印染廢水處理論文外文翻譯

1、<p>　　摘要：本文分析了印染廢水處理的所面臨的問(wèn)題，以及介紹了印染廢水處理 方法的研究進(jìn)展與動(dòng)向。并指出不同印染廢水處理方法的組合是印染廢水處 理的有效方法。 關(guān)鍵詞：印染廢水；處理方法 紡織印染工業(yè)作為中國(guó)具有優(yōu)勢(shì)的傳統(tǒng)支柱行業(yè)之一，20 世紀(jì) 90 年代以來(lái)獲 得迅猛發(fā)展，其用水量和排水量也大幅度增長(zhǎng)。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國(guó)日排放印 染廢水量為 3000-4000kt，是各行業(yè)中的排污大戶之一。加強(qiáng)印染廢水的處理可 以緩解

2、我國(guó)水資源嚴(yán)重匱乏的問(wèn)題，對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境、維持生態(tài)平衡起著極其重要 的作用。 1 印染廢水處理面臨的問(wèn)題 1.1 排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的日益嚴(yán)格 隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的不斷發(fā)展和人們環(huán)境意識(shí)的提高，我國(guó)加大了對(duì)印染污水的 治理。根據(jù)《紡織染整工業(yè)水污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》 ，除Ⅲ類污水排放指標(biāo)變化不 大外，國(guó)家增加了Ⅰ類和Ⅱ類污水印染廢 BOD、COD、色度、懸浮物、氨氮、 苯胺類、二氧化氯等指標(biāo)的排放限定。而印染廢水水質(zhì)一般平均為 COD800-2000mg/L，色

3、度 200-800 倍，pH 值 10-13，BOD/COD 為 0.25-0.4， 因此印染廢水的達(dá)標(biāo)排放是印染行業(yè)急需要解決的問(wèn)題。 1.</p><p>　　展和后整理技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，新型助劑、染料、整理劑等在印染行業(yè)中被大量使 用，難降解有毒有機(jī)成分的含量也越來(lái)越多，有些甚至是致癌、致突變、致 畸變的有機(jī)物，對(duì)環(huán)境尤其是水環(huán)境的威脅和危害越來(lái)越大。總體而言，印 染廢水的特點(diǎn)是成分復(fù)雜、有機(jī)物含量高、色度深化學(xué)

4、需氧量(COD)高，而 生化需氧量(BOD5)相對(duì)較低，可生化性差，排放量大。 1.2.2 印染廢水處理方法的局限性 80 年代以前， 我國(guó)印染廢水的可生化性較高， CODcr 濃度常在 800mg/L 以下， 采用傳統(tǒng)的生物與物化聯(lián)合處理系統(tǒng)，出水即可達(dá)到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。近二十年來(lái)， 印染廢水水質(zhì)發(fā)生了很大的變化。傳統(tǒng)的印染廢水處理方法，如吸附、懸浮、 過(guò)濾、混凝等具有設(shè)備簡(jiǎn)單，操作簡(jiǎn)便和工藝成熟的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是這類處理方 法通常是將有機(jī)物從液

5、相轉(zhuǎn)移到固相或氣相，不僅沒(méi)有完全消除有機(jī)污染物 和消耗化學(xué)藥劑，而且造成廢物堆積和二次污染；生物法只能除去印染廢水 中的 BOD，對(duì)于 COD 特別是有毒難降解有機(jī)物和色度的出去效果不明顯。 單一的處理方法已不能滿足當(dāng)前印染廢水發(fā)展的要求。 2 印染廢水處理研究進(jìn)展與動(dòng)向 2.1 傳統(tǒng)方法和工藝的改進(jìn) 2.</p><p>　　是處理成本高，不適合大流量廢水的處理，而且 CODcr 去除率低。通常很少 采用單一的

6、臭氧法處理印染廢水，而是將它與其它方法相結(jié)合，彼此互補(bǔ)達(dá) 到最佳的廢水處理效果。汪曉軍等[13]用臭氧-曝氣生物濾池工藝處理模擬廢 水 2.1.4 電化學(xué)法 電化學(xué)法具有設(shè)備小、占地少、運(yùn)行管理簡(jiǎn)單、CODcr 去除率高和脫色好等 優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是沉淀生成量及電極材料消耗量較大，運(yùn)行費(fèi)用較高。傳統(tǒng)的電化 學(xué)法可分為電絮凝法、電氣浮法、電氧化法以及微電解、電解內(nèi)法等。國(guó)外 許多研究者從研制高電催化活性電極材料著手，對(duì)有機(jī)物電催化影響因素和 氧化

7、機(jī)理進(jìn)行了較系統(tǒng)的理論研究和初步的應(yīng)用研究，國(guó)內(nèi)在這一領(lǐng)域的研 究還剛剛起步。 2.1.5 生物處理法 生物處理法主要包括好氧法和厭氧法。目前國(guó)內(nèi)主要采用好氧法進(jìn)行印染廢 水處理。好氧法又分為活性污泥法和生物膜法?；钚晕勰嗉饶芊纸獯罅康挠?機(jī)物質(zhì)，又能去除部分色度，還可以微調(diào) pH 值，運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)效率高且費(fèi)用低，出水 水質(zhì)較好，適合處理有機(jī)物含量較高的印染廢水；生物膜法對(duì)印染廢水的脫 色作用較活性污泥法高。但是生物法存在著三個(gè)自身無(wú)法解決的問(wèn)

8、題：①剩 余污泥的處里費(fèi)用較高；②</p><p>　　2.2.1 光化學(xué)氧化法 光化學(xué)氧化法由于其反應(yīng)條件溫和(常溫、 常壓)、 氧化能力強(qiáng)和速度快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 光化學(xué)氧化可分為光分解、光敏化氧化、光激發(fā)氧化和光催化氧化四種。目 前研究和應(yīng)用較多的是光催化氧化法。 光催化氧化技術(shù)能有效地破壞許多結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定的生物難降解的有機(jī)污染物，具 有節(jié)能高效、污染物降解徹底等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，幾乎所有的有機(jī)物在光催化作用下可 以完全氧化為 C

9、O2、H2O 等簡(jiǎn)單無(wú)機(jī)物。但是光催化氧化方法對(duì)高濃度廢水 效果不太理想。 關(guān)于光催化氧化降解染料的研究主要集中在對(duì)光催化劑的研究上。 其中， TiO2 化學(xué)性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、難溶無(wú)毒、成本低，是理想的光催化劑。傳統(tǒng)的粉末型 TiO2 光催化劑由于存在分離困難和不適合流動(dòng)體系等缺點(diǎn)，難以在實(shí)際中應(yīng)用。 近年來(lái)，TiO2 光催化劑的攙雜化、改性化成為研究的熱點(diǎn)。 2.2.2 膜分離技術(shù) 膜分離技術(shù)處理印染廢水是通過(guò)對(duì)廢水中的污染物的分離、濃縮、回

10、收而達(dá) 到廢水處理目的。具有不產(chǎn)生二次污染、能耗低、可循環(huán)使用、廢水可直接 回用等特點(diǎn)。膜分離技術(shù)雖然具有如此多的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但也存在著尚待解決的問(wèn) 題，如膜污染、膜通量、膜清洗、以及膜材質(zhì)的抗酸堿、耐腐蝕</p><p>　　Dyeing Wastewater Treatment Abstract: This paper analyzes the treatment of dyeing wastewater issu

11、es facing, and describes methods of dyeing wastewater treatment progress and trends. And pointed out that different methods of dyeing wastewater</p><p>　　treatment is a combination of effective treatment of

12、dyeing wastewater. Keywords: Dyeing wastewater; treatment As the textile industry has the advantage of one of the traditional pillar industries, the 20th century was the rapid development since the 90s, its water consump

13、tion and discharge are greatly increased. According to incomplete statistics, China's daily discharge dyeing wastewater capacity 3000-4000kt, is the big one of the sewage industry. Strengthen the printing and dyeing

14、wastewater </p><p>　　the problem. 1.2 The difficulties in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment 1.2.1 components of complex printing and dyeing wastewater Printing and dyeing wastewater refers to the proc

15、ess of dyeing process wastewater discharged by each process a mixture of mixed wastewater. Include: pre-processing stage (such as singeing, desizing, scouring, bleaching, mercerization) emissions desizing, scouring, blea

16、ching, mercerization wastewater; dyeing stage of dyeing wastewater discharge; printing stage o</p><p>　　whereas the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) is relatively low, poor biodegradability, emission volume.

17、 1.2.2 the limitations of printing and dyeing wastewater treatment 80 years ago, our printing and dyeing wastewater biodegradability higher, CODcr often concentration 800mg / L the following, using the traditional biolog

18、ical and physico-chemical co-treatment system, effluent discharge standards can be achieved. Past two decades, water quality printing and dyeing wastewater has undergone great c</p><p>　　investment, which is

19、 simple and low cost, suitable for small and medium sized printing and dyeing wastewater. Traditional activated carbon adsorbent is mainly activated carbon only cationic dyes, direct dyes, acid dyes, reactive dyes and ot

20、her water-soluble dye has good adsorption properties, but not removal of colloidal hydrophobic dyes, and the high cost of renewable so that the application of activated carbon is limited. In recent years, research focuse

21、d mainly on the development of new adsor</p><p>　　does not produce sludge and secondary pollution, high costs, however, not suitable for large flow waste water treatment, and CODcr removal rate. Seldom a sin

22、gle ozone treatment of dyeing wastewater, but will combine it with other methods, complementary to each other to achieve the best wastewater treatment effects. Wang Xiaojun et al [13] with ozone biological aerated filter

23、 wastewater treatment process 2.1.4 Electrochemical Electrochemical method has the equipment, small, small footprint, simpl</p><p>　　sludge decomposition of organic material, but also remove some color, you

24、can fine-tune the pH value, high efficiency and low cost of operation, effluent quality is better suited to deal with printing and dyeing wastewater with higher organic matter content; biofilm decolorization of dyeing wa

25、stewater than the activated sludge process. However, there are three biological methods can not solve its own problems: ① Department of residual sludge in higher costs; ② single-use biological Ji can not me</p>&l

26、t;p>　　anaerobic - aerobic process of dyeing wastewater, the influent CODcr to 1085mg / L, BODS to 315mg / L in the case, both the removal rate up to 83.9 and 76.2, respectively, and then by fluidized bed natural oxida

27、tion and coagulation treatment to remove suspended solids, water up to emission standards. The traditional biological method of color removal is often not ideal, many domestic and foreign scholars dedicated to nurturing

28、high-degradation activity of bacteria or improved treatment of dyeing</p><p>　　photocatalytic oxidation is. Photocatalytic oxidation can effectively destroys many structural stability Di difficulty to the de

29、gradation of organic pollutants, Juyou energy efficiency, pollution and other degradation Chedi advantages, almost all of the organic matter in the next Ke Yi Guang complete oxidation catalyst for the CO2, H2O and other

30、inorganic Jian Dan material. However, the photocatalytic oxidation effect of high concentrations of waste water is not ideal. On the photocatalytic degr</p><p>　　resistance and other problems, so at this sta

31、ge the use of a single membrane separation technology of dyeing wastewater, recycling pure dyes, there are still technical and economic and other issues. Now membrane ultrafiltration membrane treatment technologies, nano

32、-filtration membrane and reverse osmosis membrane. Membrane Treatment of dyeing wastewater salts and COD removal are very good role. 3 Conclusion With increasingly stringent emission standards, national scholars in the p