中小企業(yè)融資難外文翻譯

1、<p><b>　　附錄</b></p><p>　　Financing small and medium-sized problem is not unique to China. In the United States, the existence of such an economic phenomenon of the same, the difference is th

2、at the U.S. government measures to support a market-oriented SMEs. China's very rapid development of SMEs, currently has more than 430 million small and medium enterprises, SMEs can be seen in economic activity

3、in China to occupy more and more of the components already. In order to help the development of SMEs in China, the cent</p><p>　　Similarly the United States there are difficulties in SME lending </p>

4、<p>　　Although the U.S. companies the proportion of bank financing through external financing accounted for about 61.8 percent, but small and medium-sized view, because of the existence of relatively high credit ris

5、k, leading financial institutions, commercial loans to small and medium-sized lack of impact on the financing of small and medium enterprises. U.S. commercial well-developed financial system, but the prevalence of s

6、mall and medium-sized small scale, lack of credit, the reasons for poor</p><p>　　Typically, the United States the amount of long-term financing of SMEs and 25% ~ 85% from the accumulation of the enterprise.

7、90 In the mid-20th century, the total internal sources of funds financing the proportion rose to 61.5 percent from 82.8 percent, which shows that the United States to obtain commercial financing of small and medium-sized

8、 proportion was not high. The difference is that the U.S. government has never been to the commercial financial institutions to "issue" administrative in</p><p>　　Contrast, the financing structure

9、 of SMEs in the United States</p><p>　　U.S. small and medium-sized and large enterprises through equity financing and debt financing to fund access to business development. Equity financing for SMEs in the U

10、nited States accounted for 49.63% of total assets, debt financing for SMEs accounted for 50.37% of total assets. Financing structure of the United States through the analysis and comparison, we get the following revelati

11、on: In improving the financial industry specialization to develop at the same time small and medium-sized f</p><p>　　China started the development of SMEs with foreign capital compared to less than sign

12、ificant in the development of the industry are often subject to restrictions on the adjustment. In fact, China's small and medium enterprises in the Credit Ratings in the lower grades, it is difficult to obtain the t

13、rust of financial institutions, which directly affect their lending. China's small and medium-sized to the development process in the future to address the financing difficulties, the most important </p><p

14、>　　The United States is encouraging the development of supporting measures for SMEs</p><p>　　As a result of the national economy of a country SMEs are the most active ingredient, which the governments of

15、the world on the development and financing of small and medium enterprises attach great importance to the issue, the United States is no exception. In order to encourage the development of SMEs, the U.S. government to ta

16、ke a lot of ways to be used for reference. Establish and improve laws and regulations to support SME financing. The U.S. federal government to support the development o</p><p>　　The establishment of special

17、 funds. Special fund is the U.S. government to make small and medium enterprises in the national economy and social development and give full play to the role of certain aspects of the financial assistance given. In the

18、U.S. There are two major categories: the Government's financial results for the special science and technology research and development funds, product procurement funds, small and medium-sized start-up fund, employme

19、nt fund, such as the unemployed popu</p><p>　　The U.S. government's policy towards SMEs only a small number of loans, the Government mainly through the federal Small Business Administration to develop ma

20、cro-control policies to guide the private capital investment to small and medium enterprises. In the United States nearly 45 years of history, Small Business Investment Company (under the federal Small Business Administr

21、ation) through the investment projects 140,000 to about 90,000 small businesses provided 40 billion U.S. dollars of funds, </p><p>　　U.S. small and medium enterprises financing structure</p><p>

22、　　Equity financing: </p><p>　　The main owner of the assets of the owner's equity accounted share of 2 / 3, representing approximately 31.33% of total assets. Assets are the rights and interests &quo

23、t;other options", accounting for about 12.86 percent of total assets. This part of the shares of the owner is mainly relatives and friends. They neither have the majority of shares, nor is it a major business decisi

24、on-makers. There is also a known as the "angel funding" equity, total assets of the enterprises accounted for about </p><p>　　Debt Financing: </p><p>　　From financial institutions: &l

25、t;/p><p>　　Bank credit accounted for 8.75% of total assets </p><p>　　Financial companies accounted for 4.91% of total assets</p><p>　　Other financial institutions (including non-financ

26、ial institutions) accounted for 3% of total assets From non-financial institutions and government funding: 15.78% for commercial credit 1.74% for other enterprises 0.49% Government Participation by the private inves

27、tment funds, accounting</p><p><b>　　for 5.71%</b></p><p>　　United States Government to provide loans to small and medium-sized security model Loan guarantees for small and mediu

28、m-sized federal Small Business Administration is an important task, and its security as follows: to the Federal Small Business Administration's reputation as a small business loan guarantees to commercial banks, unde

29、r normal circumstances, the Federal Small Business Administration loans the total amount of 75% ~ 80% of the guarantee, the rest of the commercial banks. Federal</p><p>　　中小企業(yè)融資難的問(wèn)題不是中國(guó)所特有。在美國(guó)，這種經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象同樣存在，所不同

30、的是，美國(guó)政府有一套市場(chǎng)化措施支持中小企業(yè)融資。 我國(guó)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展十分迅猛，目前全國(guó)中小企業(yè)已達(dá)430多萬(wàn)家，可見(jiàn)中小企業(yè)在中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中占據(jù)的成分已經(jīng)越來(lái)越大。為了幫助我國(guó)中小企業(yè)發(fā)展，中央政府近年頒布了不少政策。但是，在融資方面，國(guó)內(nèi)的大多數(shù)中小企業(yè)仍然處處“碰釘子”。許多中小企業(yè)因?yàn)橘Y金短缺，發(fā)展已經(jīng)受到了限制。也許，美國(guó)政府鼓勵(lì)中小企業(yè)融資的方式方法值得借鑒。 （1）美國(guó)中小企業(yè)貸款同樣存在困難 雖然美國(guó)企

31、業(yè)通過(guò)銀行融資的比重約占外部融資61.8%，但從中小企業(yè)來(lái)看，由于存在著相對(duì)較高的貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，導(dǎo)致商業(yè)性金融機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)中小企業(yè)貸款不足，影響中小企業(yè)的融資。 美國(guó)商業(yè)性金融體系相當(dāng)發(fā)達(dá)，但因中小企業(yè)普遍存在規(guī)模小、信用不足、經(jīng)營(yíng)環(huán)境差等原因，中小企業(yè)并不是商業(yè)性金融機(jī)構(gòu)所青睞的放款對(duì)象。只有那些發(fā)展穩(wěn)定、產(chǎn)品具有市場(chǎng)、信用條件良好的中小企業(yè)才能取得商業(yè)銀行的貸款。這一點(diǎn)和我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行對(duì)待中小企業(yè)貸款的態(tài)度幾乎沒(méi)有什么區(qū)別。 通

32、常，美國(guó)中小企業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期融資額中有25%～85%來(lái)</p><p>　　設(shè)立財(cái)政專項(xiàng)基金。財(cái)政專項(xiàng)基金是美國(guó)政府為使中小企業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)及社會(huì)發(fā)展的某些方面充分發(fā)揮作用而給予的財(cái)政援助。在美國(guó)主要有兩大類：政府財(cái)政針對(duì)專項(xiàng)科技成果的研究與開(kāi)發(fā)基金、產(chǎn)品采購(gòu)基金、中小企業(yè)的創(chuàng)業(yè)基金、失業(yè)人口就業(yè)基金等可以鼓勵(lì)中小企業(yè)產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新和吸納就業(yè);風(fēng)險(xiǎn)補(bǔ)償基金、財(cái)政專項(xiàng)基金(不同于財(cái)政直接補(bǔ)貼，它有嚴(yán)格的管理要求，需要在基金設(shè)立之

33、前就必須明確資金的數(shù)量、用途、對(duì)象、支付方式和補(bǔ)貼方式)、特殊行業(yè)的再保險(xiǎn)基金等可以幫助中小企業(yè)降低市場(chǎng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 建立專門(mén)機(jī)構(gòu)，為中小企業(yè)的融資提供擔(dān)保及援助。美國(guó)對(duì)中小企業(yè)進(jìn)行管理的部門(mén)是聯(lián)邦小企業(yè)管理局(SBA)，在各州設(shè)有派出機(jī)構(gòu)，作用是為小企業(yè)爭(zhēng)取平等的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)條件，服務(wù)于小企業(yè)這一經(jīng)濟(jì)群體。 美國(guó)政府對(duì)中小型企業(yè)的政策性貸款數(shù)量很少，政府主要通過(guò)聯(lián)邦小企業(yè)管理局制定宏觀調(diào)控政策，引導(dǎo)民間資本向中小企業(yè)投資。在美國(guó)近4