有關(guān)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制外文資料翻譯

1、<p><b>　　中文翻譯：</b></p><p>　　現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制系統(tǒng)是在自動(dòng)檢測(cè)控制技術(shù)和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)飛速發(fā)展的推動(dòng)下形成的，它是現(xiàn)代計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)和通信技術(shù)和檢測(cè)控制技術(shù)的集成，人們稱之為3C（computer communication control）技術(shù)。</p><p>　　本文首先分析了當(dāng)前流行的FCS網(wǎng)絡(luò)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、技術(shù)特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)，介紹了

2、幾種較為流行的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線，構(gòu)建了企業(yè)生產(chǎn)的。 FCS網(wǎng)絡(luò)模型，并提出了在控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)和信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)之間加入轉(zhuǎn)換接口、采用DDE技術(shù)和使用統(tǒng)一的協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三種集成方式。</p><p>　　隨著信息技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展，工業(yè)過(guò)程控制領(lǐng)域正孕育著深刻的變革?？刂埔蟮牟粩嗵岣?，控制程度的愈加復(fù)雜使長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)在生產(chǎn)中運(yùn)用的單一的經(jīng)典控制理論和技術(shù)已經(jīng)不能滿足系統(tǒng)的需求，現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)過(guò)程控制系統(tǒng)迫切地需要高級(jí)理論的支撐。與理論發(fā)展相對(duì)滯后形成

3、對(duì)比的是，自動(dòng)化技術(shù)工具的蓬勃發(fā)展，在經(jīng)歷氣動(dòng)儀表控制、集中式數(shù)字控制系統(tǒng)到集散式控制系統(tǒng)后形成了新一代的網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成式全分布的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制系統(tǒng)。</p><p>　　作為自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域的熱點(diǎn)之一，現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線己成為自動(dòng)化系統(tǒng)與分散的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備間信息交換的主要技術(shù)。PROFIBUS是國(guó)際上應(yīng)用十分廣泛的工業(yè)過(guò)程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線，主要應(yīng)用于加工自動(dòng)化、過(guò)程自動(dòng)化、樓宇自動(dòng)化等領(lǐng)域。</p><p>　　現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技

4、術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展，其在計(jì)算機(jī)集散控制領(lǐng)域的優(yōu)勢(shì)已越來(lái)越明顯?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線具有以下特點(diǎn):①快速性、實(shí)時(shí)性;②開(kāi)放性、互可操作性與互用性;③現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備的智能化具有功能獨(dú)立性;④系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的高度分散性;⑤較強(qiáng)的抗干擾性?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線的最大特點(diǎn)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和公開(kāi)性，目前國(guó)際上流行的幾種現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線均是以O(shè)SI模型為依據(jù)建立的，包括物理層、數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層和應(yīng)用層等?，F(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線中最具影響力的有5種，分別是FF, Profitbus, HART, CAN和LonWorks 。&l

5、t;/p><p>　　西門(mén)子推出的Profibus總線以IS07498標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為基礎(chǔ)，以開(kāi)放式系統(tǒng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng)絡(luò)(OSI，Open system interconnection)作為參考模型，定義了物理傳輸特性，總線存取協(xié)議和應(yīng)用功能。該總線通過(guò)相應(yīng)的通訊模塊，與系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的遠(yuǎn)程控制設(shè)備以及其他廠商的單機(jī)控制設(shè)備相連，采用控制字的方式進(jìn)行通訊和控制，可節(jié)約大量控制電纜，并且通過(guò)良好的接地處理和保護(hù)，具有極高的抗干擾能力。</

6、p><p>　　隨著社會(huì)生產(chǎn)規(guī)模的擴(kuò)大、生產(chǎn)水平的提高，電氣控制技術(shù)和液壓技術(shù)都在非常迅速的發(fā)展。電氣控制從繼電器控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)展到直接數(shù)字控制 ( DDC)系統(tǒng)、集散控制系統(tǒng)(DCS)到目前的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制系統(tǒng)(FCS )?，F(xiàn)代的液壓傳動(dòng)及控制技術(shù)已發(fā)展成一門(mén)集傳動(dòng)、控制、檢測(cè)、計(jì)算機(jī)一體化的完整的自動(dòng)化技術(shù)，并逐步趨向數(shù)字控制和全自動(dòng)化。</p><p>　　文章從結(jié)合所研究的水電站的實(shí)際需要

7、出發(fā)，將先進(jìn)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)、以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)的液壓技術(shù)相結(jié)合，并應(yīng)用到水電站閘門(mén)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中。論文根據(jù)所研究水電站閘門(mén)控制的具體技術(shù)要求，設(shè)計(jì)了適合該水電站的液壓?jiǎn)㈤]機(jī)系統(tǒng)。文章對(duì)閘門(mén)啟閉機(jī)及其控制系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r和傳統(tǒng)液壓?jiǎn)㈤]機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的局限性進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，并結(jié)合當(dāng)前控制技術(shù)，特別是Profibus現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)，針對(duì)所研究的水電站的實(shí)際情況提出了“基于Profibus現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線控制和以太網(wǎng)技術(shù)的閘門(mén)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)”的技術(shù)

8、方案。并根據(jù)該方案完成了下位機(jī)(PLC控制程序)的編制和上位機(jī)(監(jiān)控軟件和人機(jī)界面的組態(tài))的組態(tài)。最后通過(guò)組建上位機(jī)與PLC的通信以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)和遠(yuǎn)程I/0模塊與PLC之間的總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了整個(gè)閘門(mén)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的網(wǎng)絡(luò)化。通過(guò)該監(jiān)控網(wǎng)絡(luò)，可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)該水電站分居于八個(gè)不同壩段的閘門(mén)的運(yùn)行及運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的控制與監(jiān)視，從而使得該監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)在滿足水電站實(shí)際生產(chǎn)的各項(xiàng)要求，同時(shí)還保證了該系統(tǒng)具有相當(dāng)?shù)南冗M(jìn)性。</p><p>　　底層控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)

9、不再是孤立的控制系統(tǒng),通過(guò)工業(yè)以太網(wǎng)和現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線技術(shù)實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成,將基礎(chǔ)自動(dòng)化控制、過(guò)程控制和管理與企業(yè)資源計(jì)劃層ERP(Enterprise Resource Planning)連接在一起; 提高現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)采集能力,增強(qiáng)使用靈活性,有效解決了以往控制系統(tǒng)提供的信息不全,自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)與企業(yè)管理系統(tǒng)之間的無(wú)縫集成問(wèn)題,還為實(shí)現(xiàn)ERP管理和管控一體化提供了良好的必要條件。</p><p>　　在電氣控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中

10、，采用了上位機(jī)加下位機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)模式，組建了遠(yuǎn)程集中控制與現(xiàn)地控制相結(jié)合的控制網(wǎng)絡(luò)。上位機(jī)選用功能強(qiáng)大的工控組態(tài)軟件一一組態(tài)王和操作方便靈活的觸摸屏。下位機(jī)則采用可靠性高的可編程控制器和先進(jìn)的Profibus現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線完成對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)備的控制。</p><p>　　可編程控制器(PLC)是以繼電器邏輯控制系統(tǒng)為基礎(chǔ)，逐步發(fā)展為以處理器為中心，同時(shí)具有各類運(yùn)算、控制、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等功能的控制系統(tǒng)，憑借良好的穩(wěn)定性和強(qiáng)大的功能，使得在

11、制造工業(yè)、電力、運(yùn)輸?shù)阮I(lǐng)域有著廣泛的應(yīng)用。</p><p>　　PLC程序在主程序循環(huán)中采用循環(huán)掃描，從而對(duì)輸入變量進(jìn)行周期性的檢查。程序循環(huán)通過(guò)掃描系統(tǒng)的輸入開(kāi)始，并將它們的狀態(tài)儲(chǔ)存在固定的存儲(chǔ)器位置（輸入圖像存儲(chǔ)器）。然后一格格地執(zhí)行梯形圖程序。對(duì)程序的掃描和求解不同階梯格的邏輯決定了輸出狀態(tài)。然后，保持在存儲(chǔ)器中的輸出值被用于在程序掃描終止時(shí)同時(shí)設(shè)定和復(fù)位PLC的物理輸出。如我們知道的那樣，邏輯控制是PLC

12、一個(gè)值得注意的性能，它可被用于有效地處理模擬數(shù)據(jù)。</p><p>　　1）模擬數(shù)據(jù)的采集和轉(zhuǎn)換</p><p>　　模擬輸入和輸出，例如需要在線測(cè)量的壓力和溫度。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，溫度首先由鉑電阻采集。然后信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)換模塊將實(shí)測(cè)電阻值轉(zhuǎn)換成1－5V的電壓范圍。這一轉(zhuǎn)換模塊的輸出，最后被收集和傳輸回上述的PLC。</p><p>　　2）PLC的控制算法</p>

13、<p>　　模擬變量可以是任何受控的變量，例如在我們的卷繞系統(tǒng)中為溫度或壓力。事實(shí)上，存在兩種控制模式，自動(dòng)的和手動(dòng)的。在手動(dòng)模式中，操作人員根據(jù)希望的水平修改輸出值；而在自動(dòng)模式中，輸出值由預(yù)先設(shè)計(jì)的算法加以調(diào)節(jié)。值得指出，PLC的輸出總是為增量值。雖然這里可采用自動(dòng)調(diào)諧PID（比例積分微分）控制器，但在生產(chǎn)的開(kāi)始階段總是用手動(dòng)調(diào)諧來(lái)進(jìn)行日常的初始化，在那以后，系統(tǒng)即切換到自動(dòng)模式。我們強(qiáng)調(diào)指出，用戶適應(yīng)模糊邏輯控制器的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

14、在這里也被利用來(lái)進(jìn)一步改善生產(chǎn)的績(jī)效。我們推薦一種在PLC上采模糊邏輯控制器的薄膜張力控制系統(tǒng)，來(lái)應(yīng)付卷繞系統(tǒng)的不確定性。模糊邏輯算法由基本的PLC指令來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。</p><p>　　要用固定的模型和參數(shù)來(lái)處理系統(tǒng)，常規(guī)的PID就夠了，但是固定是相對(duì)的，事實(shí)上，卷繞系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)在一定的范圍內(nèi)是可變的，因此，控制器必須有一個(gè)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)，用于基于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)總線魯棒性的PLC控制的制造系統(tǒng)，以獲得高的性能。為此目的，我們用模糊推理

15、來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)PID的因子，通過(guò)這樣的方法，PID的因子可以根據(jù)系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)和設(shè)備參數(shù)的變化加以調(diào)節(jié)。</p><p><b>　　英文：</b></p><p>　　The Fieldbus Control System (FCS) comes into being with the fast of auto-control, auto-detection and comput

16、er network technology. And it is the integration of the modern computer technology, the communication technology and the detection control technology, which is called the 3C（computer communication control）development. &l

17、t;/p><p>　　Firstly, this paper makes a detailed study on the prevalent Field Control Systems (FCS), including the characteristics of structure & technology and advantage, introduces several popular Field Bu

18、ses, designs the model of field control system, and puts forward three effective methods to integrate between the MCN & information network under different situations. </p><p>　　With the rapid developmen

19、t of information technology, a deep change has taken placed in the industry process control field. The simple control theory used in this field for years can't meet the new requirement of the system any more due to t

20、he higher control target, and a more advanced theory need to be found to support the system with higher complexity In contrast with the slow progress of the control theory, the automatic control tool experienced the evol

21、ution of pneumatic meter control, centr</p><p>　　Nowadays, the technology of Fieldbus has become the hotspot in the research field of automation and become the main method of communication and exchange of in

22、formation in the DCS systems. And the Profibus is a kind of Fieldbus broadly used in many situations of process control of industry such as automation of processing, automation of machining and automation of building.

23、</p><p>　　With the development of the fieldbus technology, its advantage has became more and more notable in the field of computer's centralized and separated control. The fieldbus features:</p>&

24、lt;p>　　1. Fast and real-time</p><p>　　2. Open, manipulate and alternate usable</p><p>　　3. The functional independency of the locale equipment's intelligence.</p><p>　　4. The

25、 highly decentralization of system structure</p><p>　　5. The strong anti-jamming</p><p>　　At present, the most popular fieldbus in the world is based on OST model, Including physical layer, data

26、 link layer, application layer and etc. The FF, Profitbus, HART, CAN and LonWork are the most effective ones on this field.</p><p>　　Profitbus, proposed by SIEMENS, is based on IS07498, which refers to OSI (

27、open system interconnection) model and defines the specialty of physical transmission, protocol of bus wire's storage and extraction, as well as application function. This bus wire connect the long-distance equipment

28、s in system and control equipment of other manufacturer. Especially, the adoption of control word used in communication and control reduced the quantity of control cable, also. The good treatments of grand and </p>

29、<p>　　With the scale of social production extends and the production horizontal exalts, the electricity control technique and the Hydraulic technique all develop very quickly. Electricity control technique develop

30、ed from the relay system to the direct digit control ( DDC) system、the disperse control system( DCS) to the fieldbus control system (FCS).The modern Hydraulic control technique have developed to a complete automation whi

31、ch include of transmit, control、testing computer technique, and gradually</p><p>　　According to the actuality of the studied water power station, the thesis combine the advanced fieldbus technique, Ethernet

32、and the traditional hydraulic technique together ,and use them to design the supervise controlling system of the water power station. Base on the gate-controlling request of the water power station，designed the gate'

33、s hydraulic hoist system. The thesis analyzed the development of the gate's hoist and its control system ,and the localization of the gate's operating machine's</p><p>　　Bottom layer of control n

34、et is not any longer an unaided anode. It joins automation control system, processing controlling-management system with enterprise resource planning system to apply technology of Industrial Ethernet and fieldbus, as a r

35、esult, the data acquisition capacity and flexibility improved, the problem on control system information shortage and integration of auto-control system and enterprise management system solved, the qualification to reali

36、ze integration of ERP and managemen</p><p>　　During the designing of the electricity control system, the thesis used the mode that made up of monitor system and control system, formatted a network that is

37、combined by far concentrates control system and nearly control system .The monitor system chooses the functional monitoring software一the king monitor and the man-machine interface ,which operated conveniently .An

38、d the control system chooses dependably programmable logic controller and advance Profibus fieldbus to completely cont</p><p>　　Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) is based of relay logic control system; tod

39、ay it has developed into a powerful control system with the central of processor and has many functions such as all kinds of calculations control and network. With its excellent stability and powerful functions, PLC is n

40、ow widely used in manufacture industry, electric power field, traffic field and etc.</p><p>　　The PLC program uses a cyclic scan in the main program loop such that periodic checks are made to the input varia

41、bles. The program loop starts by scanning the inputs to the system and storing their states in fixed memory locations (input image memory). The ladder program is then executed rung-by-rung. Scanning the program and solvi

42、ng the logic of the various ladder rungs determine the output states. The updated output states are stored in fixed memory locations (output image memory). The output </p><p>　　1) Analog data acquisition and

43、 transformation</p><p>　　Analog inputs and outputs such as pressure and temperature need to be measured on-line. For instance, temperature is first acquired by the Platinum resistances. A signal transformati

44、on module then converts the measured resistance value into the voltage range of 1-5V. The output of this transformation module is finally collected and transmitted back to the above PLC.</p><p>　　2) PLC cont

45、rol algorithms</p><p>　　The analog variables could be any controlled variable, e.g., temperature or pressure in our winding system. As a matter of fact, there exist two control modes, auto and manual. In the

46、 manual mode, operators modify the output values according to the desired levels; while in the auto mode, output values are regulated by the pre-designed control algorithms. It is worth mentioning that the outputs of PLC

47、 are always incremental values. Although auto-tuning PID controllers can be employed here, manual</p><p>　　To deal with the system with fixed model and parameter conventional PID is enough, but fixture is re

48、lative, in fact, the parameters of the winding system are variable in a definite range, therefore the controller must has a Monitoring System for PLC Controlled Manufacturing System Based on Fieldbus robustness to obtain