁(yè)的內(nèi)容都是靜態(tài)的，網(wǎng)頁(yè)里面所包含的信息也只能由瀏覽這個(gè)網(wǎng)頁(yè)的人來(lái)接收。在這個(gè)時(shí)期，網(wǎng)站內(nèi)容是由超文本標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言（HTML）開(kāi)發(fā)的，用戶的輸入在客戶端機(jī)的Web窗

58、體中被捕捉，并發(fā)送至遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器，通過(guò)一個(gè)通用網(wǎng)關(guān)接口（CGI）再作進(jìn)一步的處理。</p><p>　　而為了使動(dòng)態(tài)的網(wǎng)頁(yè)和靜態(tài)的網(wǎng)頁(yè)之間能夠互動(dòng)，在這幾年中，不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)都紛紛得到了發(fā)展，例如為了提高可用性而產(chǎn)生的層疊樣式表（CSS）又比如為了能夠跨瀏覽器瀏覽網(wǎng)頁(yè)的腳本語(yǔ)言，在服務(wù)器端的Java服務(wù)器頁(yè)面（JSP），JavaScript，在客戶端和Visual Basic腳本活動(dòng)服務(wù)器頁(yè)面（ASP）等等。利用這

59、些技術(shù)，用戶在網(wǎng)頁(yè)上的表單中輸入的數(shù)據(jù)可以被發(fā)送到遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器中作進(jìn)一步處理。甚至使用不同的編程語(yǔ)言（例如C / C + +，Perl，Visual Basic等）的外部應(yīng)用程序也可以通過(guò)鏈接到網(wǎng)頁(yè)的通用網(wǎng)關(guān)接口（CGI模塊）發(fā)送到遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器來(lái)處理。</p><p>　　但是，隨著Web瀏覽器允許外部服務(wù)器端的應(yīng)用程序在客戶端計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行，客戶端計(jì)算機(jī)的安全性也開(kāi)始變得比原來(lái)容易受到損害了。為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，Net

60、scape開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)名為安全套接層（SSL）的協(xié)議，該協(xié)議是為網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信提供安全及數(shù)據(jù)完整性的一種安全協(xié)議。因?yàn)檫@兩種有效的傳播途徑在網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的使用，使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)變成了一個(gè)新的潮流。</p><p>　　Web 2.0給網(wǎng)絡(luò)所帶來(lái)的改變不僅僅是使用一個(gè)新的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)就能帶來(lái)的，其對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)產(chǎn)生的影響無(wú)疑是十分深遠(yuǎn)的。在Web 2.0中所使用的一些網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)是在Web 1.0中就已經(jīng)使用技術(shù)的延伸。對(duì)于Web 2.0來(lái)說(shuō)，當(dāng)前的趨

61、勢(shì)是關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)的社會(huì)化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)的共享。這個(gè)概念導(dǎo)致了許許多多廣受歡迎的社交網(wǎng)站的開(kāi)發(fā)和運(yùn)營(yíng)，如Blogs，Twitter，維基百科的Flickr，YouTube，F(xiàn)acebook和MySpace等等。很多學(xué)生們都非常積極的從事在線創(chuàng)作，并且利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)來(lái)共享信息，圖片和視頻當(dāng)然也在其中。從此網(wǎng)站不再只是一個(gè)單一的發(fā)布-閱讀的這種簡(jiǎn)單模式的系統(tǒng)了，而是成為了一個(gè)雙向的知識(shí)創(chuàng)造以及共享的系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)。</p><p>　　就

62、使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)這種媒介作為開(kāi)展業(yè)務(wù)的網(wǎng)站，Web 2.0已經(jīng)可以被看做一場(chǎng)革命了。越來(lái)越多的網(wǎng)絡(luò)功能開(kāi)始被應(yīng)用，如e - Bay和亞馬遜等電子商務(wù)的應(yīng)用，已在這一趨勢(shì)下，在線購(gòu)買和在線銷售產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)變得不再新鮮，甚至開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)。在這些應(yīng)用中用戶需要在Web瀏覽器中輸入新的數(shù)據(jù)，取出并修改現(xiàn)有數(shù)據(jù)，最后通過(guò)服務(wù)器端的應(yīng)用程序來(lái)處理。很多值得信賴的網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)供應(yīng)商使用的是SSL或著使用加密頻道來(lái)保證通信的安全以及保密，當(dāng)然，供應(yīng)商也可以同時(shí)使用兩種

63、保密方式來(lái)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的保密。</p><p>　　隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)開(kāi)始日益變得普及，普及速度更是再進(jìn)一步的加快，網(wǎng)絡(luò)已經(jīng)被各類豐富的信息所充滿。但是由于缺少關(guān)于信息的描述信息（即元數(shù)據(jù)），信息倉(cāng)庫(kù)不能輕易被歸類和排序。沒(méi)有元數(shù)據(jù)，搜索引擎就需要復(fù)雜和強(qiáng)大的算法來(lái)解析用戶在屏幕抓取中的顯示的關(guān)鍵字以及知識(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)。有此可知，提高網(wǎng)絡(luò)的知識(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)能力并且進(jìn)行擴(kuò)展就成為了一個(gè)非常必要的需求。</p><p>　

64、　Web 3.0是對(duì)萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)未來(lái)的展望，它能將各個(gè)獨(dú)立的網(wǎng)站連接成一個(gè)可互相操作知識(shí)整體。Web 3.0啟用后的網(wǎng)站，Web內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)義需要被添加，使計(jì)算機(jī)能夠更好的處理和整合數(shù)據(jù)。語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，而不是文件。</p><p>　　如何自動(dòng)組織網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息的問(wèn)題更是導(dǎo)致了另一個(gè)新技術(shù)的發(fā)展。HTML是一種數(shù)據(jù)表達(dá)語(yǔ)言而不能用于數(shù)據(jù)交換，這就意味著需要對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行再加工?？蓴U(kuò)展標(biāo)記語(yǔ)言（XML）已經(jīng)成為了一種注釋網(wǎng)

65、絡(luò)資源或元數(shù)據(jù)使之得以結(jié)構(gòu)化的純文本格式。純文本的XML是一種人類和機(jī)器都可讀的格式，并且足夠的靈活，可以支持?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)用于任何涉及到的不同硬件平臺(tái)、操作系統(tǒng)以及編程語(yǔ)言。</p><p>　　XML給如個(gè)人電腦（PC），個(gè)人數(shù)字助理（PDA）和移動(dòng)電話等等設(shè)備提供了一種傳輸數(shù)據(jù)的方法。Java腳本可以讀取XML文件并在動(dòng)態(tài)網(wǎng)頁(yè)中顯示其內(nèi)容。使用Ajax（異步JavaScript及XML），Web應(yīng)用程序可以相互通信并

66、且從后臺(tái)服務(wù)器顯示動(dòng)態(tài)內(nèi)容的檢索，同時(shí)還能不與現(xiàn)有的顯示和頁(yè)面的行為相干預(yù)。就結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)據(jù)和純文本格式來(lái)說(shuō)，XML已經(jīng)成為了一個(gè)非常成功和無(wú)所不在的網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)了。由于XML的使用，網(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展將被分隔成單獨(dú)的兩部分，分別是HTML表示層和XML內(nèi)容層。</p><p>　　由于XML便于添加元數(shù)據(jù)或數(shù)據(jù)的語(yǔ)義，網(wǎng)頁(yè)內(nèi)容可以被機(jī)器識(shí)別同時(shí)Web應(yīng)用程序也可以進(jìn)行相互操作。任何兩個(gè)系統(tǒng)之間的數(shù)據(jù)自動(dòng)交換都需要一個(gè)用于添加

67、Web內(nèi)容的語(yǔ)義標(biāo)準(zhǔn)框架。很多框架和協(xié)議多出現(xiàn)了設(shè)置添加元數(shù)據(jù)，創(chuàng)建一個(gè)可互操作的Web系統(tǒng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p>　　下面一章我們將探討一下哪些技術(shù)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)在Tim Barners-Lee的改變非語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)（Web 1.0，Web 2.0）到語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)（Web 3.0）這個(gè)宏偉目標(biāo)中，以及現(xiàn)在離成功的設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)智能的交互網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)這個(gè)最終目標(biāo)還有多遠(yuǎn)。</p><p>　　3.未來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)：智能網(wǎng)絡(luò)系

68、統(tǒng)</p><p>　　加入語(yǔ)義Web文檔，電腦可以代表人類的瀏覽，搜索和查詢。智能代理可以設(shè)計(jì)和應(yīng)用程序，信息分組分布在整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和過(guò)程，并采取相應(yīng)的行動(dòng)?；ゲ僮餍允钱?dāng)靈活的中間件的設(shè)計(jì)具有幫助語(yǔ)義Web技術(shù)變得高效的效果，并將提供對(duì)異構(gòu)應(yīng)用程序互相通信接口的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p><b>　　4.結(jié)論：創(chuàng)造未來(lái)</b></p><p>　　W

69、eb和人類社會(huì)的未來(lái)前景交織在一起。要規(guī)劃一個(gè)更加美好的未來(lái)網(wǎng)絡(luò)就需要更加科學(xué)的整體研究和理解網(wǎng)絡(luò)。網(wǎng)頁(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)人員和應(yīng)用的開(kāi)發(fā)人員有更多的挑戰(zhàn)，以支持高性能的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，連接多個(gè)服務(wù)器實(shí)現(xiàn)地理上的在全球服務(wù)的互聯(lián)。未來(lái)發(fā)展的網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)應(yīng)當(dāng)符合互操作性以及認(rèn)識(shí)到對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化設(shè)計(jì)的范圍的劃分是多么的重要。網(wǎng)絡(luò)需要使用許多新的概念化的思想來(lái)發(fā)展網(wǎng)絡(luò)和滿足世界各地廣大的觀眾的需求。這些新的一些想法，實(shí)現(xiàn)了當(dāng)前Web技術(shù)并將產(chǎn)生未實(shí)現(xiàn)的新的設(shè)計(jì)原則、

70、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和工具。</p><p><b>　　參考文獻(xiàn)</b></p><p>　　[1]Tim Barners-Lee. www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/. 2008年8月。 </p><p>　　[2]J. Handler, N. Shadbolt, W. Hall, T. Berners-Lee and