區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展分析外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯（節(jié)選）

1、<p>　　中文3050字，1650單詞，9500英文字符</p><p>　　文獻(xiàn)出處：Fattah S, Rahman A. Analysis of Regional Economic Development in the Regency/Municipality at South Sulawesi Province in Indonesia [J]. Journal of Economics an

2、d Sustainable Development, 2013, 4(1): 1-9.</p><p>　　http://www.wenku1.com/news/1D6595F744CC4958.html</p><p><b>　　原文</b></p><p>　　Analysis of Regional Economic Developme

3、nt in the Regency/Municipality at South Sulawesi Province In Indonesia</p><p>　　Sanusi Fattah Abdul Rahman</p><p><b>　　Abstract</b></p><p>　　This study aims to determine

4、 the characteristics of the regional economy in each regency/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi. Second, the research is also strived to identify economic sectors that could potentially be developed as a lead

5、ing economic at each district/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi. Third, future study is aim to determine the economic regional development using Klassen Typology Analysis, Location Quotient Analysis, and Kru

6、gman Regional Index. The result </p><p>　　Keywords: Indonesia regional development, Klassen typology, Location quotient, Krugman regional index, Superior sector, Regional specialization</p><p>　

7、　1. Introduction外文翻譯文獻(xiàn)</p><p>　　Regional development should be tailored at best to the priorities and potential of each area in the region. Moreover, each local government should also strive for a more balan

8、ced development within their respective regions. The fact that each region has different natural resources, human resources, and conditions implies different development step in the said area. The difference of the econo

9、mic potential between regions that can develop quickly with less developed regions could be related to th</p><p>　　Moreover, economic growth that occurring in each region could also different or varied from

10、each other. This have made some region could be known as a fast growing region, slow-growing region, whereas other region have a stagnant growth. Variations in growth rates between regions also influenced by many factors

11、, including the number and capacity of the population, potential natural resource, availability of infrastructure development and construction of facilities, differences in the characteris</p><p>　　In region

12、al development, both local government and communities strive to manage local resources hand-in-hand by forming a partnership between local government and the private sector to create a new jobs and stimulate the developm

13、ent of economic activities (economic growth) in the region (Arsyad, 2005). According to Siregar (2004), the resources within a region could be divided into three main aspects. First, the natural resources in the form of

14、natural resources that are needed to meet human nee</p><p>　　In relation to regional development, South Sulawesi has established two basic policies toward economic development. First, industry development in

15、 order to increase efficiency, productivity and competitiveness is conducted in the form of skills-intensive patterns with high benefit, rather than labor-intensive patterns of production and natural resources. Second, t

16、he development of the agricultural sector aimed at improving the efficiency and productivity of the land using appropriate technology.</p><p>　　When one viewed the economic growth in South Sulawesi per secto

17、r, we could conclude that it have been supported by growth in agriculture, trade, hotels, transport and communication. Thus, it could be state that South Sulawesi still rely on agriculture as an economic sector that has

18、good potential to support economic growth in South Sulawesi. Moreover, geographically, South Sulawesi has some ability and strategic conditions that made the region vulnerable to the impact of globalization and thus t<

19、;/p><p>　　This study therefore aims to determine the characteristics of the regional economy in each regency/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi. Second, the research is also strived to identify econ

20、omic sectors that could potentially be developed as a leading economic at each district/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi. Third, future study is aim to determine the inter-regional specialization using Klas

21、sen Typology Analysis, Location Quotient Analysis, and Krugman Regional Index.</p><p>　　2. Theoretical Framework: Regional Economic Development Concept</p><p>　　Regional development could be tho

22、ught of as an integral part of any national development effort. Arsyad (2005) states that regional economic development as a process to manage regional resource by local government and communities. Furthermore, Arsyad (2

23、005) suggested the formation of a partnership between local government and the private sector to create a new jobs and stimulate the development of economic activities (economic growth) in the region as part of the proce

24、ss in regional economic dev</p><p>　　The main problem in regional development is located in its emphasis on development policies based on the uniqueness of the region concerned (endogenous development) by us

25、ing the potential of human resources, institutional, and physical resources that exist locally. This orientation leads to the creation of initiatives from the region itself in the development process to create new employ

26、ment opportunities and stimulate economic development.</p><p>　　Radianto (2003) have suggested that one aspect of regional development is economic development that aims to promote economic growth and structu

27、ral change. Changes in economic structure may be a shift from agricultural to non-agricultural activities, from industry to services, changes in the scale of production units, as well as changes in labor status. Therefor

28、e, the concept of regional development is appropriate when supported by economic growth theory, economic base model and theory, the cente</p><p>　　A change in economic structure or structural transformation

29、is characterized by the existence of percentage contribution adjustment of various sectors in the economic development, which is due to the intensity of human activity and technological change (Kuznets in Sukirno, 1985).

30、 In conjunction with this, the Shift Share Analysis is a very useful technique in analyzing changes in economic structure.</p><p>　　Meanwhile, the core of the economic base model explains that the direction

31、and growth of a region is determined by the region's exports. According to the model, export is not restricted only to goods and services, but also come from foreigner’s spending within the region in respect with imm

32、ovable goods (Budiharsono, 2001). Economic base theory classifies all economic activity into two sectors namely the base sectors and non-base sectors. Base sector is the sector that serves markets in the regio</p>

33、<p>　　In relation with the center of growth concept, it was acknowledged that Perroux thinking on the concentration of industrial activities in certain areas that drive economic growth, and then evolved into the co

34、ncept of growth centers. According to this concept, there are four main characteristics of a growth center. First, the groups of economic activities are concentrated in a particular location. Second, these concentrations

35、 of economic activity are then capable of boosting dynamic economic grow</p><p>　　In connection with an effort to accelerate regional development, thus the economic linkages between regions are also importan

36、t, especially if this associated with the concept of specialization. The existence of commodity specialization in accordance with each respective sector/sub-sector would allow concentration of sector activity in each reg

37、ion. This is supported by Samuelson and Nordhaus (1995), which states that the public can be more effective and efficient if there is a division of labor t</p><p>　　Economic specialization enables the format

38、ion of trade networks between individuals and among nations. This is a hallmark of any advanced economy. The existence of economic linkage (or specialization) between regions that drive the exchange process to suit the n

39、eeds of each region would allow regional economy to move simultaneously towards economic growth process.</p><p>　　3. Results</p><p>　　3.1 Klassen Typology Analyses</p><p>　　Klassen

40、Typology Analysis is used to determine the difference in the characteristics of the area in each regency/municipality in the province of South Sulawesi in the review of their respective growth rate and income. According

41、to Klassen Typology, the observed region could be divided into four classifications, namely high growth and high income region, high income but low growth region, high growth but low income regions, and low growth and lo

42、w income region (Radianto, 2003; Kuncoro, 2006 ; Sya</p><p>　　Therefore, for the purpose of our research, we have classified the regions based on these four classifications. First, the high growth and high-i

43、ncome regions are areas that have high levels of economic growth and income that is higher than the province of South Sulawesi. Second, high income but low growth region is an area that has a higher incomes, but lower ec

44、onomic growth rate than the province of South Sulawesi. Third, high growth but low-income region is an area that has a higher rate of e</p><p><b>　　譯文</b></p><p>　　印度尼西亞南蘇拉威西省區(qū)/直轄市區(qū)域

45、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展分析</p><p>　　塞努西·法塔赫；阿卜杜勒·拉赫曼</p><p>　　部門經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院，哈沙努汀大學(xué)</p><p><b>　　摘要</b></p><p>　　本研究首先旨在確定每個(gè)南蘇拉威西省區(qū)/直轄市的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)特點(diǎn)。其次, 本研究也致力于探索作為領(lǐng)先經(jīng)濟(jì)的每個(gè)南蘇拉威西省

46、區(qū)/直轄市的經(jīng)濟(jì)部門。再次,未來(lái)研究的目標(biāo)是使用克拉森類型學(xué)分析、區(qū)位經(jīng)濟(jì)分析和克魯格曼區(qū)域指數(shù)，來(lái)確定該區(qū)域的專業(yè)化水平。這項(xiàng)研究的結(jié)果表明, 蘇拉威西省的23個(gè)區(qū)/直轄市中,只有陸武東區(qū)、孟加錫和帕雷帕雷港屬于高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平和高收入水平地區(qū)。陸武和帕洛波則屬于高收入水平但低經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平地區(qū)。邦給和平壤可以歸類為高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平但低收入發(fā)展水平的地區(qū),而其他區(qū)/直轄市屬于低經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平和低收入發(fā)展水平的地區(qū)。接下來(lái),區(qū)位分析表明,每個(gè)區(qū)

47、/直轄市都有不同的上級(jí)/主要經(jīng)濟(jì)部門。最后,地區(qū)專業(yè)化的結(jié)果分析表明,內(nèi)部地區(qū)專門化具有經(jīng)濟(jì)可靠性特點(diǎn),盡管部分區(qū)/直轄市的可靠性仍然疲弱，但作為經(jīng)濟(jì)部門，其表現(xiàn)越來(lái)越多樣化。</p><p>　　關(guān)鍵詞:印度尼西亞區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,克拉森類型學(xué),區(qū)位商,克魯格曼區(qū)域指數(shù),上</p><p><b>　　級(jí)部門，區(qū)域?qū)I(yè)化</b></p><p>

48、<b>　　1引言</b></p><p>　　區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展應(yīng)根據(jù)該地區(qū)每個(gè)領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢(shì)和潛力因地適宜的進(jìn)行。此外,各地方政府也應(yīng)該在各自的區(qū)域內(nèi)謀求更加平衡的發(fā)展。事實(shí)上,每個(gè)地區(qū)都有各自不同的自然資源、人力資源和條件，不過(guò)，這也意味著每個(gè)地區(qū)都有不同的發(fā)展步伐，各地差異也比較大。地區(qū)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)潛力發(fā)展不均衡,欠發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)的發(fā)展可能受到該地區(qū)中各種陰影響因素的限制。此外，各個(gè)地區(qū)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)

49、系也是很重要的,尤其是涉及到一些專業(yè)化的部門的時(shí)候，更需要各方的合作發(fā)展。這些都表明，為了使得局部區(qū)域內(nèi)部能夠協(xié)調(diào)同步發(fā)展，中央政府作為監(jiān)管角色的重要性就愈加凸顯。(蒂基普瑞賈德,1995)。</p><p>　　此外, 每個(gè)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平的過(guò)程也可能具有多樣化的特征。一些地區(qū)可能被稱為一個(gè)快速發(fā)展的地區(qū),另外的一些被稱為發(fā)展緩慢的地區(qū),而其他地區(qū)的發(fā)展停滯。地區(qū)之間經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平率的變化也受到很多因素的影響,包

50、括人口的數(shù)量和能力、潛在的自然資源、可用性的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)、地區(qū)的差異特征、地區(qū)的開(kāi)發(fā)能力、發(fā)展環(huán)境和其他(阿迪薩米塔,2009)。</p><p>　　在區(qū)域發(fā)展中,地方政府和社區(qū)共同致力于管理好本地的各類資源,通過(guò)建立一個(gè)地方政府和私營(yíng)部門之間的合作伙伴關(guān)系，以此來(lái)創(chuàng)建新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)并刺激該地區(qū)的活力，促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的發(fā)展(經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平) (艾斯德,2005)。根據(jù)西里卡(2004)的觀點(diǎn),一個(gè)區(qū)域的資源可分為三個(gè)

51、主要方面。首先,自然資源以天然資源的形式存在，主要是為了能滿足人類的需求。第二,則是人力資源，它包含在人類潛能、智力、藝術(shù)和技能等等,可以用來(lái)滿足自己、他人或社會(huì)的需要。第三,人造形式的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,可以用于支持人類生活，并能通過(guò)其有效使用使自然資源和人力資源在當(dāng)前和未來(lái)都得到最大化的持續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)。</p><p>　　關(guān)于區(qū)域發(fā)展，南蘇拉威西島建立了兩種基本的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展政策。首先,為了提高效率、生產(chǎn)力和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,

52、是以一種技術(shù)密集型模式存在的,而不是生產(chǎn)和自然資源的勞動(dòng)密集型模式。第二,農(nóng)業(yè)部門的發(fā)展,旨在提高效率和生產(chǎn)力，并使用適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)提高土地肥力。</p><p>　　考察蘇拉威西島南部每個(gè)部門的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平,我們可以得出這樣的結(jié)論,它為農(nóng)業(yè)、貿(mào)易、酒店、交通和通信的增長(zhǎng)提供了支持。因此可以說(shuō),南蘇拉威西島仍然將農(nóng)業(yè)看做一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)部門,其在南蘇拉威西的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平中具有潛力。此外,從地理位置看，南蘇拉威西島的戰(zhàn)略條件使

53、該地區(qū)容易受到全球化的影響,因此也需要正確應(yīng)對(duì)這種的沖擊和影響?？紤]到這些因素，除了應(yīng)對(duì)區(qū)域自治和分散，南蘇拉威西島需要改善和調(diào)整產(chǎn)業(yè)政策,以便經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)在全球競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中獲得有利地位。</p><p>　　本研究旨在確定每個(gè)南蘇拉威西省區(qū)/直轄市的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)特點(diǎn),。第二,本研究也致力于識(shí)別作為領(lǐng)先經(jīng)濟(jì)的每個(gè)南蘇拉威西省區(qū)/直轄市的經(jīng)濟(jì)部門。第三,未來(lái)研究的目標(biāo)是使用克拉森類型學(xué)分析、區(qū)位商分析和克魯格曼區(qū)域指數(shù)確定區(qū)域?qū)?/p>

54、業(yè)化。</p><p>　　2理論框架:區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的概念</p><p>　　區(qū)域發(fā)展可以被認(rèn)為是任何國(guó)家發(fā)展中不可分割的一部分。艾斯德(2005)指出,區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展可以被看做是地方政府和社區(qū)管理該區(qū)域資源的過(guò)程。此外艾斯德(2005)建議在區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的過(guò)程中，地方政府和私營(yíng)部門應(yīng)確立戰(zhàn)略合作關(guān)系來(lái)創(chuàng)設(shè)新的就業(yè)崗位并刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的發(fā)展(經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平)。</p><p

55、>　　區(qū)域發(fā)展的主要問(wèn)題在于強(qiáng)調(diào)根據(jù)該地區(qū)特征，通過(guò)使用潛在的人力資源、制度和本地存在的物理資源確立發(fā)展政策。這種取向會(huì)導(dǎo)致在該地區(qū)的創(chuàng)建計(jì)劃過(guò)程中創(chuàng)造新的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì),刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。</p><p>　　拉蒂安特（2003)表明,區(qū)域發(fā)展是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個(gè)方面,它旨在促進(jìn)該區(qū)域的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)變化。經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化可能是一個(gè)從農(nóng)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向非農(nóng)業(yè)的活動(dòng)過(guò)程,從工業(yè)到服務(wù)業(yè),單位生產(chǎn)能力也會(huì)隨之變化,以及勞工狀況

56、也發(fā)生了很大的變化。因此,區(qū)域發(fā)展的概念能支持經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平理論,經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)模型和理論,經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平中心概念和專業(yè)化理論。</p><p>　　經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的改變或結(jié)構(gòu)改革的特點(diǎn)是調(diào)整經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展各行業(yè)貢獻(xiàn)的存在,應(yīng)當(dāng)歸功于人類活動(dòng)的強(qiáng)度和技術(shù)變革(庫(kù)茲涅茨,1985)。與此同時(shí), 在分析經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的變化時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)移分配分析是一種非常有用的技術(shù)。</p><p>　　與此同時(shí),經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)的核心模型解釋說(shuō), 一

57、個(gè)地區(qū)的發(fā)展方向是由該地區(qū)的出口情況決定的。根據(jù)這個(gè)模型,出口不僅會(huì)受商品和服務(wù)因素的影響,同時(shí)也會(huì)受到外國(guó)人在本區(qū)域內(nèi)不動(dòng)產(chǎn)的影響(逼得哈索羅,2001)。經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)理論將所有的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)分為兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域，即基礎(chǔ)行業(yè)和非基礎(chǔ)行業(yè)?；A(chǔ)部門即在該地區(qū)和該地區(qū)以外的地區(qū)服務(wù)于市場(chǎng)的部門。而非基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)部門,只能在各自的地區(qū)提供市場(chǎng)服務(wù)。</p><p>　　與發(fā)展概念的中心相比,人們普遍認(rèn)為，佩魯集中研究了某些領(lǐng)域產(chǎn)業(yè)活動(dòng)，

58、其能推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平,然后演變成經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平中心的概念。根據(jù)這一概念, 增長(zhǎng)中心包含四個(gè)主要特征。首先,組織經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)集中在一個(gè)特定的區(qū)域。第二,這些經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的集中度能夠提高動(dòng)態(tài)經(jīng)濟(jì)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平。第三, 各自增長(zhǎng)中心的經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中有很強(qiáng)的輸入和輸出關(guān)系。第四,經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)組織的一個(gè)隸屬行業(yè)會(huì)鼓勵(lì)行業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展 (理查森,2008)。</p><p>　　與努力加速區(qū)域發(fā)展一樣,地區(qū)之間的經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系也很重要,尤其是與專業(yè)化

59、的概念聯(lián)系在一起。商業(yè)化的存在與各部門/分部門一致，其允許在每個(gè)地區(qū)集中的部門活動(dòng)。薩繆爾森和諾德豪斯(1995)認(rèn)為，如果有分工，并將整個(gè)生產(chǎn)作業(yè)流程劃分為專業(yè)單位，公眾可以更有效和高效的工作。</p><p>　　經(jīng)濟(jì)專業(yè)化使得個(gè)人和國(guó)家之間貿(mào)易網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形成。這是任何發(fā)達(dá)先進(jìn)國(guó)家的標(biāo)志。經(jīng)濟(jì)聯(lián)系(或?qū)I(yè)化)的存在,驅(qū)使每個(gè)地區(qū)交流發(fā)展，并促使區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榻?jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平的過(guò)程。</p><

60、p><b>　　3 研究結(jié)果</b></p><p>　　我們所說(shuō)的克類型學(xué)分析方法，它主要是用于確定在南蘇拉威西省中，在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平和收入方面，每個(gè)區(qū)域的不同特點(diǎn)。根據(jù)克拉森類型學(xué)，我們觀察到，可以將這一地區(qū)可以分為四個(gè)主要類別，即高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平和高收入水平地區(qū)；高收入水平但低經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平地區(qū)；高經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平但低收入水平地區(qū)；低經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平和低收入水平地區(qū)(拉蒂安特，2003；科爾，

61、2003；薩弗瑞，2008)。</p><p>　　因此，為了完成我們的研究目標(biāo)，我們基于這四個(gè)分類法，對(duì)該地區(qū)做一個(gè)劃分。首先，高增長(zhǎng)和高收入的地區(qū)，是指那些經(jīng)濟(jì)水平和收入水平高于南蘇拉威西省的區(qū)域。第二，高收入水平但低經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)地區(qū)，是指那些,有更高的收入，但經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平率低于南蘇拉威西省的區(qū)域。第三，經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)但低收入水平地區(qū)則是指那些經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)水平高于南蘇拉威西省，但收入水平低于南蘇拉威西省的區(qū)域。第四，低