光伏系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯

1、<p>　　Photovoltaic System Design</p><p>　　1 Introduction</p><p>　　After PV workers unremitting efforts, solar cell production technology constantly improve, and increasingly widely used in

2、various fields. Posts and telecommunications in particular, the telecommunications industry in recent years because of the rapid development of communication power requirements have become more sophisticated, so stable a

3、nd reliable power Solar energy is widely used in communications. And how the various regions of solar radiation conditions, to the design of both economic an</p><p>　　In this paper, an integrated design meth

4、od of the previous advantages, combined with the author over the years actually engaged in the design of photovoltaic power systems experience, the introduction of two sets of the longest consecutive rainy days, the shor

5、test interval between the number of days as the basis for the design of one, and comprehensive consideration of the the impact of solar radiation conditions of the factors that made solar cells, the formula for calculati

6、ng battery capacity,</p><p>　　2 Many factors affect the design</p><p>　　Sun solar cells on the ground square on the radiation of light spectrum, light intensity by the thickness of the atmospher

7、e (ie air quality), geographic location, the location of the climate and weather, terrain and surface features such as the impact of its energy in one day, January and a year of great change, or even years between the to

8、tal annual amount of radiation There were also large differences.</p><p>　　Square solar photoelectric conversion efficiency, by the battery itself, temperature, sunlight intensity and battery voltage fluctua

9、tions, which is three in one day will change, so square photovoltaic solar cell conversion efficiency is also variable.</p><p>　　Battery is charging in the float state, with the square of its voltage output

10、and load power consumption changes. Batteries to provide energy is also affected by environmental temperature.</p><p>　　Solar energy battery charge and discharge controller made by the electronic components

11、manufacturer, it is also necessary energy, while the use of components of performance, quality, etc. is also related to the size of energy consumption, thus affecting the efficiency of charge.</p><p>　　Load

12、of electricity, but also as determined by uses, such as communications relay stations, unmanned weather stations and so on, have a fixed power equipment. Some equipment such as a lighthouse, beacon lights, civilian power

13、 consumption such as lighting and equipment power consumption are often changing.</p><p>　　Therefore, the solar power system design, the need to consider many factors and complex. Characteristics are: the da

14、ta used in most previous statistical data, the statistical data measurement and data selection are important.</p><p>　　Designers of the mission are: In the solar cell matrix under the conditions of the envir

15、onment (that is, the scene of the geographical location, solar radiation, climate, weather, terrain and surface features, etc.), the design of solar cell and battery power system matrix is We should pay attention to econ

16、omic efficiency, but also to ensure system reliability.</p><p>　　Location of a particular energy of solar radiation data to meteorological information provided the basis for the design of solar cells used ph

17、alanx. These meteorological data required to check the accumulation of several years or even decades on average.</p><p>　　Various regions on the Earth by sunlight and radiation changes in the cycle for the d

18、ay, 24h. In a square area of solar cells also have the power output 24h of the cyclical changes in its laws and sun radiation in the region, the changes of the same. However, changes in weather will affect the square of

19、the generating capacity. If you have a few days consecutive rain days, almost square on the power generation should not rely on batteries to power, and battery depth of discharge and then need to</p><p>　　Ph

20、alanx of the solar cell, the load should include all power system devices (except for use but also have a battery and electrical circuits, controllers, etc.) consumption. Matrix components of the output power and the num

21、ber of series-parallel, and series are required in order to obtain the operating voltage, in parallel are necessary in order to obtain the current work, an appropriate number of components through which the composition o

22、f series-parallel connection of solar cells required phala</p><p>　　3 Designed capacity of batteries</p><p>　　Solar cell power supply system is the battery energy storage devices. And solar cell

23、 batteries are usually square matching job at Floating state, with the square of its voltage output and load power consumption changes. Its load capacity than the power required is much greater. Batteries to provide ener

24、gy is also affected by environmental temperature. And solar cells in order to match the job requirements of long life battery and easy maintenance.</p><p>　　(1)Battery Selection</p><p>　　And be

25、able to support the use of solar cells, many different types of batteries, widely used at present have lead-acid maintenance-free batteries, ordinary lead-acid batteries and alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries of three. Do

26、mestic use are mainly maintenance-free lead-acid batteries, because of its inherent "free" maintenance of properties and less polluting to the environment characteristics, it is suitable for the performance of

27、reliable power systems solar power, especially in unattended wo</p><p>　　(2)Calculation of battery capacity</p><p>　　Battery capacity to ensure continuous power supply is very important. At one

28、year, the month of matrix generation has very different. Phalanx at the generating capacity can not meet the electricity needs of the month, to rely on battery power give supplement; electricity required in more than mon

29、th, are relying on batteries to store excess energy.</p><p>　　Phalanx so inadequate generating capacity and surplus value, is to determine the basis for one of the battery capacity. Similarly, the continuous

30、 overcast and rainy days during the load of electricity must also be obtained from the battery. Therefore, the power consumption during this period to determine the battery capacity is also one of the factors.</p>

31、<p><b>　　光伏系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)</b></p><p><b>　　1引言 </b></p><p>　　經(jīng)過光伏工作者們堅(jiān)持不懈的努力，太陽(yáng)能電池的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)不斷得到提高，并且日益廣泛地應(yīng)用于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。特別是郵電通信方面，由于近年來通信行業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展，對(duì)通信電源的要求也越來越高，所以穩(wěn)定可靠的太陽(yáng)能電源被廣泛使用于通信領(lǐng)域。而如何根

32、據(jù)各地區(qū)太陽(yáng)能輻射條件，來設(shè)計(jì)出既經(jīng)濟(jì)而又可靠的光伏電源系統(tǒng)，這是眾多專家學(xué)者研究已久的課題，而且已有許多卓越的研究成果，為我國(guó)光伏事業(yè)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。筆者在學(xué)習(xí)各專家的設(shè)計(jì)方法時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些設(shè)計(jì)僅考慮了蓄電池的自維持時(shí)間（即最長(zhǎng)連續(xù)陰雨天），而沒有考慮到虧電后的蓄電池最短恢復(fù)時(shí)間（即兩組最長(zhǎng)連續(xù)陰雨天之間的最短間隔天數(shù)）。這個(gè)問題尤其在我國(guó)南方地區(qū)應(yīng)引起高度重視，因?yàn)槲覈?guó)南方地區(qū)陰雨天既長(zhǎng)又多，而對(duì)于方便適用的獨(dú)立光伏電源系統(tǒng)，

33、由于沒有應(yīng)急的其他電源保護(hù)備用，所以應(yīng)該將此問題納入設(shè)計(jì)中一起考慮。 </p><p>　　本文綜合以往各設(shè)計(jì)方法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，結(jié)合筆者多年來實(shí)際從事光伏電源系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)工作的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，引入兩組最長(zhǎng)連續(xù)陰雨天之間的最短間隔天數(shù)作為設(shè)計(jì)的依據(jù)之一，并綜合考慮了各種影響太陽(yáng)能輻射條件的因素，提出了太陽(yáng)能電池、蓄電池容量的計(jì)算公式，及相關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)方法。 </p><p>　　2 影響設(shè)計(jì)的諸多因素 </p&

34、gt;<p>　　太陽(yáng)照在地面太陽(yáng)能電池方陣上的輻射光的光譜、光強(qiáng)受到大氣層厚度（即大氣質(zhì)量）、地理位置、所在地的氣候和氣象、地形地物等的影響，其能量在一日、一月和一年內(nèi)都有很大的變化，甚至各年之間的每年總輻射量也有較大的差別。 </p><p>　　太陽(yáng)能電池方陣的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率，受到電池本身的溫度、太陽(yáng)光強(qiáng)和蓄電池電壓浮動(dòng)的影響，而這三者在一天內(nèi)都會(huì)發(fā)生變化，所以太陽(yáng)能電池方陣的光電轉(zhuǎn)換效率也是變

35、量。 </p><p>　　蓄電池組也是工作在浮充電狀態(tài)下的，其電壓隨方陣發(fā)電量和負(fù)載用電量的變化而變化。蓄電池提供的能量還受環(huán)境溫度的影響。 </p><p>　　太陽(yáng)能電池充放電控制器由電子元器件制造而成，它本身也需要耗能，而使用的元器件的性能、質(zhì)量等也關(guān)系到耗能的大小，從而影響到充電的效率等。 </p><p>　　負(fù)載的用電情況，也視用途而定，如通信中繼站、

36、無(wú)人氣象站等，有固定的設(shè)備耗電量。而有些設(shè)備如燈塔、航標(biāo)燈、民用照明及生活用電等設(shè)備，用電量是經(jīng)常有變化的。 </p><p>　　因此，太陽(yáng)能電源系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)，需要考慮的因素多而復(fù)雜。特點(diǎn)是：所用的數(shù)據(jù)大多為以前統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)，各統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的測(cè)量以及數(shù)據(jù)的選擇是重要的。 </p><p>　　設(shè)計(jì)者的任務(wù)是：在太陽(yáng)能電池方陣所處的環(huán)境條件下（即現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的地理位置、太陽(yáng)輻射能、氣候、氣象、地形和地物等

37、），設(shè)計(jì)的太陽(yáng)能電池方陣及蓄電池電源系統(tǒng)既要講究經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，又要保證系統(tǒng)的高可靠性。 </p><p>　　某特定地點(diǎn)的太陽(yáng)輻射能量數(shù)據(jù)，以氣象臺(tái)提供的資料為依據(jù)，供設(shè)計(jì)太陽(yáng)能電池方陣用。這些氣象數(shù)據(jù)需取積累幾年甚至幾十年的平均值。 </p><p>　　地球上各地區(qū)受太陽(yáng)光照射及輻射能變化的周期為一天24h。處在某一地區(qū)的太陽(yáng)能電池方陣的發(fā)電量也有24h的周期性的變化，其規(guī)律與太陽(yáng)照在該地

38、區(qū)輻射的變化規(guī)律相同。但是天氣的變化將影響方陣的發(fā)電量。如果有幾天連續(xù)陰雨天，方陣就幾乎不能發(fā)電，只能靠蓄電池來供電，而蓄電池深度放電后又需盡快地將其補(bǔ)充好。設(shè)計(jì)者多數(shù)以氣象臺(tái)提供的太陽(yáng)每天總的輻射能量或每年的日照時(shí)數(shù)的平均值作為設(shè)計(jì)的主要數(shù)據(jù)。由于一個(gè)地區(qū)各年的數(shù)據(jù)不相同，為可靠起見應(yīng)取近十年內(nèi)的最小數(shù)據(jù)。根據(jù)負(fù)載的耗電情況，在日照和無(wú)日照時(shí)，均需用蓄電池供電。氣象臺(tái)提供的太陽(yáng)能總輻射量或總?cè)照諘r(shí)數(shù)對(duì)決定蓄電池的容量大小是不可缺少的數(shù)

39、據(jù)。 </p><p>　　對(duì)太陽(yáng)能電池方陣而言，負(fù)載應(yīng)包括系統(tǒng)中所有耗電裝置（除用電器外還有蓄電池及線路、控制器等）的耗量。 </p><p>　　方陣的輸出功率與組件串并聯(lián)的數(shù)量有關(guān)，串聯(lián)是為了獲得所需要的工作電壓，并聯(lián)是為了獲得所需要的工作電流，適當(dāng)數(shù)量的組件經(jīng)過串并聯(lián)即組成所需要的太陽(yáng)能電池方陣。 </p><p>　　3蓄電池組容量設(shè)計(jì) </p>

40、;<p>　　太陽(yáng)能電池電源系統(tǒng)的儲(chǔ)能裝置主要是蓄電池。與太陽(yáng)能電池方陣配套的蓄電池通常工作在浮充狀態(tài)下，其電壓隨方陣發(fā)電量和負(fù)載用電量的變化而變化。它的容量比負(fù)載所需的電量大得多。蓄電池提供的能量還受環(huán)境溫度的影響。為了與太陽(yáng)能電池匹配，要求蓄電池工作壽命長(zhǎng)且維護(hù)簡(jiǎn)單。 </p><p>　?。?）蓄電池的選用 </p><p>　　能夠和太陽(yáng)能電池配套使用的蓄電池種類很多

41、，目前廣泛采用的有鉛酸免維護(hù)蓄電池、普通鉛酸蓄電池和堿性鎳鎘蓄電池三種。國(guó)內(nèi)目前主要使用鉛酸免維護(hù)蓄電池，因?yàn)槠涔逃械摹懊狻本S護(hù)特性及對(duì)環(huán)境較少污染的特點(diǎn)，很適合用于性能可靠的太陽(yáng)能電源系統(tǒng)，特別是無(wú)人值守的工作站。普通鉛酸蓄電池由于需要經(jīng)常維護(hù)及其環(huán)境污染較大，所以主要適于有維護(hù)能力或低檔場(chǎng)合使用。堿性鎳鎘蓄電池雖然有較好的低溫、過充、過放性能，但由于其價(jià)格較高，僅適用于較為特殊的場(chǎng)合。 </p><p>　　

42、（2）蓄電池組容量的計(jì)算 </p><p>　　蓄電池的容量對(duì)保證連續(xù)供電是很重要的。在一年內(nèi)，方陣發(fā)電量各月份有很大差別。方陣的發(fā)電量在不能滿足用電需要的月份，要靠蓄電池的電能給以補(bǔ)足；在超過用電需要的月份，是靠蓄電池將多余的電能儲(chǔ)存起來。所以方陣發(fā)電量的不足和過剩值，是確定蓄電池容量的依據(jù)之一。同樣，連續(xù)陰雨天期間的負(fù)載用電也必須從蓄電池取得。所以，這期間的耗電量也是確定蓄電池容量的因素之一。 </p&