外文翻譯--斷路器

1、<p><b>　　附錄A</b></p><p>　　Circuit Breaker</p><p>　　Control and selection of the circuit breaker</p><p>　　Circuit breaker control mode selection and control mode of

2、substation, the size of the substation and other factors. Substation control mode is different, different size, circuit breaker control mode also vary accordingly. </p><p>　　According to the working voltage

3、of control circuit, the circuit breaker control mode can be divided into two kinds of, heavy current and weak current control. According to the operation mode, can be divided into one control two kinds of control and lin

4、e selection. </p><p>　　So-called high voltage control, is from the control equipment of commands to the circuit breaker operating mechanism, the working voltage of the control circuit for dc 110 v or 220 v.

5、According to the control site, divided into two kinds of centralized control and local control; According to the jump, switching circuit monitoring, divided into two kinds of lighting monitoring and audio surveillance; A

6、ccording to the connection of control circuit is divided into control switch has a fixed positio</p><p>　　Weak current control can be divided into the following two cases. </p><p>　　(1) the work

7、ing voltage of circuit breaker control circuit into two parts, low voltage and heavy current issue commands control equipment is working voltage weak current is usually 48 v. Command is issued, and then through the middl

8、e and weak electricity conversion link weak current signal conversion to high voltage signal, command, to the circuit breaker operating mechanism. Intermediate conversion links between circuit breaker and at the same str

9、ucture and high voltage control circuit. This we</p><p>　　(2) from the control equipment to the working voltage of circuit breaker operating mechanism of all circuits are all elv. This way of command signal

10、transmission distance is relatively close, the circuit breaker operation and power is large, it is not suitable for 220500 kv substation. </p><p>　　Low voltage line selection control wiring is more complex,

11、more operation steps, hard to ensure its reliability. 220-500 kv substation circuit breaker, do not recommend using low voltage line selection control. </p><p>　　Common characteristic is due to the weak curr

12、ent control on the control panel using the miniaturization of the weak current control device, the control panel on the unit area can be assigned by the control loop. Under the condition of same number of controlled obje

13、ct, compared with the high voltage control, can reduce the area of the control panel, convenient monitoring and operational personnel; Reduced the master control room construction area, reduce the investment in civil eng

14、ineering. This </p><p>　　High voltage control can be divided into high voltage one to one direct control and high voltage line selection control. Very few of the latter in the practical engineering applicati

15、ons. High voltage one to one direct control method has simple control circuit, power supply voltage of a single operation, the operation personnel easy to grasp, convenient maintenance, high reliability advantages, all k

16、inds of used in substation is put into operation a major control method. </p><p>　　High voltage control, because of the working voltage of control equipment is higher, to meet the requirements of insulation

17、distance, control equipment, terminal equipment such as the volume is big, and within the unit area on the control panel can decorate less control goes back from them. In substation scale, more cases of the object, and t

18、he control panel. This not only increases the surface area of the main control room, increasing the cost of civil engineering, at the same time, due to the </p><p>　　At present, the control method is: one to

19、 one direct control, station is not a conventional control panel, control was achieved by independent measurement device. The old station is also gradually according to the methods of modification. </p><p>　

20、　When in breaker control circuit design should pay attention to the following basic requirements. </p><p>　　(1) shall have the monitoring circuit of the control power. Circuit breaker control power is the mo

21、st important, once lost power supply, circuit breaker can't operate. Whatever the reason, therefore, when the circuit breaker control power supply disappears, should sound and light signals, prompt the personnel on d

22、uty timely processing. </p><p>　　(2) should be regularly monitored circuit breaker jump, switching circuit integrity, when tripping or switching circuit malfunction, should signal circuit breaker control cir

23、cuit disconnection. </p><p>　　(3) should be prevent electric lock circuit breaker "jump", "jump" to the circuit breaker is very dangerous, easy to cause body damage, even caused an explos

24、ion of the circuit breaker, so blocking measures must be taken. At present, the microcomputer protection device and the operation of the circuit breaker loop in the default configuration, have prevent breaker "jump&

25、quot; electrical circuits. Practical application, use and can only use one to prevent the circuit breaker electric circuits of the "j</p><p>　　On February 2, 1997, 220 kv line A phase fault of A certain

26、 power plant, line on both sides of the right protection device, but when reclosing circuit breaker are produced on both sides "jump" phenomenon. Among them, the power plant side of circuit breaker open final i

27、n a row, hydraulic fell sharply, circuit breaker stay in us after rejected points. Due to the fault point not resection, the 220 kv circuit breaker failure protection action will bus coupler circuit breaker and all compo

28、nents of re</p><p>　　Circuit breaker "jump" phenomenon is generally tripping and closing loop through to occurs at the same time. "Jump" prevention circuit design should make there was a

29、"jump" circuit breaker, the circuit breaker lockout to trip position. </p><p>　　(4) jump, closing orders should be long enough, and when the tripping or closing, after the completion of the command

30、 pulse should be able to remove automatically. Usually consists of circuit breaker auxiliary contacts automatically disconnect jump, switching circuit. </p><p>　　(5) for circuit breaker jump, switching state

31、, should have a clear position signal, fault automatic tripping, automatic switching, should have obvious action signal. </p><p>　　(6) the operation of the circuit breaker dynamic disappear or inadequate, fo

32、r example, spring spring not taut, hydraulic or pneumatic pressure to reduce, etc., should be closed circuit breaker action, and a signal; SF6 gas insulated circuit breaker, when the SF6 gas pressure drops and circuit br

33、eaker cannot be reliable operation, should also blocking the action of circuit breaker, and a signal. </p><p>　　In the case of lines or transformers trouble-free, pressure reduce atresia trip circuit. If you

34、 don't locking at this time, once a line or transformer failure, due to the circuit breaker pressure has been reduced, the main contactor has no arc suppression ability, may cause the circuit breaker explosion and it

35、s consequence is unimaginable. </p><p>　　(7) under the condition of meet the above requirements, makes every effort to control circuit wiring is simple, the equipment and use the least amount of cable. </

36、p><p><b>　　附錄B</b></p><p><b>　　斷路器</b></p><p><b>　　控制方式及選擇</b></p><p>　　斷路器的控制方式選擇與變電所的控制方式、變電所的規(guī)模等因素有關(guān)。變電所的控制方式不同、規(guī)模不同，斷路器的控制方式也相應(yīng)而異。

37、</p><p>　　按控制回路的工作電壓，斷路器的控制方式可分為強(qiáng)電控制和弱電控制兩種。按操作方式，可分為一對(duì)一控制和選線控制兩種。 </p><p>　　所謂強(qiáng)電控制，就是從發(fā)出操作命令的控制設(shè)備到斷路器的操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，整個(gè)控制回路的工作電壓均為直流110V或220V。根據(jù)控制地點(diǎn)，分為集中控制與就地控制兩種；按跳、合閘回路監(jiān)視，分為燈光監(jiān)視和音響監(jiān)視兩種；按控制回路接線分為控制開關(guān)具有固

38、定位置的不對(duì)應(yīng)接線與控制開關(guān)觸點(diǎn)自動(dòng)復(fù)位的接線。 </p><p>　　弱電控制分為以下兩種情況。 </p><p>　?。?）斷路器控制回路的工作電壓分成弱電和強(qiáng)電兩部分，發(fā)出操作命令的控制設(shè)備工作電壓是弱電一般是48V。命令發(fā)出后，再經(jīng)過中間強(qiáng)弱電轉(zhuǎn)換環(huán)節(jié)把弱電命令信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換成強(qiáng)電信號(hào)，送至斷路器的操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。中間轉(zhuǎn)換環(huán)節(jié)和斷路器之間的回路結(jié)構(gòu)與強(qiáng)電控制相同。這種弱電控制，實(shí)質(zhì)上只是把布置

39、在控制屏上的控制設(shè)備弱電化了。 </p><p>　?。?）從控制設(shè)備到斷路器的操動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)全部回路的工作電壓均為弱電。這種方式的命令信號(hào)傳輸距離較近，斷路器的操動(dòng)功率又比較大，它不適用于220500kV變電所。 </p><p>　　弱電選線控制的接線比較復(fù)雜，操作步驟較多，其可靠性難以保證。220－500kV變電所的斷路器，不推薦采用弱電選線控制。 </p><p&g

40、t;　　弱電控制的共同特點(diǎn)是由于在控制屏上采用了小型化的弱電控制設(shè)備，控制屏上單位面積內(nèi)可布置的控制回路多。在相同數(shù)量的被控對(duì)象情況下，與強(qiáng)電控制相比，可以減少控制屏的面積，方便運(yùn)行人員監(jiān)視和操作；減少了主控制室的建筑面積，降低土建工程投資。這是采用弱電控制的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是弱電設(shè)備也存在著不足，弱電端子和弱電設(shè)備中的電氣絕緣距離較小，怕積灰塵，特別是灰塵中含有導(dǎo)電物質(zhì)的情況下更危險(xiǎn)；弱電設(shè)備的端子和屏后的弱電連接端子與軟線的連接多采用焊

41、接，由于端子間距離較近，在查線和清掃時(shí)特別注意防止端子間的短路；另外，還有機(jī)械強(qiáng)度低，觸點(diǎn)斷開的容量小，抗干擾性能差等缺點(diǎn)。 </p><p>　　強(qiáng)電控制分為強(qiáng)電一對(duì)一直接控制和強(qiáng)電選線控制。后者在實(shí)際工程中應(yīng)用的很少。強(qiáng)電一對(duì)一直接控制方式具有控制回路簡(jiǎn)單，操作電源電壓?jiǎn)我?，運(yùn)行人員容易掌握，維護(hù)方便，可靠性較高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，是國(guó)內(nèi)投入運(yùn)行的各類變電所中采用的一種主要的控制方式。 </p><p

42、>　　強(qiáng)電控制，因控制設(shè)備的工作電壓比較高，為滿足絕緣距離的要求，控制設(shè)備、接線端子排等設(shè)備體積都比較大，而在控制屏上單位面積內(nèi)可布置的控制回路數(shù)卻較少。在變電所規(guī)模大，被控對(duì)象多的情況下，所需的控制屏數(shù)量多。這不僅加大了主控制室的面積，增加了土建工程的費(fèi)用，同時(shí)，由于監(jiān)視面過大，也不利于正常的監(jiān)視和操作。 </p><p>　　目前，采用的控制方式是：強(qiáng)電一對(duì)一直接控制，站內(nèi)不設(shè)常規(guī)的控制屏，通過獨(dú)立的測(cè)

43、控裝置實(shí)現(xiàn)控制。老站也逐步按該方式進(jìn)行改造。 </p><p>　　斷路器控制回路設(shè)計(jì)的基本要求 </p><p>　　在斷路器控制回路設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下基本要求。 </p><p>　?。?）應(yīng)有對(duì)控制電源的監(jiān)視回路。斷路器的控制電源最為重要，一旦失去電源，斷路器便無法操作。因此，無論何種原因，當(dāng)斷路器控制電源消失時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)出聲、光信號(hào)，提示值班人員及時(shí)處理。 &l

44、t;/p><p>　?。?）應(yīng)經(jīng)常監(jiān)視斷路器跳、合閘回路的完好性，當(dāng)跳閘或合閘回路故障時(shí)，應(yīng)發(fā)出斷路器控制回路斷線信號(hào)。 </p><p>　?。?）應(yīng)有防止斷路器“跳躍”的電氣閉鎖裝置，發(fā)生“跳躍”對(duì)斷路器是非常危險(xiǎn)的，容易引起機(jī)構(gòu)損傷，甚至引起斷路器爆炸，故必須采取閉鎖措施。目前，微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置和斷路器的操作回路的默認(rèn)配置中，均有防止斷路器“跳躍”的電氣回路。實(shí)際運(yùn)用時(shí)，用且只能用其中一處的

45、防止斷路器“跳躍”的電氣回路。設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行時(shí)，應(yīng)嚴(yán)格對(duì)廠家設(shè)計(jì)的該部分回路把關(guān)。 </p><p>　　1997年2月2日，某電廠220kV出線A相故障，線路兩側(cè)保護(hù)裝置正確動(dòng)作，但在重合時(shí)兩側(cè)斷路器均產(chǎn)生“跳躍”現(xiàn)象。其中，該電廠側(cè)的斷路器連續(xù)開斷后，液壓急劇下降，斷路器停留在合位后拒分。由于故障點(diǎn)未切除，該廠220kV斷路器失靈保護(hù)動(dòng)作將母聯(lián)斷路器及一條母線上的所有元件切除，一條母線停電。事故檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)：故障線路

46、的該電廠側(cè)分相操作箱中，防跳繼電器電壓保持線圈極性接反，防跳回路未能起到作用，致使斷路器產(chǎn)生“跳躍”現(xiàn)象：對(duì)端則由于其防跳繼電器中的電流線圈短路，而導(dǎo)致防跳回路未能起到作用。 </p><p>　　斷路器的“跳躍”現(xiàn)象一般是跳閘、合閘回路同時(shí)接通時(shí)才發(fā)生。“防跳”回路的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)使得斷路器出現(xiàn)“跳躍”時(shí)，將斷路器閉鎖到跳閘位置。 </p><p>　?。?）跳、合閘命令應(yīng)保持足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，并當(dāng)

47、跳閘或合閘完成后，命令脈沖應(yīng)能自動(dòng)解除。通常由斷路器的輔助觸點(diǎn)自動(dòng)斷開跳、合閘回路。 </p><p>　?。?）對(duì)于斷路器的跳、合閘狀態(tài)，應(yīng)有明顯的位置信號(hào)，故障自動(dòng)跳閘、自動(dòng)合閘時(shí)，應(yīng)有明顯的動(dòng)作信號(hào)。 </p><p>　　（6）斷路器的操作動(dòng)力消失或不足時(shí)，例如，彈簧機(jī)構(gòu)的彈簧未拉緊，液壓或氣壓機(jī)構(gòu)的壓力降低等，應(yīng)閉鎖斷路器的動(dòng)作，并發(fā)出信號(hào)；SF6氣體絕緣的斷路器，當(dāng)SF6氣體壓