單螺紋桿機(jī)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--對(duì)壓縮機(jī)單螺桿專用加工機(jī)床的介紹

1、<p>　　Dedicated to the single screw compressor machine updated the Introduction </p><p>　　Abstract: This paper describes four areas from the existing single-screw machine layout and structure, and put o

2、ut the advantages and disadvantages of the list, because of the compressor plant single-screw machine tools and machine tool external Security information, the above introduction there is inevitably one-sided and wrong,

3、and are therefore single-screw compressor for the production of reference works. </p><p>　　First, introduce the layout of machine tools </p><p>　　Decide the size of the compressor displacement o

4、f the stars round, screw diameter, mesh size and the size of the center distance, so different in diameter screw, machine tool spindle and the rotary center are also different. To meet the processing of different diamete

5、r screw, single screw Currently the layout of machine tools in general there are several options. </p><p>　　The first is: machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed </p&

6、gt;<p>　　Machine tool rotary tool spindle center and the center distance for the fixed, can not adjust the center distance. Processing of several of the screw diameter on the center distance required several diffe

7、rent specifications of the machine. </p><p>　　Advantages: simple structure of the machine. </p><p>　　Disadvantage: each machine can only process a specification of the screw, when the market on

8、a certain specification requirements when the screw compressor, resulting in a machine, other machine idle. </p><p>　　The second: the machine tool spindle box for rotary </p><p>　　Processing scr

9、ew machine according to the size of the diameter at the processing before a point of rotating spindle box. Spindle box that the machine can turn on a machine at the above-mentioned article on the use of the improvements,

10、 with the first structure of a machine tool is basically the same. </p><p>　　Advantages: the structure of machine tool easy to adapt to a variety of specifications of the processing screw. </p><p&

11、gt;　　One disadvantage: after the rotating spindle box and the tool spindle turning center line distance between the center line of accurate measurement difficult. </p><p>　　2 disadvantage: after the rotating

12、 spindle spindle box and the front surface of the rotary cutter centerline distance between the reduction of the larger diameter of the screw processing is limited. </p><p>　　The third: the machine tool spin

13、dle box for horizontal mobile </p><p>　　Box at the bottom of the spindle and the base there is arranged between the rectangular sliding rail, spindle box perpendicular to the direction of movement of spindle

14、 centerline and perpendicular to the centerline of the tool rotation. Through the power of the spindle box spline shaft to the base of the tool feed mechanism. </p><p>　　Screw diameter, according to the size

15、 of the processing in the processing of the previous round by hand to the body put into the screw spindle box moved to the appropriate location, and then screw the spindle box on a fixed base. Spindle box available from

16、the mobile Grating detection, position error ± 0.005mm. </p><p>　　Horizontal spindle box can be used as a mobile machine can process diameter φ95 ~ φ385mm any kind between the screw specifications. <

17、/p><p>　　Φ95 ~ φ385mm processing because of the diameter of the screw, causing the front surface and the tool spindle rotation the distance between the center line of the margin is too large, the actual applica

18、tion in the design specifications of the machine into two, a φ95 ~ φ205mm machine screw diameter Another φ180 ~ φ385mm machine screw diameter. </p><p>　　Advantages: a variety of tools to adapt to the specifi

19、cations of the processing screw, each screw specifications need not be provided with the appropriate machine tools. </p><p>　　Disadvantage: the structure of machine tools and machine tool assembly of the two

20、 kinds of more complex machine tools, machine tools than the cost of two kinds of machine tools before the high. </p><p>　　Second, introduce the structure of machine tool spindle </p><p>　　The l

21、evel of machine tool spindle box on the main axis and the base of the vertical axis determines the degree of precision was the precision screw machining, at the same time screw compressor at a speed of thousands of high-

22、speed rotary switch, the accuracy of the screw will be less so that the compressor have a fever, vibration, low efficiency, such as wear and tear situation quickly. </p><p>　　Currently available single-screw

23、 machine spindle structure of the program has the following two. </p><p>　　The first is: bearing radial clearance is not adjustable spindle structure </p><p>　　Before spindle bearing out the use

24、 of one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings and thrust ball bearing combination of both, the main use of double row cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of two ball bearings to bear axial thru

25、st cutting force. </p><p>　　After the general adoption of the spindle bearings out one pairs of cylindrical roller bearings or a ball bearing to the heart. </p><p>　　Main advantages of this stru

26、cture: the main axis of the processing and assembly of simple, low cost. </p><p>　　One disadvantage: because the main axis of the radial bearing clearance can not be adjusted so poor precision spindle. Altho

27、ugh the use of bearings and shaft diameter fit to eliminate the radial bearing clearance, but each bearing diameter and radial clearance is not a fixed value, so it is difficult to design and processing to the quasi-axia

28、l-radial and bearings with bore tolerances. </p><p>　　2 disadvantage: it is very difficult to buy in the market of domestically produced or imported, C, D or P4, P5 class thrust ball bearings, machine tool m

29、anufacturing plant commonly used alternative to the use of ordinary class bearings, which also affected the accuracy of the enhance spindle. </p><p>　　Bearing radial clearance adjustable spindle structure do

30、 not apply to the general accuracy of the general machine tools, does not apply to require a higher accuracy of the spindle of machine tools. </p><p>　　The second: the radial bearing clearance adjustable spi

31、ndle structure </p><p>　　Before the adoption of a spindle bearing P4 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings and a P4-class double row ball bearing thrust to the combination of heart. Th

32、e use of the spindle hole of the double row tapered cylindrical roller bearings under radial cutting force, the use of double row ball bearing thrust to the heart to bear part of the axial and radial cutting force cuttin

33、g force. </p><p>　　Spindle bearings generally used after a P5 class of double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings. </p><p>　　Double row tapered hole cylindrical roller bearings with inn

34、er ring and shaft are tapered 1:12, bearing lock nut with a round led a bearing in the axial displacement of the inner ring bearings and expansion, to reduce or eliminate Bearing radial clearance purposes. </p>&l

35、t;p>　　Main structure of such advantages: high precision spindle. At the front spindle diameter φ230mm noodle on the end measuring spindle Beat value of 0.010mm. Φ230mm cylindrical spindle at the front end on the radia

36、l axis measurement value of Beat 0.005mm. The second structure of the spindle of a precision spindle accuracy than the first about 50% improve. </p><p>　　Main disadvantage of this structure: </p><

37、p>　　The principal axis of the more complicated process, the spindle assembly also has the experience necessary to make the workers to operate the spindle achieve the desired numerical accuracy. </p><p>　　

38、Third, the depth of the tool feed control </p><p>　　Required different processing screw diameter spiral groove depth is also different from the depth of the spiral groove mm from dozens to more than 100 mill

39、imeters range around the tool into the institutions required to feed the thousands of ring rotation in order to achieve a screw machining . </p><p>　　Feed because of the tool in the tool rotating at the same

40、 time achieve motion feed, so on a number of general machine tools used in mechanical, electrical control method of depth of cut does not apply to single-screw machine. </p><p>　　Single screw machine tools g

41、ive agencies into the following different methods can be feed to control the depth of purpose. </p><p>　　The first is: friction clutch and electrical switches to control the depth of the tool feed </p>

42、<p>　　Its principle is to control depth of cut increases the tool cutter feed mechanism increases the load torque so that the tool feeding mechanism of the friction transmission chain slipping clutch, a mechanical

43、 linkage concurrent silent trigger electrical switches, optical signal prompted operator, when manual operator to disconnect the tool into the power sector. </p><p>　　The advantages of this control method ar

44、e: the control method is simple and spare parts processing and operational power from the impact of a sudden. </p><p>　　Disadvantage are: processing of different diameter screw to adjust the clutch friction

45、discs pressed the preload spring. </p><p>　　Material because of the density of each screw, and the hardness of the existence of subtle differences in the degree of cutting tools sharp differences exist, thus

46、 the accuracy of this control method was not too accurate, may lead to screw spiral groove depth tolerance is too large. </p><p>　　The second: use of an electromagnetic clutch, encoder control tool into the

47、mix to the depth of </p><p>　　Tool feed system, equipped with electromagnetic clutch and a tool for detecting the number of rotating ring gear and a gun encoder. </p><p>　　It is a tool of contro

48、l principle hand screw surface encoder to start counting switch, then start counting counting device, when the rotary tool to pre-set number of laps when the cutting depth is reached, the electromagnetic clutch automatic

49、 off open to the power tool into the concurrent silent, optical signal parts prompted the operator has finished processing. </p><p>　　The detection device through the digital display shows the number of feed

50、 circles or feed. Torn off and the electromagnetic clutch, the tool does not only into the rotation with the vertical shaft to the sport. </p><p>　　The advantages of this control method are: the depth of the

51、 spiral groove screw tolerance control more accurate, because of several significant table shows the depth of processing, or want a few laps and the depth of processing or circle the number of operations is also very int

52、uitive and user-friendly. </p><p>　　Disadvantage are: electrical control of machine tools at the same time more complex parts of this control method at the processing plant, if a sudden power failure, the pr

53、ior data set will be lost. </p><p>　　If you add in the electrical control of the battery to power at the early-dimensional detection devices to maintain the job, the problem can be resolved. </p><

54、p>　　Four, the control gear drive space </p><p>　　Single screw machine screw in the processing, due to the spiral groove in the rotary tool and the workpiece rotation to complete the synthesis process. Jus

55、t cut into the workpiece when the tool in the tangential direction of rotation has been going on a greater resistance knife, cutting tool at the workpiece to be cut when the role of the spiral groove, the tool in the tan

56、gential direction of rotation has been going up against a smaller knife and even by the spiral groove thrust workpiece. </p><p>　　Because there is a box-hole processing machine tool, gear and other processin

57、g error, the tool axis of rotation of the drive space is too large, large amount of so-called open. </p><p>　　Detect drive way too much space is a fixed power input shaft and output shaft rotation shaking, i

58、n the case of the transmission structure of conventional design and manufacture of machine tools, the transmission output shaft angle space at more than ten degrees to the dozens of degrees. Transmission gap caused by to

59、o large spiral screw groove surface then there is obvious marks, thus affecting the machining accuracy of the screw. </p><p>　　Upon completion of the assembly machine tool axis of rotation of the drive space

60、 is too large, in fact are subject to various errors gear, creating a backlash of the gear is too large. </p><p>　　Machine tools in the mechanical transmission gear are used regardless of the accuracy of a f

61、ew of the class, the designers take into account the gear manufacturing error, processing error box center distance, temperature, lubricating oil film thickness, the assembly error and other factors, machine design must

62、ensure that transmission gear A certain amount of backlash, backlash decide the size of the gear tooth thickness tolerance size. </p><p>　　Single-screw machine has the Main Drive from other machine tool stru

63、cture specificity. In order to reduce transmission or reasonable gap single-screw machine tools currently used by the following two ways. </p><p>　　The first is: the installation at the output shaft brake &l

64、t;/p><p>　　Tool at the output shaft rotating the location of cylindrical symmetry with radial brake, brake stand up to the tool front-end of the cylindrical rotary output shaft, brake for spring preload. </p

65、><p>　　The working principle of the brake is generated by the friction brake to increase the output shaft damping, reducing the sensitivity of the rotation axis. </p><p>　　Are: brake and easy does

66、not change the structure of the original machine tool structure, the method of indirect reduction to achieve the purpose of drive space, in practical applications there is a certain effect. </p><p>　　One dis

67、advantage: the pre-spring brake tool because of the cylindrical output shaft to exert a greater radial force, in fact increases the load machine torque, resulting in increased motor power at the same time gears, bearings

68、 to accelerate wear and tear. </p><p>　　Disadvantage 2: pre-spring brake because of the output shaft of the cylindrical tool to exert a greater radial force on the possible geometry of the tool output shaft

69、a negative impact on accuracy. </p><p>　　Conclusion: This article describes four areas from existing single-screw machine layout and structure, and put out the advantages and disadvantages of the list, becau

70、se of the compressor plant single-screw machine tools and machine tool external Security information, the above introduction there is inevitably one-sided and wrong, and are therefore single-screw compressor for the prod

71、uction of reference works. </p><p>　　對(duì)壓縮機(jī)單螺桿專用加工機(jī)床的介紹 </p><p>　　摘要：本文從四個(gè)方面介紹了國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有單螺桿加工機(jī)床的布局和結(jié)構(gòu)，并把優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)一一列舉出來(lái)，由于壓縮機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠的單螺桿加工機(jī)床和機(jī)床資料對(duì)外保密，以上介紹難免有片面、不妥之處，因此僅供單螺桿壓縮機(jī)生產(chǎn)廠參考。 </p><p>　　一、介紹機(jī)床

72、的布局 </p><p>　　壓縮機(jī)排氣量的大小決定了星輪、螺桿直徑的大小和嚙合中心距的大小，因此螺桿直徑的不同，機(jī)床的主軸與刀具的回轉(zhuǎn)中心也不同。為滿足加工不同直徑的螺桿，目前國(guó)內(nèi)單螺桿加工機(jī)床的布局大致有以下幾種方案。 </p><p>　　第一種：機(jī)床的主軸與刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心的中心距為固定式 </p><p>　　機(jī)床的主軸與刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心的中心距為固定式，中心距不

73、可調(diào)整。加工幾種直徑的螺桿就需要幾種中心距規(guī)格不同的機(jī)床。 </p><p>　　優(yōu)點(diǎn)：機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單。 </p><p>　　缺點(diǎn)：每種機(jī)床只能加工一種規(guī)格的螺桿，當(dāng)市場(chǎng)上某種規(guī)格的壓縮機(jī)螺桿需要量大時(shí)，造成一臺(tái)機(jī)床加工，其他機(jī)床閑置。 </p><p>　　第二種：機(jī)床的主軸箱為可回轉(zhuǎn)式 </p><p>　　機(jī)床可根據(jù)加工螺桿直徑的大小

74、在加工前把主軸箱旋轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)角度。這種主軸箱能夠回轉(zhuǎn)的機(jī)床是對(duì)上述第一種機(jī)床在使用方法上的改進(jìn)，與第一種機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)基本相同。 </p><p>　　優(yōu)點(diǎn)：機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，能適應(yīng)多種規(guī)格螺桿的加工。 </p><p>　　缺點(diǎn)1：主軸箱旋轉(zhuǎn)后主軸回轉(zhuǎn)中心線與刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心線間的距離不易精確測(cè)量。 </p><p>　　缺點(diǎn)2：主軸箱旋轉(zhuǎn)后主軸前端面與刀具的回轉(zhuǎn)中心線間的距離

75、減少，因此加工較大直徑的螺桿受到限制。 </p><p>　　第三種：機(jī)床的主軸箱為橫向移動(dòng)式 </p><p>　　主軸箱底部與底座之間布置有矩形滑動(dòng)導(dǎo)軌，主軸箱移動(dòng)的方向垂直于主軸回轉(zhuǎn)中心線并垂直于刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心線。主軸箱的動(dòng)力通過(guò)花鍵軸傳給底座內(nèi)的刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)。 </p><p>　　根據(jù)加工螺桿直徑的大小，在加工前用手輪絲杠進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)把主軸箱移動(dòng)到適當(dāng)位置，然后

76、用螺釘將主軸箱固定在底座上。主軸箱的移動(dòng)距離可用光柵尺檢測(cè)，位置誤差±0.005mm。 </p><p>　　采用主軸箱可橫向移動(dòng)的一個(gè)機(jī)床就可以加工直徑φ95～φ385mm之間任何一種規(guī)格的螺桿。 </p><p>　　由于加工φ95～φ385mm直徑的螺桿，造成主軸前端面與刀具回轉(zhuǎn)中心線間的距離差值過(guò)大，因此在實(shí)際應(yīng)用時(shí)設(shè)計(jì)成兩種規(guī)格的機(jī)床，一個(gè)機(jī)床加工φ95～φ205mm直

77、徑的螺桿，另一個(gè)機(jī)床加工φ180～φ385mm直徑的螺桿。 </p><p>　　優(yōu)點(diǎn)：機(jī)床能適應(yīng)多種規(guī)格螺桿的加工，每種規(guī)格的螺桿不需要配備相應(yīng)的加工機(jī)床。 </p><p>　　缺點(diǎn)：機(jī)床的結(jié)構(gòu)和機(jī)床的裝配較前二種機(jī)床復(fù)雜，機(jī)床的造價(jià)也較前二種機(jī)床高。 </p><p>　　二、介紹機(jī)床的主軸結(jié)構(gòu) </p><p>　　機(jī)床主軸箱的水平主

78、軸和底座上的立式的主軸精度的高低決定了被加工螺桿的精度，同時(shí)螺桿在壓縮機(jī)中以幾千轉(zhuǎn)的速度高速旋轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，精度較差的螺桿會(huì)使壓縮機(jī)產(chǎn)生發(fā)熱、振動(dòng)、效率低、磨損快等現(xiàn)象。 </p><p>　　國(guó)內(nèi)目前現(xiàn)有的單螺桿加工機(jī)床主軸結(jié)構(gòu)大致有以下兩種方案。 </p><p>　　第一種：軸承徑向游隙不可調(diào)的主軸結(jié)構(gòu) </p><p>　　主軸前軸承采用1個(gè)雙列圓柱滾子軸承和兩個(gè)推

79、力球軸承組合，該主軸使用雙列圓柱滾子軸承承受徑向切削力，使用兩個(gè)推力球軸承承受軸向切削力。 </p><p>　　主軸后軸承一般采用1個(gè)雙列圓柱滾子軸承或采用1個(gè)向心球軸承。 </p><p>　　這種主軸結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：主軸的加工和裝配簡(jiǎn)單，造價(jià)較低。 </p><p>　　缺點(diǎn)1：由于主軸軸承的徑向游隙不可調(diào)整，所以主軸精度較差。雖然可以利用軸承的內(nèi)徑和軸徑的過(guò)盈配

80、合來(lái)消除軸承的徑向游隙，但每個(gè)軸承的內(nèi)徑和徑向游隙不是一個(gè)固定值，因此設(shè)計(jì)和加工時(shí)很難給準(zhǔn)軸徑與軸承內(nèi)徑的配合公差。 </p><p>　　缺點(diǎn)2：在市場(chǎng)上很難買(mǎi)到國(guó)產(chǎn)或進(jìn)口的C、D級(jí)或P4、P5級(jí)的推力球軸承，機(jī)床生產(chǎn)廠常用普通級(jí)軸承替代使用，此舉也影響了主軸精度的提高。 </p><p>　　軸承徑向游隙不可調(diào)的主軸結(jié)構(gòu)適用于一般精度的普通機(jī)床，不適用于對(duì)主軸精度要求較高的機(jī)床。 &l

81、t;/p><p>　　第二種：軸承徑向游隙可調(diào)的主軸結(jié)構(gòu) </p><p>　　主軸前軸承采用一個(gè)P4級(jí)圓錐孔的雙列圓柱滾子軸承和1個(gè)P4級(jí)的雙列向心推力球軸承組合。該主軸使用圓錐孔的雙列圓柱滾子軸承承受徑向切削力，使用雙列向心推力球軸承承受軸向切削力和部分徑向切削力。 </p><p>　　主軸后軸承一般采用1個(gè)P5級(jí)圓錐孔的雙列圓柱滾子軸承。 </p>

82、<p>　　圓錐孔雙列圓柱滾子軸承的內(nèi)圈和配合軸徑均為1：12圓錐，用圓螺母鎖緊軸承則使軸承在軸向產(chǎn)生一個(gè)位移并使軸承的內(nèi)圈膨脹，從而達(dá)到減少或消除軸承徑向游隙的目的。 </p><p>　　這種主軸結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：主軸精度較高。在主軸前端面φ230mm直徑上測(cè)量主軸的端面跳動(dòng)值為0.010mm。在主軸前端φ230mm外圓上測(cè)量主軸的徑向跳動(dòng)值為0.005mm。第二種結(jié)構(gòu)的主軸精度比第一種主軸精度提高50

83、%左右。 </p><p>　　這種主軸結(jié)構(gòu)的缺點(diǎn)： </p><p>　　主軸的加工工藝較復(fù)雜，主軸的裝配也需要有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的工人操作才能使主軸精度達(dá)到理想數(shù)值。 </p><p>　　三、刀具進(jìn)給深度的控制 </p><p>　　不同直徑的螺桿需要加工螺旋槽的深度也不同，螺旋槽的深度從幾十毫米到一百多毫米不等，刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)大約需要旋轉(zhuǎn)進(jìn)刀幾千圈

84、才能完成一個(gè)螺桿零件的加工。 </p><p>　　由于刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)在刀具旋轉(zhuǎn)的同時(shí)還要完成進(jìn)刀動(dòng)作，所以一些在普通機(jī)床上常用的機(jī)械、電氣控制切深的方法都不適用于單螺桿加工機(jī)床。 </p><p>　　單螺桿加工機(jī)床的刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)采用以下不同的方法都可以達(dá)到控制進(jìn)刀深度的目的。 </p><p>　　第一種：摩擦離合器和電氣開(kāi)關(guān)控制刀具進(jìn)給深度 </p>

85、<p>　　它的控制原理是刀具切深增大時(shí)刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)的負(fù)載扭距增大，使刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)鏈中的摩擦離合器打滑，一個(gè)機(jī)械連桿機(jī)構(gòu)觸發(fā)電氣開(kāi)關(guān)并發(fā)出聲、光信號(hào)提示操作者，此時(shí)操作者人工操作斷開(kāi)刀具進(jìn)給機(jī)構(gòu)的動(dòng)力。 </p><p>　　這種控制方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是：控制方法簡(jiǎn)單及零件加工和操作不受突然斷電的影響。 </p><p>　　缺點(diǎn)是：加工不同直徑的螺桿需要調(diào)整摩擦離合器壓緊碟簧的

86、預(yù)緊力。 </p><p>　　由于每個(gè)螺桿材質(zhì)的密度、硬度存在細(xì)微差異及刀具鋒利程度也存在差異，因此使這種控制方法的精度不太準(zhǔn)確，可能導(dǎo)致螺桿螺旋槽的深度公差過(guò)大。 </p><p>　　第二種：用電磁離合器、編碼器組合控制刀具進(jìn)給深度 </p><p>　　刀具進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)中，裝有電磁離合器及一對(duì)用于檢測(cè)刀具轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)圈數(shù)的測(cè)速齒輪和一個(gè)編碼器。 </p>