b.s結(jié)構(gòu)外文翻譯

1、<p>　　附件1：外文資料翻譯譯文</p><p><b>　　B/S結(jié)構(gòu)</b></p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構(gòu)即Browser/Server（瀏覽器/服務(wù)器）結(jié)構(gòu)，是伴隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)出現(xiàn)的一種對(duì)C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的改變或者說(shuō)是改進(jìn)。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，用戶界面通過(guò)WWW來(lái)達(dá)到在前端充分實(shí)現(xiàn)部分邏輯的目的，但最主要的邏輯在服務(wù)器中實(shí)現(xiàn)，從而形成一個(gè)所謂的三層結(jié)構(gòu)。B/

2、S結(jié)構(gòu)主要被用于成熟的WWW技術(shù)，與多種瀏覽器腳本語(yǔ)言（VBScript, JavaScript）以及ActiveX技術(shù)相結(jié)合。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)強(qiáng)大的功能和開(kāi)發(fā)成本的節(jié)約，用一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的網(wǎng)頁(yè)瀏覽器來(lái)與復(fù)雜的專(zhuān)用軟件相結(jié)合，是一種全新的軟件架構(gòu)技術(shù)。在今天的軟件應(yīng)用中，Windows98和Windows2000操作系統(tǒng)在瀏覽器技術(shù)上植入B/S結(jié)構(gòu)已成為優(yōu)先的架構(gòu)。很明顯，B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用相對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)的C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用程序會(huì)有巨大進(jìn)步。</p&g

3、t;<p>　　B/S結(jié)構(gòu)使用星形配置或使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)虛擬專(zhuān)網(wǎng)（VPN）來(lái)建立內(nèi)部的通訊系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。前者具有安全、快速和準(zhǔn)確的特性。后者則是投入的節(jié)約，與利益相關(guān)聯(lián)。以公司規(guī)模和地理位置分布為前提，利用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)接入，通過(guò)內(nèi)部防火墻至整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)和B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別:</p><p>　　客戶/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)是建立在局域網(wǎng)的基礎(chǔ)上的。瀏覽器/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)是建立在廣

4、域網(wǎng)基礎(chǔ)上的。</p><p>　　不同的計(jì)算機(jī)硬件環(huán)境:</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)一般建立在專(zhuān)用網(wǎng)絡(luò)上，在小范圍的網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境中，在經(jīng)由的局域網(wǎng)服務(wù)器之間提供連接和數(shù)據(jù)交換的專(zhuān)業(yè)化服務(wù)。</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構(gòu)建立在廣域網(wǎng)以上，不需要在電話網(wǎng)絡(luò)和租用設(shè)備中安裝專(zhuān)門(mén)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件環(huán)境。其信息自主化管理，C/S結(jié)構(gòu)比一般的操作系統(tǒng)和瀏覽器適用范圍更廣，只要能聯(lián)網(wǎng)

5、就行。</p><p><b>　　不同的安全性要求:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)固定的一般用戶團(tuán)體，其信息安全控制能力是強(qiáng)大的。高度機(jī)密的信息系統(tǒng)一般采用C/S結(jié)構(gòu)比較合適，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)發(fā)布，公開(kāi)了B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的信息。</p><p>　　建立在廣域網(wǎng)上的B/S結(jié)構(gòu)面臨未知的用戶群體，在安全控制能力上顯得薄弱一些。</p>

6、;<p><b>　　不同的程序框架:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)把更多的注意力放在過(guò)程上，對(duì)于多層次的訪問(wèn)權(quán)限的操作速度則會(huì)少做考慮。</p><p>　　基于對(duì)更大優(yōu)化基礎(chǔ)的需求，B/S結(jié)構(gòu)需考慮訪問(wèn)安全和速度的多重因素。B/S 結(jié)構(gòu)、C/S結(jié)構(gòu)比程序框架結(jié)構(gòu)更需要的是Ms.Net系列BizTalk 2000 Exchange 2000這

7、種全面支持網(wǎng)絡(luò)組件安裝系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。Sun和IBM公司推出JavaBean組件技術(shù)來(lái)使B/S結(jié)構(gòu)更加成熟。</p><p><b>　　不同的軟件信任:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的操作可能不可避免要整體考慮，組件中的可信任成分在可信賴(lài)的B/S中要求更好。</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的多種結(jié)構(gòu)，具有相對(duì)獨(dú)立的功能的組件，都是為

8、了更好的被信任。在桌子上也可以通過(guò)習(xí)慣被接受，而不是只在桌子上做石墻。</p><p><b>　　不同的系統(tǒng)維護(hù):</b></p><p>　　系統(tǒng)軟件維護(hù)就是生存周期，巨額開(kāi)支以及重要性使得C/S結(jié)構(gòu)由整體的重要性這個(gè)總體目標(biāo)來(lái)解決問(wèn)題和對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行升級(jí)，而升級(jí)是困難的，也可能是做一個(gè)新的系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　用代替獨(dú)立的部件和系統(tǒng)的B

9、/S結(jié)構(gòu)的組成元件來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)無(wú)縫升級(jí)，產(chǎn)生最小的系統(tǒng)維護(hù)成本，只要從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)下載安裝在用戶自己系統(tǒng)中就能得到升級(jí)。</p><p><b>　　不同的處理方式:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)處理用戶所面對(duì)的固定的、在同一區(qū)域的問(wèn)題，其安全需求的高要求以及相關(guān)的操作系統(tǒng)在方式上應(yīng)該是相同的。</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構(gòu)建立在廣域網(wǎng)上，其

10、用戶群體的不同，地理位置上的分散，這是C/S結(jié)構(gòu)所不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的，與操作系統(tǒng)平臺(tái)的關(guān)系最小。</p><p><b>　　不同的用戶界面:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件是已建立的Windows平臺(tái)軟件，其在功能方面有限的方法，反映了在瀏覽器中建立B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的更高要求、更豐富而生動(dòng)的表現(xiàn)與用戶的交流，是減少、降低開(kāi)發(fā)成本中最困難的。</p>&

11、lt;p><b>　　不同的信息流:</b></p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的程序一般是典型的集中機(jī)械加工，其范疇相對(duì)比較局限。</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的信息流可以改變B-B、B-C、B-G的信息，其流的轉(zhuǎn)換更像是交易中心。</p><p>　　基于B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件的好處:</p><p>　　B/S結(jié)構(gòu)只

12、是一種安裝服務(wù)器（Server）、用戶使用的瀏覽器（就像Internet Explorer, MYIE）操作軟件、瀏覽器/服務(wù)器結(jié)構(gòu)。和C/S結(jié)構(gòu)相比來(lái)看，盡管C/S結(jié)構(gòu)堪比早期的文件服務(wù)器，加上其巨大的發(fā)展，但是與B/S結(jié)構(gòu)相比，其缺點(diǎn)和不足之處是顯而易見(jiàn)的。</p><p>　　首先，B/S結(jié)構(gòu)比C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的維護(hù)工作量已經(jīng)大大減少了。比如C/S結(jié)構(gòu)中所有要求用戶安裝和配置的軟件。如果一個(gè)擁有50家企業(yè)的客戶端

13、使用了一個(gè)C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件，即使這個(gè)軟件有了一些很小的變化（比如增加了一個(gè)新的功能），該系統(tǒng)必須保護(hù)工作者這樣的維護(hù)；服務(wù)器將得到最新版本的更新；將用戶過(guò)期的軟件卸載，然后安裝上新的版本，接著繼續(xù)進(jìn)行建立，最可怕的是客戶外部維修工作必須進(jìn)行50次。如果一方是當(dāng)?shù)乜蛻舻牧硪粋€(gè)地方，系統(tǒng)維護(hù)人員也要再去那個(gè)地方進(jìn)行卸載、安裝等維護(hù)工作。如果在一個(gè)客戶端停止服務(wù)之后，忘記了這樣的維護(hù)，那么客戶將由于版本不一致的問(wèn)題而停止，導(dǎo)致不能工作。而B(niǎo)/

14、S結(jié)構(gòu)中，客戶只需安裝而不需維護(hù)。如果我們想把企業(yè)軟件加入到B/S結(jié)構(gòu)和C/S結(jié)構(gòu)中去，看看我們的軟件升級(jí)、系統(tǒng)維護(hù)人員如何保護(hù)：系統(tǒng)的維護(hù)只要在網(wǎng)上將服務(wù)器升級(jí)到最新版本，其他客戶端只需重新登錄系統(tǒng)即可，所使用的最新版本軟件便已經(jīng)存在。</p><p>　　其次，為了降低整體所有權(quán)C/S結(jié)構(gòu)和B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的相對(duì)成本，C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件通常使用雙層結(jié)構(gòu)。</p><p>　　雙層結(jié)構(gòu)中，客戶端

15、接受用戶請(qǐng)求向客戶服務(wù)端數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)發(fā)出要求，該數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)將會(huì)提交用戶數(shù)據(jù)，用戶數(shù)據(jù)將被計(jì)算處理（可能涉及計(jì)算機(jī)、集成、統(tǒng)計(jì)等等），結(jié)果將顯示給用戶。</p><p>　　在三層結(jié)構(gòu)中，客戶端接受用戶向客戶服務(wù)應(yīng)用端發(fā)出的申請(qǐng)請(qǐng)求服務(wù)來(lái)從數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)端中獲取數(shù)據(jù)，申請(qǐng)服務(wù)將被計(jì)算處理，結(jié)果會(huì)被提交給處理數(shù)據(jù)的客戶端，客戶端會(huì)給用戶一個(gè)結(jié)果。</p><p>　　這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)是不同的，在客戶端操作下的

16、雙層結(jié)構(gòu)以及末端的三層結(jié)構(gòu)都沒(méi)有參與客戶的處理，用戶簡(jiǎn)單的接收請(qǐng)求，表明了最后的結(jié)果。因?yàn)槿龑咏Y(jié)構(gòu)的客戶端不需要參與計(jì)算，客戶計(jì)算機(jī)配置的要求也相對(duì)較低。</p><p>　　此外，由于從客戶端申請(qǐng)服務(wù)只會(huì)傳輸最終結(jié)果，其數(shù)據(jù)量少，使用電話線就能滿足要求。C/S結(jié)構(gòu)使用雙層結(jié)構(gòu)，其使用電話線作為傳輸線路由于太慢可能會(huì)不能夠被接受。采用三層結(jié)構(gòu)的翡翠中國(guó)軟件配置可以提高服務(wù)器的配置，降低用戶需要的配置。這種增長(zhǎng)是一

17、種服務(wù)器（在同一臺(tái)電腦上的應(yīng)用服務(wù)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)）的價(jià)格，而較低分?jǐn)?shù)的臺(tái)灣正是客戶機(jī)的價(jià)格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在降低綜合成本的所有權(quán)上扮演了一個(gè)重要角色。</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件數(shù)據(jù)一致性比B/S結(jié)構(gòu)要求更多:</p><p>　　在C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件問(wèn)題解決方案中，為了讓大型企業(yè)集團(tuán)使用，被用于貫穿在整個(gè)區(qū)域服務(wù)器安裝中以及數(shù)據(jù)同步模型中。這些服務(wù)器必須在每天總部獲得最終數(shù)據(jù)后被同步。局域網(wǎng)

18、故障作為個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)不能及時(shí)同步的結(jié)果，服務(wù)器不是數(shù)據(jù)中的一個(gè)點(diǎn)，而這些數(shù)據(jù)是不一致的，這不是為了決策，對(duì)于B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)說(shuō)，其數(shù)據(jù)是存儲(chǔ)在每個(gè)商業(yè)文件的客戶端中，這些數(shù)據(jù)直接進(jìn)入中央數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，這樣就不存在數(shù)據(jù)一致性的問(wèn)題了。</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)和B/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)比較:</p><p>　　在集團(tuán)技術(shù)應(yīng)用程序中，C/S結(jié)構(gòu)在當(dāng)前商業(yè)下看不出任何的來(lái)龍去脈，它在數(shù)據(jù)之

19、后才被看見(jiàn)，而B(niǎo)/S結(jié)構(gòu)則不同，它可以立即看到所有的當(dāng)前操作以便快速?zèng)Q策，從而有效避免公司的損失。</p><p>　　C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的數(shù)據(jù)安全軟件比B/S結(jié)構(gòu)要求更多:</p><p>　　由于C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件數(shù)據(jù)分布特征，客戶出現(xiàn)諸如火災(zāi)、兇殺、地震、病毒、黑客入侵等已經(jīng)成為一種可怕的數(shù)據(jù)殺手。此外，團(tuán)隊(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)造成的軟件應(yīng)用的不同，C/S結(jié)構(gòu)軟件必須在多處安裝多個(gè)服務(wù)器，而且需要各個(gè)服務(wù)器之

20、間的大量數(shù)據(jù)同步。這樣，每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)，在整個(gè)應(yīng)用程序中，其數(shù)據(jù)安全又有潛在的數(shù)據(jù)安全。因此，在團(tuán)體層面的大規(guī)模的應(yīng)用中，C/S結(jié)構(gòu)的軟件安全是不能被接受的。B/S結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成的軟件部分由于其專(zhuān)注于在數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)器總部的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)，而不是保存任何商業(yè)客戶的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)連接的信息以及同步的數(shù)據(jù)，很自然的會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些安全問(wèn)題。</p><p><b>　　附件2：外文原文</b></p>&l

21、t;p>　　B/S structure</p><p>　　B/S structure that Browser/Server (browser/server) structure, with the emergence of Internet technology, a change or improvement to C/S structure. In this structure, user inte

22、rface through “WWW” fully realized part of the logic in the front end to achieve, but the main logic in the server to form a so called 3-tier structure. B/S structure, primarily used to mature “WWW” technology, the combi

23、nation of multiple browsers Script Language (VBScript, JavaScript) and ActiveX technology, using a standa</p><p>　　B/S structure using star shape configuration or build an internal communications network usi

24、ng Internet “Xunizhuanwang (VPN)”. The former is characterized by security, fast and accurate. The latter is a savings investment, cross advantages. Subject to firm size and geographic distribution determined. Internet a

25、ccess through an internal firewall, then the entire network. </p><p>　　C/S with B/S distinction :</p><p>　　Client/Server is built on the basis of the LAN. Browser/Server is built on the basis of

26、 the Wan. </p><p>　　Hardware environment different :</p><p>　　C/S generally built on dedicated network, the small scope of the network environment, between via LAN servers to provide connectivit

27、y and data exchange specialized services. </p><p>　　B/S built on the Wan above, need not be specialized network hardware environment cases with the telephone network, leased equipment. Information own manage

28、ment. C/S stronger than the scope of general operating systems and browsers as long as there is on line. </p><p>　　For different security requirements:</p><p>　　C/S relatively fixed user group o

29、riented general, the control of information security is strong. General highly confidential information systems used C/S structure appropriate, through the issuance of publicly B/S information. </p><p>　　B/S

30、 built on the Wan, based on the ability to control security weak in the face of the user group is unknown. </p><p>　　Procedural framework for the different:</p><p>　　C/S procedures can focus mor

31、e on processes; multi level access to the competence of the operating speed can be less consideration. </p><p>　　B/S visit to the security and speed of multiple considerations, based on the need for greater

32、optimization basis. B/S, C/S have higher requirements than the procedural framework is the development of the structural trend from Ms. Net series BizTalk 2000-Exchange-2000, comprehensive support network components erec

33、tion system. Sun and IBM pushed the Java Bean component technology to enable B/S more mature. </p><p>　　Different software trusted:</p><p>　　C/S procedures could inevitable holistic consideratio

34、ns, the trusted components of the components is in the trusted B/S request of the good. </p><p>　　B/S of multiple structures, components for relatively independent functions. To the relatively better trusted

35、. On the table can be used to buy, instead of doing the stone wall in the tables. </p><p>　　Maintaining different systems:</p><p>　　System software maintenance is the survival cycle, big spendin

36、g, important C/S procedures as a result of the overall importance of the overall mission to address the problems and the system upgrading. Upgrading is difficult, and maybe doing a new system. </p><p>　　B/S

37、components composition of the replacement of individual components and systems to achieve seamless escalation. Minimize system maintenance costs. Downloaded from the Internet installed on the users themselves can achieve

38、 promotion. </p><p>　　Different treatment:</p><p>　　C/S procedures to deal with users face fixed, and in the same region, the security requirements of high demand, and related operating systems.

39、 Is the same system should be. </p><p>　　B/S built on the wide area network, the different user groups, geographical dispersion, and this is C/S unable to do so. Relations with the operating system platform

40、smallest. </p><p>　　Different user interface:</p><p>　　C/S are established Windows platform, the performance of limited means, to reflect the general requirements established in the browser B/S

41、higher, a more rich and vivid manifestations and users exchange. And the most difficult to reduce, reduce development costs. </p><p>　　Different information flow:</p><p>　　C/S procedures general

42、ly typical centralized mechanical processing, the world of relatively low. </p><p>　　B/S information flow can change B-B, B-C, B-G information, and the flow changes, more like trading centres. </p>&l

43、t;p>　　B/S structure of the benefits software:</p><p>　　What B/S structure is only the installation of a server (Server), and customer used browser (Browse, such as Internet Explorer, MYIE) operating softw

44、are, browser/server architecture. Compared to C/S struct, despite C/S struct compared to the earlier document server, and great progress, but compared with B/S, shortcomings and deficiencies are obvious. </p><

45、p>　　First, B/S than C/S maintenance workload has been greatly reduced. C/S struct every customer must install and configure the software. A total of 50 enterprises if a client site using a C/S struct software, even wh

46、en the software has been very minor changes (for example, increased a function), the system must protect workers such maintenance; Servers will be updated to the latest version; Will be customer old software unloading, a

47、nd then install the new version, and then proceed to set up, is the</p><p>　　Secondly, to reduce overall ownership C/S, B/S relative cost C/S software typically used two-tier structure. </p><p>

48、　　Two-tier structure, customer accepted user request to the customer service database request, the database service will be submitted to the client data, customer data will be calculated (possibly involving computers, ag

49、gregation, statistics, etc.) and the results show to the user. </p><p>　　In the three-tier structure, customer accepted user request to the customer service application to request application services to obt

50、ain data from the database services, application services will be calculated and the results submitted to the data customer, a customer results to users. </p><p>　　These two structures is different, the two-

51、tier structure in customer operation, and the three-tier structure of the ends are not involved in processing customers, users simply receiving the request, indicating that the final results. Since the three-tier structu

52、re of the client side does not need to be involved in the calculation, the client computer configuration requirements are relatively low. </p><p>　　Furthermore, since the application services to clients only

53、 transmission of the final results, the data volume less, the use of telephone lines can trust. C/S used two-tier structure, the use of telephone lines as transmission lines may not be able to accept because too slow. Ad

54、opted a three-tier structure of the jade Chinese software configuration can be improved server configuration, reduce customer configuration. This increase is a servers (application services and database services on the s

55、a</p><p>　　C/S, software data consistency more B/S:</p><p>　　In C/S struct software solutions, for use by large business groups are used throughout the regional level server installation, and th

56、en data synchronization model. These servers must be synchronized every day after the headquarters to get final data. LAN malfunctions as a result of individual databases that can not be simultaneously not even keep up,

57、the server is not a point of data, the data never consistent, not for decision making. The structure of the software B/S speaking, the data is stor</p><p>　　C/S, B/S software data real time comparisons:</

58、p><p>　　In Group class applications, C/S struct not see any current business context, is seen after data; And B/S structure is different, it can immediately see all of the current operations and facilitate rapi

59、d decision making, effectively avoid corporate losses. </p><p>　　C/S, data security software more B/S:</p><p>　　As C/S struct software data distribution characteristics, customer occurring fires

60、, murders, earthquakes, viruses, hackers have become a terrible data killer. In addition, different software applications for the group level, C/S struct software must install multiple servers everywhere, and in a number