國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行國際貿(mào)易融資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)淺析外文翻譯

1、<p>　　題目： 國內(nèi)商業(yè)銀行國際貿(mào)易融資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)淺析</p><p><b>　　英文文獻(xiàn)：</b></p><p>　　Along with China's foreign trade and WTO, the amount and range will expand rapidly, foreign trade body, to multi-le

2、vel international trade settlement tool will present diversified and new business, and international trade financing will also showing unprecedented diversity and complexity and specialization, the potential risk of grow

3、ing and change. For our country commercial bank, how to grasp the opportunity to expand the international trade finance, LanShou international settlement business, t</p><p>　　To analyze the current situation

4、</p><p>　　Currently our country commercial bank financing business operation management more extensive, not entirely build various financing business strict standards and norms of business operation. Interna

5、tional finance business to exempt deposit issuing, export and import and export trade loan package basic form, and like the international factoring and blessing FeiTing etc, more complex business accounts. International

6、trade finance business and markets provide space is compared. With China's accessio</p><p>　　1 the importance of financing business risks and know not.</p><p>　　China's commercial Banks

7、in terms of the structure of business, international trade finance, together with smaller proportion of international business not familiar with, unlike domestic business, therefore, though as handy for international tra

8、de financing in international business in an increasingly important role in understanding, but have to improve bank financing in international trade can profit</p><p>　　Force, optimize the quality of loan as

9、sets, etc, to the function of international trade is offered by the urgency of financing is not enough attention, to carry out specific means of corresponding measures, inadequate although these international trade finan

10、ce business development in China, but compared with economic internationalization, there is considerable difference. Have the number of Banks to international trade finance management business without thorough understand

11、ing of the basic depar</p><p>　　2 Banks internal lack of effective prevention management system, risk control method.</p><p>　　International trade financing risk management needs to establish pe

12、rfect management system, the use of advanced technology for the operation of each link, monitor and coordination between the bank and the relevant departments of the synergy between branch. But now our bank in foreign ex

13、change business processing procedure is comparatively backward, different between different departments, and those between independent operation, lack of business network resources sharing, lack of management, and</p&

14、gt;<p>　　3 financing business competition damage risk management standards.</p><p>　　Our international trade financing time relative foreign shorter, the market is not mature, various constraint mecha

15、nism is not perfect, commercial bank for international settlement with the fierce competition of business, Banks, and a single form of business for more market share, scrambling to attract customers, the favorable condit

16、ions for enterprise customer credit review and also more and more low, relax to trade financing risk control. For example, one bank reduced the charge issuing deposi</p><p>　　4 'lack of compound, the hig

17、h-quality service personnel.</p><p>　　Our country commercial bank in international trade finance business talent shortage, limited human resources management, and focus on the first branch in marketing agenc

18、y, the less talent for business is bottlenecks. At the same time, the knowledge structure of talents. Because of the Banks are in the international business as independent business to business, the variety of internation

19、al business department on the set for the international settlement and its joint financing business by the rele</p><p>　　5 international trade finance business is not perfect legal environment.</p>&l

20、t;p>　　International trade finance business involves the international financial instruments, goods, goods, mortgage, pledge, trust and security requirements of various laws, the rights and obligations of the behavior

21、of a specific legal definition of financial legislation in China, but obviously lagging development of business. Some international trade finance common practice in our terms and the law is not yet adapted to regulate, f

22、or example, in the business of bank claims to the right goods and doc</p><p><b>　　中文翻譯：</b></p><p>　　伴隨加入WTO，我國對(duì)外貿(mào)易的數(shù)量及范圍將會(huì)迅速擴(kuò)大，對(duì)外貿(mào)易的主體將向多層次擴(kuò)展，國際貿(mào)易結(jié)算工具將呈現(xiàn)多樣化且新業(yè)務(wù)不斷推出，與之相應(yīng)的國際貿(mào)易融資方式亦將呈

23、現(xiàn)出前所未有的多樣性、復(fù)雜性和專業(yè)化，其潛在的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也在不斷增長和變化。對(duì)于我國商業(yè)銀行來講，如何把握機(jī)遇，擴(kuò)大國際貿(mào)易融資，攬收國際結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)，最大限度獲取融資效益和中間業(yè)務(wù)收益，同時(shí)，又要有效地防范和控制融資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，是值得特別關(guān)注的問題。</p><p><b>　　現(xiàn)狀分析</b></p><p>　　目前我國商業(yè)銀行融資業(yè)務(wù)操作管理較粗放，還沒有完全建立各種融資業(yè)務(wù)

24、的嚴(yán)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)范的業(yè)務(wù)操作流程。開展的國際融資業(yè)務(wù)以減免保證金開證、出口打包放款、進(jìn)出口押匯等基本形式為主，而像國際保理和福費(fèi)廷等較復(fù)雜的業(yè)務(wù)所占比重較小。國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)量與市場提供的空間相比很不協(xié)調(diào)。隨著我國加入WTO 和經(jīng)濟(jì)改革的深入，為了應(yīng)對(duì)國外銀行的挑戰(zhàn)，我國商業(yè)銀行對(duì)體制和經(jīng)營機(jī)制也在做大刀闊斧的改革調(diào)整，逐步加大對(duì)國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)的資金投入。因此，我們必須借鑒國外國際貿(mào)易融資的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，結(jié)合我國實(shí)際，深入分析國際貿(mào)易融資風(fēng)

25、險(xiǎn)成因，找出阻礙我國國際貿(mào)易融資發(fā)展的癥結(jié)所在。</p><p>　　1對(duì)貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)的重要性和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)認(rèn)識(shí)不夠。</p><p>　　就我國商業(yè)銀行當(dāng)前開展的業(yè)務(wù)結(jié)構(gòu)來看，國際貿(mào)易融資所占比重較小，加之對(duì)國際業(yè)務(wù)不熟悉，不像國內(nèi)業(yè)務(wù)那樣得心應(yīng)手，因此，雖然對(duì)國際貿(mào)易融資在國際業(yè)務(wù)中日益重要的作用有一定認(rèn)識(shí)，但對(duì)國際貿(mào)易融資在改善銀行的盈利能</p><p>　　力，優(yōu)

26、化信貸資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量等方面的作用認(rèn)識(shí)不夠，對(duì)開辦國際貿(mào)易融資的緊迫性是沒有引起足夠的重視，相應(yīng)地落實(shí)到具體的手段措施上力度不夠，雖然這些年國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)有所發(fā)展，但與我國經(jīng)濟(jì)國際化進(jìn)程相比，有不小差距。有為數(shù)不少的銀行管理人員對(duì)國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)沒有深入的了解，相關(guān)的基層部門實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)不足，不能有效配合和支持多種融資業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展和管理。正因?yàn)槿绱耍瑢?duì)國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性普遍認(rèn)識(shí)較為膚淺，國際貿(mào)易融資不需實(shí)際動(dòng)用資金，只需出借單據(jù)或開出信用證就

27、可以從客戶賺取手續(xù)費(fèi)和融資利息，是零風(fēng)險(xiǎn)業(yè)務(wù)，這直接導(dǎo)致90年代中期大量信用證墊款形成的銀行不良資產(chǎn)；二是當(dāng)出現(xiàn)問題后，又認(rèn)為國際貿(mào)易融資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)很大，采取的措施又導(dǎo)致國際貿(mào)易融資授信比一般貸款難，審批時(shí)間長，制約了該業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展。</p><p>　　2銀行內(nèi)部缺乏有效的防范管理體系，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制手段落后。</p><p>　　國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理需要建立完備的管理體系，利用先進(jìn)的技術(shù)手段對(duì)

28、整個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)操作的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行監(jiān)控管理，并協(xié)調(diào)銀行相關(guān)部門之間及各分行之間的協(xié)同配合。而目前我國銀行在外匯業(yè)務(wù)的處理程序方面較為落后，不同的分支行之間、不同的部門之間業(yè)務(wù)互相獨(dú)立運(yùn)行，缺少網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源共享，缺乏統(tǒng)一協(xié)調(diào)的管理，以至無法達(dá)到共享資源、監(jiān)控風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、相互制約的目的。如融資業(yè)務(wù)由國際業(yè)務(wù)部一個(gè)部門承擔(dān)信貸風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制、業(yè)務(wù)操作風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制和業(yè)務(wù)拓展，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制既顯得乏力，又缺乏銀行內(nèi)部相互制約和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)專業(yè)控制。面對(duì)我國進(jìn)出口企業(yè)普遍經(jīng)營虧損，擁有大量

29、不良銀行債務(wù)的客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)，銀行的貿(mào)易融資潛伏著巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。</p><p>　　3融資業(yè)務(wù)無序競爭破壞風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。</p><p>　　我國開展國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)時(shí)間相對(duì)國外較短，市場尚不成熟，各種約束機(jī)制還不健全，隨著商業(yè)銀行國際結(jié)算業(yè)務(wù)競爭的日趨激烈，各家銀行業(yè)務(wù)形式又較為單一，為爭取更大的市場份額，競相以優(yōu)惠的條件吸引客戶，對(duì)企業(yè)客戶的資信審查和要求也越來越低，放松了對(duì)貿(mào)易融資風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的控

30、制。例如有的銀行降低了開證保證金的收取比例；有的甚至采取授信開證，免收保證金；有的在保證金不足且擔(dān)保或抵押手續(xù)不全的情況下對(duì)外開立遠(yuǎn)期信用證等等，這些做法破壞了風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，加劇了銀行貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。</p><p>　　, 4’缺乏復(fù)合型的高素質(zhì)業(yè)務(wù)人員。</p><p>　　我國商業(yè)銀行在國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)方面的人才匱乏，有限的人才資源也集中在管理層，在一線各分支營銷機(jī)構(gòu)的人

31、才就更少，對(duì)于業(yè)務(wù)的開展是一大瓶頸。同時(shí)，人才的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)單一。由于各家銀行都是把國際業(yè)務(wù)當(dāng)作獨(dú)立的業(yè)務(wù)品種來經(jīng)營，在機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)置上由國際業(yè)務(wù)部門負(fù)責(zé)國際結(jié)算和其連帶的貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)這就造成相關(guān)從業(yè)人員只熟悉國際結(jié)算而缺乏財(cái)務(wù)核算和信貸管理等方面的業(yè)知識(shí)，無法從企業(yè)財(cái)務(wù)資料和經(jīng)營作風(fēng)準(zhǔn)確判斷和掌握客戶資信，對(duì)國際貿(mào)易融資的全過程的每一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)沒有充分的把握，降低了國際業(yè)務(wù)的產(chǎn)品功能和市場效果，對(duì)其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也就缺乏了強(qiáng)有力的控制力度。</p>

32、;<p>　　5國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)的法律環(huán)境不完善。</p><p>　　國際貿(mào)易融資業(yè)務(wù)涉及到國際金融票據(jù)、貨權(quán)、貨物的質(zhì)押、抵押、擔(dān)保、信托等等行為，要求法律上對(duì)各種行為的權(quán)利與責(zé)任有具體的法律界定，但是我國的金融立法明顯滯后于業(yè)務(wù)的發(fā)展。有些國際貿(mào)易融資常用的術(shù)語和做法在我國的法律上還沒有相應(yīng)的規(guī)范，例如，押匯業(yè)務(wù)中銀行對(duì)單據(jù)與貨物的權(quán)利如何，銀行與客戶之間的債務(wù)關(guān)系如何，進(jìn)口押匯業(yè)務(wù)中常用的信