28914.毛烏素沙地東南緣人工植被結(jié)構(gòu)與生態(tài)功能研究

1、摘要摘要縱觀國內(nèi)外關于人工植被的相關研究，多集中于小尺度、單目標和簡單的對比分析研究，而對于如何建立高效、穩(wěn)定、優(yōu)化的人工植被配置模式，怎樣從根本上保證人工植被建設高效發(fā)展，維持結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性和功能持續(xù)性等方面缺乏系統(tǒng)性研究?？茖W、系統(tǒng)地對人工植被結(jié)構(gòu)與功能進行綜合評價和有效調(diào)控，是當前生態(tài)環(huán)境建設的需求熱點和巫待解決的重大問題。為此，本研究以景觀生態(tài)學、系統(tǒng)工程學和可持續(xù)發(fā)展理論為基礎，通過區(qū)域標準地調(diào)查與定位試驗相結(jié)合、單項技術(shù)與綜合配

2、套技術(shù)措施相結(jié)合、定位對比觀測與實驗分析相結(jié)合，應用數(shù)學分析方法和計算機技術(shù)，系統(tǒng)地研究了毛烏素沙地東南緣榆林沙區(qū)人工植被的結(jié)構(gòu)配置、生態(tài)功能和調(diào)控技術(shù)，建立了綜合生態(tài)效益評價指標體系，綜合評價了防風固沙林的生態(tài)功能，提出了適應不同立地類型的人工植被合理結(jié)構(gòu)、優(yōu)化配置模式及調(diào)控技術(shù)，為科學指導防沙治沙工程的順利實施提供了理論依據(jù)和技術(shù)支撐，對區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境建設有著重要的和現(xiàn)實的指導意義。研究成果在區(qū)域數(shù)據(jù)處理的科學性、廣泛性、關聯(lián)性和系統(tǒng)

3、性等方面具有一定創(chuàng)新。研究的主要結(jié)論為:(1)采用層次分析法、因子分析法和綜合評價模型，從大尺度對榆林沙區(qū)人工植被立地因子進行了綜合評價，按照綜合評價指數(shù)進行了立地分區(qū)劃分和樹種選擇研究，并采用灰色關聯(lián)分析法對主要樹種適宜性進行了評價和排序:灌木為花棒H.scoparium(1.0)踏05Hedysarunlaeve(0.86)沙柳Salixpsammophila(0.84)檸條Caraganakorshinskii(0.83)紫穗槐A

4、morphafruticasaL(0.77)》沙地柏Sabinavulgaris(0.65)喬木依次為合作楊Populusopera(1.0)樟子松PinussylvestrisL.Par.MongoLicaLitvin(0.70)側(cè)柏Platycladusorientalis(L)Franco(0.66)油松PinustabulueformisCarr(0.60)“4“葉楊PopulussimoniiCarr.(0.58).(2)從植

5、被群落及景觀格局特征與動態(tài)新角度研究了人工植被演替規(guī)律及其機理。研究表明，榆林沙地植被具有明顯的水平層片結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)立地條件的差異，分別形成以踏郎和紫穗槐為優(yōu)勢建群種的兩類群落引起植被群落演替和景觀格局變化的主要驅(qū)動因素是水分變化和人類活動在人工林的介入下，沙地植被經(jīng)歷天然稀疏草本階段—人工灌木固沙林階段—人工灌木天然草本階段—天然草本優(yōu)勢種階段的演替過程，使植被層次結(jié)構(gòu)更加復雜，功能趨于穩(wěn)定。(3)采用動態(tài)仿真理論系統(tǒng)地研究了人工植被的

6、結(jié)構(gòu)配置，提出了基于土地資IABSTRACTStudyonStructureandEcologicalFunctionofArtificialVegetationinSoutheasternMarginofMaowusuSandLandDoctoralCandiadate:GaoGuoxiong(SpecialtyofEcologyandEnvironmentEngineer)Directed衍ProfessorZhouXincheng

7、ABSTRACTTakingawholeviewofthedomesticresearchesontheartificialvegetationmostofthemareconcentratedonsmallscalesingleobjectandsimplecontrastthestu勿ontheestablishmentofanefficientstableandoptimizationartificialvegetationmod

8、elonthemethodsofhowtoensuretheartificialvegetationdevelopeficientlyandmaintainthestructurestableandthefunctionsustainabledevelopmentarelackofsystemicresearch.Todaycomprehensivelyevaluatingandefectivelyregulatingthestabil

9、itystructureandecologicalfunctionofartificialvegetationisahotresearchspotandnedtobedissolvedinthefieldofecologyandenvironmentconstruction.Thereforebasedontheoriesoflandscapeecologysystemsengineeringandsustainabledevelopm

10、entaccordingtocombingstandardplotinvestigationandpermanentplotobservationsingletechnologyandcorrespondingtechnologylocatedobservationandexperimentalanalysismathematicalmethodsandcomputertechnologytoanalyzethestructurecon

11、figurationecologicalfunctionandcontroltechnologyofartificialvegetationofYulindesertinthesoutheasternmarginofMaowususandlandestablishthecomprehensiveindexessystemofecologicalbenefitsevaluationevaluatetheecologicalfunction

12、ofsandbindingandwindcontrollingputforwardthereasonablestructureoptimizeallocationmodeandcontroltechnologyfordiferentartificialvegetationsprovideatheoreticalfoundationandtechnologicalsupportforimplementationofantidesertif

13、icationprojectalltheseworkareveryimportantandhaveagreatsignificanceinguid噸thepracticefortheconstrictionofecologicalenvironment.Theresearchresultsareinnovativeinsomeaspectssuchasscienceuniversalityrelevancyandsystemicaspe

14、ct.Themainconclusionsshowasfollowing:(1)TakingtheapproachoflevelanalysisfactoranalysisandcomprehensiveevaluationmodeltocomprehensivelyevaluatethevegetationsitefactorsofYulindesertinlargescaleaccordingtothecomprehensivein

15、dextoimplementthesiteareadivisionandthesuitabletrespecieschosen妙usingthegrayinterrelatedanalyticalmethodtoevaluatethemainspeciessuitabilitytheorderoftheshrubisH.scoparium(1.0)Hedysarunlaeve(0.86)Salixpsanunophila(0.84)Ca

16、raganakorshinskii(0.83)AmorphafruticasaL(0.77)Sabinavulgaris(0.65)andthesuitabilityorderofthearboris:Populusopera(1.0)PinussylvestrisL.Yar.MongoLicaLitvin(0.70)Platycladusorientalis(L.)Franco(0.66)PinustabulueformisCam(0