外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Exterior Insulation Finishing System</p><p>　　Exterior Insulation and Finishing System (EIFS) is a type of building exterior wall cladding system that provides exterior walls with an insulated fin

2、ished surface and waterproofing in an integrated composite material system.</p><p>　　Terminology</p><p>　　Although often called "synthetic stucco", EIFS is not stucco. Traditional stuc

3、co, otherwise known as Portland Cement Plaster, is a centuries-old non-insulating material. Stucco consists of sand, Portland Cement, and water, and is a hard, dense, thick, non-insulating material. EIFS is a lightweight

4、 synthetic wall cladding that includes foam plastic insulation and thin synthetic coatings. There are also specialty stuccos that use synthetic materials but no insulation, and these are also not EIFS e</p><p&

5、gt;　　EIFS are proprietary systems of a particular EIFS producer and consist of specific components. EIFS are not generic products made from common separate materials. To function properly, EIFS needs to be architecturall

6、y designed and installed as a system.</p><p>　　There are a number of versions of EIFS. The most basic and common EIFS is called a barrier EIFS (also known as a traditional or conventional EIFS). Another type

7、 is called an EIFS with Drainage, which is a barrier EIFS to which a water drainage capability has been added.</p><p>　　A basic EIFS includes only the insulation and EIFS materials (coatings, adhesives, etc.

8、). Other types of EIFS may also include plastic edge trim, water-resistive barriers, a drainage cavity, and other accessories. The technical definition of "an EIFS" does not include wall framing, sheathing, fla

9、shings, caulking, water barriers, windows, doors, and other wall components. However, as of recently, architects have begun specifying flashings, sealants, and wiring fasteners (such as Viperstrap) as be</p><p

10、>　　How EIFS is installed</p><p>　　EIFS is typically attached to the outside face of exterior walls with an adhesive (cementitious or acrylic based) or mechanical fasteners. Adhesives are commonly used to

11、attach EIFS to gypsum board, cement board, or concrete substrates. EIFS is attached with mechanical fasteners (specially designed for this application) when installed over sheet-good weather barriers such as are commonly

12、 used over wood sheathings. The supporting wall surface should be continuous (not "open framing") and flat.</p><p>　　Composition and types of EIFS</p><p>　　EIFS consists of a number of

13、 layers that are installed in the following order. The most basic EIFS (a barrier EIFS) consists of 3 layers:</p><p>　　A layer of foam plastic insulation (also called simply "foam") that comes in t

14、he form of sheets . If an adhesive is used to attach the insulation, the adhesive is applied to the foam with a trowel. Most EIFS use a type of insulation called Expanded Polystyrene, also known as EPS. EPS is 1 lb.

15、 density Expanded Polystyrene, similar to the white foam that coffee cups are made of. The usual range of thickness for EIFS insulation is 3/4, although thicker pieces are sometimes used for decoration accen</p>&

16、lt;p>　　A reinforced layer that is applied onto the face of the insulation with a trowel, consisting of a fiberglass reinforcing mesh ( or "mesh") embedded in a cementitous adhesive. The mesh has an open weav

17、e, somewhat like window screening but with opening about 1/4" square. It is made of fiberglass and can be cut with a utility knife. The mesh is available in various weights, the "heaviness" determines the

18、impact strength of the surface (resistance to damage by being "hit"). The standard weight is 4o</p><p>　　A final topcoat,or finish, which is a colored, textured paint-like material that is applied

19、with a trowel or, very rarely, by spraying. A wide range of colors and textures are available as well as custom colors. Available textures include smooth surfaces, rough "stucco-like" textures, embedded stone c

20、hips, multi-color (granite-like mixtures,) and even brick-like treatments. This layer is called the finish. It is acquired by floating. </p><p>　　If an EIFS with Drainage, or water-managed EIFS is installed,

21、 a water resistive barrier (aka a WRB) is first installed over the substrate (generally DensGlas Gold, exterior-grade gypsum sheathing, OSB or plywood). The moisture barrier is applied to the entire wall surface with a m

22、esh tape over joints and a liquid-applied membrane or a protective wrap like Tyvek or felt paper. Then a drainage cavity is created (usually by adding some sort of space between the foam and the WRB). Then the other 3 l&

23、lt;/p><p>　　Adhesives and Finishes are water-based, and thus must be installed at temperatures well above freezing. Two types of Adhesives are used with EIFS: those that contain Portland Cement ("cementiti

24、ous"), or do not have any Portland Cement ("cementless"). Adhesives that contain Portland Cement harden by the chemical reaction of the cement with water. Adhesives and Finishes that are cementless harden

25、by the evaporation of water - like house paint. Adhesives come in two forms. The most common is in a p</p><p>　　History of EIFS</p><p>　　EIFS was developed in Europe after World War II and was i

26、nitially used to retrofit solid masonry walls. EIFS started to be used in North America in the 1960s, and became very popular in the mid- 1970's due to the oil embargo and the resultant surge in interest in high ener

27、gy efficiency wall systems (such as EIFS provides). The use of EIFS over stud-and-sheathing framing (instead of over solid walls) is a North American technique. EIFS is now used all over North America, and also in many o

28、ther ar</p><p>　　In North America, EIFS was initially used almost exclusively on commercial buildings. As the market grew, prices dropped to the point where its use became widespread on normal single family

29、homes.</p><p>　　In the late 1980s problems started developing due to water leakage in EIFS-clad homes. This created a national controversy and numerous lawsuits. While not inherently more prone to water pene

30、tration than other exterior finishes, critics argue that barrier-type EIFS systems (non-water-managed systems) do not allow water that may penetrate the building envelope to escape.[ </p><p>　　The EIFS indus

31、try has consistently maintained that the EIFS itself was not leaking, but rather poor craftsmanship and bad architectural detailing at the perimeter of the EIFS was what was causing the problems. The building codes react

32、ed by mandating EIFS with Drainage on wood frame building and additional on-site inspection. Most homeowner insurance policies cover EIFS and EIFS-like systems.</p><p>　　Insurance companies like FM Global ma

33、y not provide fire insurance coverage to clients who install EIFS exterior building systems, due to the lack of adequate fire-resistance inherent in the materials. Also, some facility owners have found that EIFS systems

34、that are installed at lower building levels are subject to vandalism as the material is soft and can be chipped or carved resulting in significant damage.</p><p>　　Legal issues</p><p>　　EIFS sys

35、tems have been the subject of several lawsuits, mostly related to the installation process and failure of the system causing moisture buildups and subsequent mold growth. The most notable case concerned the former San Ma

36、rtin, California courthouse. This case was settled for 12 million dollars. </p><p>　　The basic underlying problem behind EIFS litigation was that EIFS was marketed as a cost-effective replacement for stucco.

37、 Stucco is expensive to install because it cracks over time. Stucco must be carefully applied by skilled craftsmen so that the cracks which will inevitably develop are subtle and not obvious. General contractors switched

38、 to EIFS because it was supposed to be easy to install with unskilled or semi-skilled labor and would not crack like traditional stucco. Although EIFS if prop</p><p><b>　　外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)</b></p>&

39、lt;p>　　外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)(EIFS)是一種建筑外觀幕墻系統(tǒng),提供外墻的保溫與表面防水于一體的綜合性復(fù)合材料體系。</p><p><b>　　內(nèi)容：</b></p><p><b>　　1.術(shù)語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　2.外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)如何安裝</p><p>　　3.外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)

40、組成和類(lèi)型</p><p>　　4.外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的歷史</p><p><b>　　5.法律問(wèn)題</b></p><p>　　6.外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)市場(chǎng)和行業(yè)</p><p><b>　　7.建筑細(xì)節(jié)</b></p><p><b>　　8.參考文獻(xiàn)</b>

41、;</p><p><b>　　術(shù)語(yǔ)</b></p><p>　　盡管通常被叫做“合成灰泥”,外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)不是灰泥。傳統(tǒng)的水泥墻,或者叫做普通硅酸鹽水泥,是一種歷史悠久的非絕熱石膏材料?；夷嗍怯缮?、普通硅酸鹽水泥、水,而且是一種堅(jiān)硬、致密、厚實(shí)的非隔熱材料。外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)輕量級(jí)的合成幕墻玻璃,包括發(fā)泡塑膠隔熱和薄合成涂料。也有專(zhuān)業(yè)灰泥使用合成材料,但沒(méi)有絕熱性

42、,而這些也不是外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)中的一種。一個(gè)例子是所謂的厚重單層灰泥,合成應(yīng)用于單層灰泥（傳統(tǒng)粉刷應(yīng)用于三層)。也有一個(gè)外墻外保溫相似產(chǎn)品稱(chēng)為直接使用完成系統(tǒng)(或DAFS),這是一種主要用在外墻外保溫,但卻沒(méi)有絕熱性，具有相當(dāng)不同的特征。</p><p>　　外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)是一個(gè)特殊的專(zhuān)有系統(tǒng),外墻外保溫生產(chǎn)商和包括的具體內(nèi)容。外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)不是由常見(jiàn)隔離材料制造而成。為了正常功能,需要外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的建筑設(shè)計(jì)和安

43、裝作為一種制度。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)實(shí)中有相當(dāng)數(shù)量種類(lèi)的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)。外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)中最基本、最常見(jiàn)的是稱(chēng)為幕墻外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)(也就是眾所周知的傳統(tǒng)的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng))。另一種類(lèi)型是所謂的排水外墻外保溫系統(tǒng),這是一種增加排水能力的幕墻外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　一個(gè)基本的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)僅包括外墻外保溫層和保溫材料(涂料、膠粘劑等)。其他類(lèi)型的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)也可以包括塑料邊緣內(nèi)

44、飾,水阻性障礙,一種排水腔、和其它附件。對(duì)外墻外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的技術(shù)定義不包括墻的框架,防水板框架、模板、嵌縫、水障礙、窗、門(mén)、墻的部件。然而,最近,建筑師們開(kāi)始指定防水板、密封劑、電線(xiàn)緊固件，說(shuō)成是部分的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)中工作的范圍,本質(zhì)上要求外墻承包商來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)它的作品。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的技術(shù)國(guó)家都達(dá)成了共識(shí)--外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的定義,公布ASTM國(guó)際組織,不包括閃爍或封閉的一部分,外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)。許多的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)制造商都有自己的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的典型建筑條件的

45、細(xì)節(jié)顯示窗、門(mén)、控制關(guān)節(jié),防水板內(nèi)/外角球,穿透、關(guān)節(jié)等不同材料,應(yīng)遵循為制造商提供擔(dān)保。大多數(shù)外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)中適用于專(zhuān)業(yè)承包商和普通家庭消費(fèi)。</p><p><b>　　外墻外保溫如何安裝</b></p><p>　　外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)通常是連接到外面的墻的外部(膠凝或丙烯酸膠為基礎(chǔ))或機(jī)械緊固件。通常是用來(lái)附上膠粘劑,石膏板,水泥外墻外保溫板,或混凝土基質(zhì)。外墻外保

46、溫系統(tǒng)中附帶機(jī)械緊固件(專(zhuān)為這個(gè)應(yīng)用程序)當(dāng)安裝過(guò)天氣壁壘等常用比木器。支持墻表面應(yīng)連續(xù)(不是“開(kāi)放框架”),而是平的。</p><p>　　外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的組成和類(lèi)型</p><p>　　外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)中包含了大量的層次,分別裝在下面的秩序。最基本的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)(一個(gè)幕墻的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)中)由三層:</p><p>　　?一層泡沫塑料保溫材料(也簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“泡沫”)的

47、形式來(lái)表。如果一個(gè)膠是用來(lái)連接絕緣保溫材料, 應(yīng)用于膠粘劑用抹子泡沫。大多數(shù)外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)中使用了一種新型絕熱材料稱(chēng)為膨脹聚苯乙烯塑料,也被稱(chēng)為EPS。EPS板是1磅密度膨脹聚苯乙烯塑料,類(lèi)似于白色泡沫,咖啡杯組成。通常的范圍的厚度為外墻外保溫的3 / 4,雖然較厚的塊是有時(shí)用于裝飾——稱(chēng)為泡沫形狀。</p><p>　　這是一個(gè)增強(qiáng)層?應(yīng)用于表面的絕緣性能,組成的一個(gè)玻璃纖維加固網(wǎng)格(或“網(wǎng)狀”)嵌套在膠粘劑。

48、有開(kāi)放網(wǎng)格織窗紗,有點(diǎn)像,但隨著開(kāi)放的約1 / 4的是在玻璃纖維,可減少用一個(gè)實(shí)用的小刀。網(wǎng)格是可在各種各樣的權(quán)重,確定了“憂(yōu)愁”沖擊強(qiáng)度的表面(抗傷害被“擊中”)。這是4盎司標(biāo)準(zhǔn)體重,體重達(dá)到網(wǎng)格多達(dá)15或20盎司。這第二層層被稱(chēng)為基地的外套。</p><p>　　最后的飾面,這是一種顏色或紋理油漆類(lèi)材料，是采用涂抹或非常少見(jiàn)的噴灑技術(shù)。一個(gè)廣泛的顏色和紋理都可用以定制的顏色。光滑的表面,包括可貼圖紋理,“粗糙

49、”灰泥狀嵌入式石片,復(fù)色(花崗巖類(lèi)),甚至磚類(lèi)混合物,治療方法。這層被稱(chēng)為飾面層。它是后天獲得的。</p><p>　　如果一個(gè)外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)和引流,或誰(shuí)管理外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)中安裝,一碗水電阻性障礙(又叫做)是第一次安裝了一些很有用的基質(zhì)(一般金、石膏罩、OSB或是膠合板)。[引文需要]防潮是應(yīng)用到整個(gè)墻面,網(wǎng)在關(guān)節(jié)和一個(gè)液體營(yíng)養(yǎng)帶膜保護(hù)包好特衛(wèi)強(qiáng)或感受到的紙。然后創(chuàng)建一種排水腔(通常是通過(guò)增加某種之間的空間泡沫和

50、一些很有用的)。然后另一個(gè)3層,如上所述,是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)。這種類(lèi)型的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)必須由許多建筑規(guī)范地區(qū)是木結(jié)構(gòu)建筑,旨在提供路徑可能趕不上附帶水了外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)用安全的路線(xiàn)回到外面了。目的是為了阻止水損害支持墻。</p><p>　　是由水基膠粘劑完成的,所以必須要被安裝在溫度高于凍結(jié)。兩種類(lèi)型的膠粘劑采用外墻:即富含硅酸鹽水泥(“膠凝”),或沒(méi)有任何普通硅酸鹽水泥。膠粘劑含有硅酸鹽水泥硬化之化學(xué)反應(yīng)的水泥與水。膠粘

51、劑的完成,漲停由水的蒸發(fā)現(xiàn)象——就像房子油漆。膠粘劑進(jìn)來(lái)兩種形式。最常用的是在一個(gè)塑膠水桶作為膠,普通硅酸鹽水泥,是補(bǔ)充。也可作為干燥型膠粘劑的粉末在麻袋,水是補(bǔ)充。在一個(gè)塑膠桶來(lái)完成,準(zhǔn)備使用,如油漆。外墻外保溫是在個(gè)別的碎片,通常在大袋。修剪到合適的零件都是在城墻建筑工地。</p><p><b>　　外墻外保溫的歷史</b></p><p>　　外墻外保溫是發(fā)展

52、在歐洲的第二次世界大戰(zhàn)之后,最初用于改造固體砌體墻。20世紀(jì)60年代,并成在北美的為很受歡迎，1970年代中期由于石油禁運(yùn)的激增和合成高能源效益的興趣(如外墻外保溫墻體系統(tǒng)提供)。在螺柱-和-護(hù)套，北美外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)的使用框架(而不是在堅(jiān)實(shí)的墻)是一種技術(shù)。如今全北美用外墻外保溫技術(shù),并在世界各地的其他許多地區(qū),特別是在歐洲和太平洋邊緣地區(qū)應(yīng)用較多。</p><p>　　在北美,外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)最初使用幾乎只在商業(yè)

53、建筑。隨著市場(chǎng)的成長(zhǎng),價(jià)格已跌落到一個(gè)點(diǎn),這個(gè)點(diǎn)上它的使用變得流行。(獨(dú)立家庭住宅正常適用需要]</p><p>　　在上個(gè)世紀(jì)80年代后期開(kāi)始發(fā)展問(wèn)題在外墻外保溫包層水滲入導(dǎo)致家庭損失。這創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)全國(guó)性的爭(zhēng)論和無(wú)數(shù)的訴訟。而不是本性更容易受到水的穿透比其他外部完后,批評(píng)者認(rèn)為,幕墻型非水管理外墻外保溫體系(系統(tǒng))不允許水可能穿透圍護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)逃跑了。</p><p>　　始終保持了外墻外保溫

54、系統(tǒng),產(chǎn)業(yè)本身并沒(méi)有漏了外墻外保溫系統(tǒng),而是可憐的技藝和壞的建筑藝術(shù)在周邊的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)是是什么造成了這種問(wèn)題。這個(gè)建筑規(guī)范的反應(yīng)是必修課程的外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)與同層排水實(shí)木框架建筑和額外的實(shí)地考察。大多數(shù)業(yè)主保險(xiǎn)覆蓋和外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　保險(xiǎn)公司可能不提供像FM全球范圍內(nèi)的客戶(hù)的火災(zāi)保險(xiǎn)合同,外墻外保溫表面構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)的安裝,由于缺乏足夠的耐火固有的材料。另外,一些設(shè)備所有者已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn),外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)

55、,安裝在水平較低的建筑受到破壞公共財(cái)產(chǎn)的行為,作為該材料是軟的,并可以脫落或雕刻導(dǎo)致造成重大的傷害。</p><p><b>　　法律問(wèn)題</b></p><p>　　外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)問(wèn)題的幾個(gè)訴訟案件,主要涉及整個(gè)安裝程序和失敗的系統(tǒng)造成水分及隨后的模具的增長(zhǎng)。最著名的案例有關(guān)這位前圣·馬丁,加州的地圖。這種情況下解決了1200萬(wàn)美元。</p>

56、<p>　　背后的基本的潛在問(wèn)題是,外墻外保溫外墻訴訟是當(dāng)做一種低成本替代品粉刷。灰泥是昂貴的安裝,因?yàn)樗芽p。粉刷必須小心翼翼地應(yīng)用由熟練的工匠,使裂縫將不可避免地發(fā)展是細(xì)微的,不明顯。切換到外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)總承包,因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為是易于安裝和非技術(shù)或半技術(shù)性勞力和不喜歡傳統(tǒng)的水泥墻裂紋。如果正確安裝雖然外墻外保溫系統(tǒng)根據(jù)廠(chǎng)商的說(shuō)明應(yīng)該不會(huì)有水入侵問(wèn)題,許多GCs抄近路利用不合格的勞動(dòng)。反過(guò)來(lái),成千上萬(wàn)的外墻外保溫設(shè)施被和遭受了